# data[].attributes.body
a company that is owned by two or more people

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1.Easy to set up
2.Decisions sharing

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1.It is difficult to find financial support
2. potential for conflict

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a company whose shares can be sold to the public

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Advantages: 1.Google has the ability to raise capital  2.Google becomes more longevous

Disadvantages: 1.More managerial demands 2. It is possible to lose control

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An unincorporated company owned by two or more people.

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An unincorporated company owned by two or more people.

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2.Easy to set up。

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A partnership is an arrangement between two or more people to oversee business operations and share its profits and liabilities.

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More capital
More personal contacts

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Lack of capital and working capital
Unlimited liability

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A public limited company is a limited liability and incorporated business entity whose shares are traded publicly on the stocks exchange.

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Advantages:
Access to specialist help
Economies to scale
Disadvantages:
Risk of takeover
Diluted ownership
Share prices fluctuate

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A partnership is a company formed by two or more individuals

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1, easy to set up
2, by adequate funding
3, more expertise and experience

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1, Potential for conflict
2, Lack of independent decisions

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A business whose shares are sold to anyone who can afford to buy them.

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Benefits: 1, limited liability 2, separate legal identity 3, ability to raise funds.
Disadvantages.
1, cost and complexity of setting up the business
2, Increased corporate reporting requirements
3, Increased management needs
4, potential loss of control by the company

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Tow or more individuals or some kind of legal person doing business together under agreement documents without setting a limited company.

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1. Better privacy
2. Easy to set up

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1. Risk of conflicts
2. Unlimited responsibility

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Public limited company (PLC) refers to the limited company that sells its share to the public.

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AD:
1. Easy to get capital
2. Effective in discentralizing risks

DIS:
1. Lack of privacy
2. Discentralized decision making power.

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Tingyue wang
An unincorporated company owned by two or more people

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Easy to set up

Decision sharing

Cost sharing

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Tingyue Wang
Unlimited liability

Potential for conflict

Lack of independent decision

Expansion, succession, termination issue

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A business in which stock is sold to anyone who has the means to buy it.

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Benefits

Limited liability

Separate legal identity
Drawbacks

Cost and complexity in setting the business

Reporting requirements

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A few like-minded people work together.

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1.Collaboration will be more efficient and attract more investment
2.They have more resources than the self-employed.

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1. The problem of equity allocation
2. Shortage of funds

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It is the stock listed company, it is the limited company that points to to be listed on the stock exchange to trade

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Advantages:
1. More shareholders make it easier for shareholders to control the company
2. It helps to enhance the accountability of shareholders

Disadvantages:
1. Many processes become complex
2. Restrictions on capital flows

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JPMA04_Aston Martin Group ( Dai Wei, Yifan, Tian Xia, Mingtian)

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JPMA04_Aston Martin Group ( Dai Wei, Yifan, Tian Xia, Mingtian)

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An unincorporated company owned by two or more people.

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JPMA04_Aston Martin Group ( Dai Wei, Yifan, Tian Xia, Mingtian)

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JPMA04_Aston Martin Group ( Dai Wei, Yifan, Tian Xia, Mingtian)

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The first advantage of Google partnership between them is that the business income generated does not need to pay corporate income tax, but individual income tax is paid according to the personal income of the partners. Compared with sole trader, the partner mode can relieve their financial press and when face the risks they can face together. This saved the company a lot of money in developing new business.The second advantage is that the organizational structure is set up relatively simple limited company, can be agreed on more matters. This is a great flexibility for a new company to adjust its business.

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JPMA04_Aston Martin Group ( Dai Wei, Yifan, Tian Xia, Mingtian)

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JPMA04_Aston Martin Group ( Dai Wei, Yifan, Tian Xia, Mingtian)

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(1). Risk of violation: violation, that is, violation of laws, regulations, rules or industry regulations.

(2). Default risk: it mainly occurs in the process of economic communication

(3). Infringements risk: the rights that are most likely to be infringed or infringed in the course of. business operations include intellectual property rights, labor rights and interests, etc.
(4). Some urgent problems need to be addressed as soon as possible, they do not have the right of independent decision.   at the begin of Google, both of them may encounter the divergence of opinion, such as the direction of development or some vital decisions, which is potential issues.

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JPMA04_Aston Martin Group ( Dai Wei, Yifan, Tian Xia, Mingtian)

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JPMA04_Aston Martin Group ( Dai Wei, Yifan, Tian Xia, Mingtian)

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A business in which stock is sold to anyone who has the means to buy it. Although more function they can offer to public, the complex process and human resources will add difficult for itself.

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JPMA04_Aston Martin Group ( Dai Wei, Yifan, Xia Tian, Mingtian)

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JPMA04_Aston Martin Group ( Dai Wei, Yifan, Xia Tian, Mingtian)

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Advantages: (1).gain more funding resources from the public. (2).Share operating risks with the majority of shareholders.  Disadvantages: (1).High transparency makes companies less secretive, which further limits the managers’ behaviors.

(2). Systemic risk in the stock market can have a big impact on shareholders' equity.

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JPMA04- Royal Mail Group (Chen Tian, Yizong Sun, Huiru Wang, Ziyue Li, Yaxin Li)

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JPMA04- Royal Mail Group (Chen Tian, Yizong Sun, Huiru Wang, Ziyue Li, Yaxin Li)

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An unincorporated company owned by two or more people, and it can not issue shares.

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JPMA04-Royal Mail Group (Chen Tian, Yizong Sun, Huiru Wang, Ziyue Li, Yaxin Li)

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JPMA04-Royal Mail Group (Chen Tian, Yizong Sun, Huiru Wang, Ziyue Li, Yaxin Li)

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1.A partnership is easy to set up .
2.use each other’s expertise and knowledge to make better decision.

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JPMA04-Royal Mail Group (Chen Tian, Yizong Sun, Huiru Wang, Ziyue Li, Yaxin Li)

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JPMA04-Royal Mail Group (Chen Tian, Yizong Sun, Huiru Wang, Ziyue Li, Yaxin Li)

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1.When planning for future and strategies, discussing profit-sharing percentages, and taking about dispute-resolution procedures, co-founders may meet some conflicts and disagreements.

2.Because of the partnership has lack of independent decision, power and responsibility confusion will make works repetition, pretermission, and buckpassing, which leads to make staff frustration.

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JPMA04-Royal Mail Group (Chen Tian, Yizong Sun, Huiru Wang, Ziyue Li, Yaxin Li)

# data[].attributes.subject
JPMA04-Royal Mail Group (Chen Tian, Yizong Sun, Huiru Wang, Ziyue Li, Yaxin Li)

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A Public Limited Company is a Company listed on the stock market.A corporation that sells stock to those with the financial resources to do so.

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An unincorporated company owned by two or more people.

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1. Esay to setup.
2. Decision sharing.

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JPMA04-Royal Mail Group (Chen Tian, Yizong Sun, Huiru Wang, Ziyue Li, Yaxin Li)

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JPMA04-Royal Mail Group (Chen Tian, Yizong Sun, Huiru Wang, Ziyue Li, Yaxin Li)

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Advantages:
1.The shareholders shall have the power and obligations according to the shares they hold
2. Because PLC can provide more funds to maintain the operation of the company, so that they can survive longer.

Disadvantages:
1. Cost would be risen and complexity will be increased when dealing with transaction.
2. Possible  loss of control because of some uncontrollable factor, such as, opposition between governments and management division.
3.Having many administrators would lead to a consequence that some administrators want to get the feedback and return on investment without any contribution, which leads to the loss of managerial demands.

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1. Unlimited liability
2. Potential for conflict

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1. A business in which stock is sold to anyone who has the means to buy it.
2. The price share is quoted on the national stock exchange.

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Advantages:
1. Limited liability
2. Separate legal identity

Disadvantages:
1. Cost and complexity in setting the business
2.Possible loss of control

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An unincorporated company owned by two or more people.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Easy to set up
2.Decision sharing

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deed of partnership

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1.High cost of setting up the company.
2. financial restraints
3. expansion

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decision sharing, increased financial resources

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Refers  to the limited company that sells stock , and share to the public.

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unlimited liability, potential for conflict

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it can sell shares to the general public.

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Advantages 1. the firm is parceled out into shares and sold “publicly” on any or the entire globe’s stock exchanges. 2. those who invest in the firm are protected from extreme loss if the company fails.
Disadvantages 1. High Costs 2.Slow Decisions.

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1. Efficient and can deal with problems faster.
2.target clearly

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A clear division of labour between two or more persons and sharing of profits and liabilities.

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1. Too small to gain recognition to get investment.
2. Not LTD means more risk.

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It is a limited liability company and shares can be sold to the public.

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Advantages
1.get more investment
2.increase liquidity of shareholder
disadvantages
1.fulfil more responsibility for the public
2.Disclosure of financial statements
3.Hostile Merge

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An unincorporated company owned by two or more people.

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1. Easy to set up.
2.Decision sharing.

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Unlimited liability, if their company goes bankrupt, they will go bankrupt themselves

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An unincorporated company owned by two or more people.

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Because they have more than one people, so they can share decision on Google’s development and have border skills and experiences base.

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A business in which stock is sold to anyone who has the means to buy it.

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Because they just have two partners, so they have unlimited liability and may have conflict when making decision about Google’s development.

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ADV: More money for investment

DISA: Can no longer make own decisions and run the company.

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A business in which stock is sold to anyone who has the means to buy it. The price share is quoted on the national stock exchange.

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Advantages: 1.gain more capital 2.improve company’s reputation

Disadvantage: 1. increasing company transparency may lead to leakage of secrets. 2.Possible loss of control.

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a company that sells shares in itself to the public

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a company that sells shares in itself to the public

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2.Partners may clash over development philosophies

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A company which is owned by two or more people

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1. They can share all the profits
2. Trouble and concern can also be shared when the company is facing some problem

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1. unlimited  liability because there are only two person
2. There might be some conflicts when they are making decisions

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It is listed on the stock exchange, and can be traded in public

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1. advantage: pour more capital into company; higher the reputation
2. disadvantage: transparency which would rise the possibility of information leaking

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Partnership means that two or more people who oversee the operation of a business.

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Partnership enterprise refers to the composition of more than 2 partners (without the upper limit), joint investment, joint business.

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1. Easy to set up
2.Decision sharing

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1.Lack of financial support

2. Lack of decision-making ability

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1. Win-win cooperation
2. Share the risk

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Lack of experience and financial support.

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It can raise more money by issuing shares to the public, cannot keep secrets, and financial accounts must be disclosed to the public.

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A company is allowed to legally offer its shares for sale to the public.

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Advantages :1. Google can raise more funds 2. The company becomes more stable

Disadvantages :1. Need more management personnel 2. Increased risk

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Advantage
1. Get more money
2. More influential
Disadvantage
1. Easy to lose control of the company
2. The market value of the company is volatile

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It means a partnership, a joint venture with others to establish a company.

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Easy to set up

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Away from responsibility
No credit
Lack of funds

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It means a company that have owns securities and shares.

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Benefits

Limited liability

Separate legal identity
Drawbacks

Cost and complexity in setting the business

Reporting requirements

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it means an unicorporated company owned by 2 or more poeple.

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1.boader skills and experience base
2. easy to set up

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1. don't have enough capital
2.lack of liability

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a public limitied company can raise money from others by selling its stoke to others.

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advantages:
1. easy to raise money
2.separate legal identity which can reduce risks.

disadvantages:
1. make it more difficult to keep the company in order
2.they need to report their works

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More than two people run a company which has fixed proportions of investment and profit share.

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EASY TO SET UP
BROADER SKILLS