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The North had a industrial advantage

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The North controlled the Navy, the seas were in the hands of the Union.

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The north had more weapons, clothes, and other resources

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Transporting food to soldiers and civilians was a major problem.

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The South could produce all the food it needed.

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The South had a great nucleus of trained officers.

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Seven of the eight military colleges in the country were in the South.

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The South was fighting in it's own territory and was familiar with the ares, making it easier to attack the North

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The seas and trade were taken from them as the North had that advantage

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They had less weapons at the beginning of the war

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They were able to transport things to soldiers easier with railroads and others various transportation methods

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They were fighting in unfamiliar territory

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The South had more trained officers than the North

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The South also had more trained soldiers and could fight better

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The North had 21 million people

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Smaller population than the North

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The North had less experienced fighters compared to the South

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The Norths strategy was to surround the South to keep goods from getting and and out and forcing them to surrender, basically squeezing them economically and preventing them from getting the things they need.

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The Confederacy had hoped that if they showed that they were going to win the war against the North that European powers would help assist them against United States to protect their cotton supply.