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Cancer is a disease that affects humans, animals and plants. Cancer is caused by a broken internal mechanism of cells which in turn becomes abnormal and mutates which causes a tumor. Cancer cells keep dividing over and over again instead. Cancer is caused by many factors such as smoking, sun exposure, radiation, family history, poor diet, alcohol, lack of physical activity.

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Lung cancer represents 13% of cancer cases. The risk for developing it is 1 in 13 for men and 1 in 16 for women. Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer (9 out of 10 smokes). Second-hand smoking, family history, supplements, radon gas, pollutants, and radiation are examples of more growing risk factors in humans.

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- Lung Cancer can affect the lung and heart if tumors grow near the lung or heart. This could lead to swelling in the chest, neck, and face. If the tumors grow near the heart, it could block arteries and veins. Therefore, not allowing blood flow through the heart and veins.

- The effect of lung cancer on the respiratory system starts when abnormal cells in the lungs grow out of control. It starts anywhere in the lungs and can affect any part of the respiratory system. Lung cancer is the #1 cause of death in cancer. Cancer that develops in your lungs is almost impossible to live after the second stage. This can affect your breathing. One of the symptoms of lung cancer is coughing. When you cough through the mouth, you are breathing in dry and unfiltered air. Constantly coughing can damage or irritate the airways.

- Lung cancer affects the nervous system in a few ways. During cancer or cancer treatment, you could experience tinnitus, which is ringing in the ears, or hearing loss. You could also experience vision problems, double vision, and feel like the room is spinning. All of these have an effect on the nervous system

- The circulatory system is also attacked by lung cancer. The lung cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body, and the lymph nodes. If the lung cancer spreads, it could cause blockage in the major airways, and fluids could build-up, causing shortness of breath. Over time, a lack of oxygen could cause heart failure. Due to bleeding in the airways, people with lung cancer could experience coughing up blood.

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Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cancerous tumours in the lungs. Smoking tobacco immediately causes small changes to the tissue lining the bronchi of the lungs. The effects are not a lot, but once you keep on smoking tobacco it will keep on damaging your tissue. Once your tissue keeps on getting damaged, overtime a tumour will be developed. When the tumour grows inwards it may cause air passage way, causing breathing difficulties. It won’t just be breathing difficulties, following that major things will start to happen. The lungs will collapse and infections will develop, following this the person will be developing lung abscess. Lung abscess is when your lungs get seriously damaged and a large hole is developed in your lungs. If the tumour grows inwards the patient will be coughing blood at first. At first when the tumour grows outwards it won’t be noticed until it starts to spread to the other body parts. After it spreads to other body parts, it will seriously affect the body. There will be many symptoms occurring. Coughing up blood, chest pains, shortness of breath, weight loss, loss of appetite, chronic, and wheezing.

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Early diagnosis and treatment advances have given lung cancer patients more options to treat the disease and improve their outcomes.
Some treatment options are:

-  surgery:  surgical removal of  cancerous tissue, and entire lobe, or an enitre lung

- chemotherapy: anti-cancer drugs to slow and stop growth or kill cancer cells

- radiation therapy: uses advanced radiation techniques to target the tumor while sparing healthy tissues

- genomic testing: examines the tumor DNA alterations for tailor-made treatments

- immunotherapy: stimulates the body;s immune system to destroy cancer cells

- targated therapy: treats cancer by zeroing in on a specific gene mutation

- interventional pulmonology: used to diagnose lung cancer, treat tumors, and relieve symptoms that limit breathing or cause pain in the body.