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Lichens - between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner

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Lichens - between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner

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A give-and-take relationshiop between two organisms

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Caring for and protecting our Biodiversity is everybody's responsibility. It is our sacred call, a mandate given to us by our Creator. Without this biodiversity, humanity will not survived. But we must also recognize that biodiversity encompasses ALL organisms - big and small. Therefore, care and attention must also be given to the HIDDEN BIOSPHERE - the Microbial World - whose role in our planet is important.

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Photos were taken mainly from the internet. Credit belongs to the owner/s of these photos.

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Island communities are very vulnerable to climate change. A rise in sealevel could be devastating to many inhabited islands.

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Do HABITAT FRAGMENTATION affects microorganisms such as fungi?

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Do HABITAT FRAGMENTATION affects microorganisms such as fungi?

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It is clear that concerns on biodiversity and climate change are now confined within certain region or country. It is a global phenomena and a global concern that requires solutions at a global scale. Looking at the different padlets showed similarities in the issues and challenges we face. Reflecting on this thought, our solutions must therefore be applicable not only with the our respective countries, but across regions and cultural/geographical divide.

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Possible signs of climate change in the Philippines

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Possible signs of climate change in the Philippines

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The typhoon Haiyan is one of the strongest typhoon ever recorded in the Philippines and globally. This devastated many regions in the country, leading to great economic losses and high loss of lives. Pictures below showed the devatation brought about by typhoon Haiyan, an indication of climate change.

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Philippines is home to many endemic species...
- 1/3 of the more than 9,250 vascular plants
-  26 endemic plant genera
- 185 of the 530 bird species
-  over 100 of at least 165 mammal species
- 160 of the over 235 reptiles
- 85% of the 90 amphibian species
- 65 of the more than 280 inland fishes
- 70 percent of the nearly 21,000 recorded insect species
Of these, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) has declared 418 animal species in the Philippines to be threatened.

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Imported 'invasive' species threaten Philippine fishery industry

Rudy Fernandez (The Philippine Star) - January 16, 2016 - 9:00am

LOS BAÑOS, Philippines - Invasive fish species were among 60 species introduced in local inland bodies of fresh water over the past century, a study said.

The exotic fishes from other countries have been in the Philippines since 1905.

However, some were introduced for food production, recreational fishing and ornamental purposes without authorization from the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) of the Department of Agriculture.

"Many introduced fishes have become invasive, causing ecological damage, economic loss, and even human injury." Six fish species became invasive upon escaping "accidentally or intentionally" into open waters from commercial and private keepers, according to aquaculture scientist Rafael Guerrero III of the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST).

In the report titled "Introduced Freshwater Fishes in the Philippines: An Assessment and Recommendations" published by NAST, Guerrero identified some of the invasive fish species and these are the following:

Janitor fish - This fish, particularly the Pterygoplicthus disjunctivus species, has reduced the fish catch of fisherfolk using fish corrals and gill nets in Laguna de Bay and Agusan Marsh in Mindanao, resulting in huge economic losses. The burrowing habit of the other janitor fish, P. pardalis, has also eroded the banks of Marikina River, a tributary of Laguna de Bay.

Clown knife fish - Believed to have escaped into Laguna de Bay after a flooding caused by Typhoon Ondoy in 2009, this fish is now wreaking havoc on the milkfish and tilapia industries of the lake.

Giant snakehead - This fish is present in the Pantabangan reservoir in Nueva Ecija although its invasiveness is not yet very serious, according to Guerrero.

Black-chin tilapia - This was first observed in Laguna de Bay but it eventually spread to the brackish waters (mixed fresh and salt waters) of Bulacan. Its presence is not yet much of a concern.

Jaguar guapote - This has been preying on and competing with native fishes in Taal Lake in Batangas.

Meanwhile, the red-bellied piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri), peacock bass (Cichia occularis) and araipama (Araipama gigas), which were introduced for ornamental purposes, have been deemed to be potentially invasive and need close watching because of their predatory habits, capability of spawning in tropical waters, and bio-invasive records in other countries, according to Guerrero.

The BFAR did not approve the introduction of piranha and bass, so these species should be on the watch list.

The mudfish (Channa striata), Thai catfish (Clarias batrachus) and rice paddy eel (Monopterus albus) which were introduced for aquaculture have also become invasive.

The mudfish is a pest in freshwater ponds since it preys on cultured species like tilapia.

The Thai catfish ecologically displaced the indigenous catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) in Laguna de Bay and other water bodies where it was introduced.

The rice paddy eel is reportedly infesting rice paddies in the Cagayan Valley by burrowing into dikes and causing water losses.

Guerrero underscored the need to strengthen the monitoring, surveillance, and control measures to prevent the spread of invasive ornamental fishes established in some of the country's inland waters and to forestall the escape of the potentially invasive species into open waters.

"The regular inspection and possible registration of aquarium pet shops and a massive information, education, and communication campaign to stir up public awareness for responsible aquarium pet care and environmental protection are recommended," he said.

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bureau of fisheries and aquatic resources

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Imported 'invasive' species threaten Philippine fishery industry | Philstar.com

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Imported 'invasive' species threaten Philippine fishery industry Rudy Fernandez (The Philippine Star) - January 16, 2016 - 9:00am LOS BAÑOS, Philippines - Invasive fish species were among 60 species introduced in local inland bodies of fresh water over the past century, a study said.

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Popularly known as "Janitor fish", Pterygoplicthus disjunctivus, this species common as household pet in aquaria was released in the local rivers. This has reduced dramatically the native or local species, thereby affecting not only the river and lake ecosystem, but also the economy of the region. This is an example of indescriminate release of unwanted pets into the wild.

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Habitat Loss, Fragmentation and Degradation

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Habitat Loss, Fragmentation and Degradation

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The Philippines, though a megadiverse country, suffer very much to habitat loss, habitat fragmentation and habitat degradation due to anthrogenic or man-made activities. For example, the country's forest cover declined tremendously in the recent years. Such decline in habitats also resulted in many catastrophic natural events. Devastation brought by typhoons could be minimized if the mangrove ecosystems along coastal areas are thriving. Unfortunately, we saw a decline in these mangrove areas, mainly due to over-exploitation of woods and conversion of mangrove swamps into aquaculture areas.

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Your BioArea is looking good.
Eleni

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A simplified trophic pyramid in Philippine tropical forests

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A simplified trophic pyramid in Philippine tropical forests

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plants (producers) ----> insects (1.consumers) ----> tarsiers (2.consumers) ----> eagles or birds of prey (3. consumers)

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The ecological niche of two characteristic animals: old growth dipterocarp trees in tropical forests

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The ecological niche of two characteristic animals: old growth dipterocarp trees in tropical forests

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Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests

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This page may have been removed or had its name changed. Please check that the URL you typed was spelled correctly. Otherwise, please use one of the options below: Search our site by topic, keyword, or description.

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Two organisms that share the same food (niche partitioning) and the way that they manage it

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Two organisms that share the same food (niche partitioning) and the way that they manage it

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Resource partitioning among anole lizards in Puerto Rico.
Each species occupies a different type or elevation of vegetation.
Image by Eva Horne modified from Williams, E.E. 1983. Ecomorphs, faunas, island size, and diverse end points in island radiations of Anolis. In Lizard Ecology: Studies of a Model Organism. Eds. R.B. Huey, E.R. Pianka, and T.W. Schoener. Harvard University Press.

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. the parasitic worm Ascaris
. the parasitic plant Balanophora coralliformis (“coral plant”)

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. Philippine Eagle - Monkey
. Philippine Tarsier - Insects

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The wolves were brought in because the increased elk population was overgrazing the deciduous, woody species such as aspen and cottonwood which also affected other organisms.

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My BioArea...Mt. Isarog in the Philippines

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My BioArea...Mt. Isarog in the Philippines

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Description:
- potentially active stratovolcano in the Bicol Region
- elevation of 2,000 masl
- with 4 types of natural habitats
- lowland forest, grassland, montane forest, mossy forest
- endemic species are present
- protected as National Park (2002)
- human communities are present