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1.    What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?

Steps should be taken to ensure that no matter the institution/ research organisation, researchers should be carefully monitored to ensure that there is no confirmation bias, inaccurate or manipulated data, and other fraudulent acts that violate the seven key principles of the GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation). For instance, there should be some form of supervision or monitoring when carrying out research, regardless of having a Ph.D., or the status of the researcher. The results of an experiment should be shared with colleagues to ensure that they will not be tampered or manipulated.

2.    What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project?

The information and identity of participants will not be disclosed. Data gathered from participants would only be gathered by the researcher for the purpose of the results section of the project. Additionally, the identity of the participants, if required for the experiment, would be removed before the results are added to the dissertation.

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1. What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?
Scientific misconduct can be prevented in many ways including: avoiding confirmation bias and other types of bias, never forge or not include data, avoid "grey areas", be critical of data and scrutinise results, share with other psychologists so they can review your work and follow the 4 BPS codes of ethics as well as the data protection legislation.

2. What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project?

I would make sure that any participants that data was collected from are aware of the risks involved with its handling, and ensure that they know of their right to withdraw their data at any time if erasure is possible. I would also ensure that all data collected is anonymised or de identified to protect the participants and afterwards inform them on how this process is done.

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Please read the articles on scientific misconduct and GDPR, and then answer the following questions. Do not forget to have the completed worksheet with you in this week’s live session.     1.What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct? Have a full understanding on practices, policies, BPS codes of conduct and principles. Staying familiar and up to date with changes and their being appropriate repercussions if these are broken.                                 2.What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project? Information will be anonymised and stored within a secure password protected file. Following the guidelines set out by BPS codes of conduct and GDPR. 

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Please read the articles on scientific misconduct and GDPR, and then answer the following questions. Do not forget to have the completed worksheet with you in this week’s live session.     1.What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct? Have a full understanding on practices, policies, BPS codes of conduct and principles. Staying familiar and up to date with changes and their being appropriate repercussions if these are broken.                                 2.What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project? Information will be anonymised and stored within a secure password protected file. Following the guidelines set out by BPS codes of conduct and GDPR. 

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1. What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?
To prevent scientific misconduct, you should educate and become aware of
the best practices and legislation to follow responsibly when conducting research. There are various education and training materials available to do this.

2. What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and
security of data from your dissertation project?
I would ensure that policies for academic research were in place and are
followed. Make sure to get informed consent from any participants I may use.
ensure to store and use the information accordingly and that my work was peer-reviewed.

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1.             What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?

Scientific misconduct can be prevented by : having all the researchers scrutinize the write up of the article before being published (peer review), having researchers sign documentation promising to be completely truthful in the research process and with findings, having fixed penalties for deliberate misconduct and finally by Stringent evaluation of information extracted from sources.

2.    What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project?

Follow all GDPR protocol, use pseudonyms in all cases, full nconsent from all participants, debrief participants after the research process.

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1. What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?

To prevent misconduct Posters on the wall and reinforcement of knowledge of the BPS standards should be available. Researchers should sign and date any data they collect in a separate notebook. Supervisors should regularly check data and discuss with researchers any problems they have. If some-one does notice misconduct then they should remain anonymous to protect them from any fallout, if they report the mis conduct. All breaches of the BPS standards should be taken seriously and dealt with accordingly.

2. What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project.

I would change the names of the participants by either using a code or numbers. My own files would be password protected so only I could access it. My study would adhere to the GDPR guidelines. Any back-up files would be also be password protected. At the end of the research I would ask participants if it was alright to store their information or would they rather I deleted it.

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1.    What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?

To prevent scientific misconduct BPS standards around data protection must be followed by researchers and anyone undertaking studies or experiments. Breaching of these codes of conduct should be dealt with effectively in order to create a culture of safe, honest practice within the BPS. We saw in the articles that a colleague identified the misconduct and approached Stapel – so to practice alongside other people could prevent misconduct as there are others to identify mistakes or misconduct.

2.    What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project?

-       Be transparent/record everything during research and report to tutors/supervisors at every step.

-       Follow 7 key principles set out by the BPS and GDPR.

-       Cover 6 legal bases and have all the necessary documents to state all info stored.

-       Follow all individual rights.

-       Use initials or code instead of individuals names to protect identity.

-       Use UWS resources with passwords and limited access/ limited chance of a breach of information.

-       Have consent for any information stored from the individuals/ source.

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What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?

There are no particular ways to prevent scientific misconduct as it is something that does sometimes happen, it would be very difficult to put exact measures in place to stop this. There are a number of things that may help reduce the likelihood of it happening though and these could be:

.Ensuring that policies governing academic research are not just in place but are being followed.

.Reinforcing expectations for the process of scientific rigor.

.Supervision

.Communication

.Training and education for junior scientists

.Having mentors in place to oversee junior scientists work

What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project?

.I would use numbers where possible instead of names or personal information, if I have 100 participants in the study then I would ensure that each participant was numbered 1-100.

.I would ensure that my study was well planned and that it adhered the GDPR legal standards so that not only one of the principles are being met but that most or all of them are.

.I would ensure that any personal information is in a password protected document so that no one else but me will have access to it.

.I would use encrypted files to ensure that my data and the personal information of the participants is unreadable to others who don't have permission to access it.

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1.     What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?

Scientific misconduct can be prevented via peer review, independent observers and analysts watching and checking experiments and their data, boards or interviewers asking questions to the researchers and scrutinising their methods and results. When researchers ask for grants, have them disclose their hypotheses and compare them to previous work to see if they worth investigating, when a piece of research is completed, have another set of neutral researchers do the exact same procedure again to test the accuracy of the results/data. Make sure that their lawful basis for the research is acceptable and not manipulated/ changed during the research. Make sure that the participants’ data is accessible if it needs to be tested, and make sure it meets confidentiality rules and security rules. Have the participants fill out consent forms and report their feelings on their experiences after the experiment is finished.

2.     What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project?

I will make sure the data is secure by saving it in a password protected file on a password protected computer. I will also make a secure back-up. I will make the data confidential by assigning anonymous participant numbers or creating an identifying key in the database based upon anonymous details like the participant number and their unique results. I will limit physical access to the data to only the researchers and I will not show or discuss the data with others.

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1. What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct? A way in which to prevent scientific misconduct is to ensure everyone is aware of the BPS data Protection Regulation legal basis. Ensure all information is found from reliable sources. All individuals in which you have data stored on must have given their full consent to this information being held, if not the information must be deleted.   2. What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project? I would ensure I am up to date with the BPS legal basis and will ensure the participants in my experiment rights are always met. All participants will be informed on exactly what will be involved in my experiment, and I will receive full consent from all participants before beginning my experiment. 

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1. What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct? A way in which to prevent scientific misconduct is to ensure everyone is aware of the BPS data Protection Regulation legal basis. Ensure all information is found from reliable sources. All individuals in which you have data stored on must have given their full consent to this information being held, if not the information must be deleted.   2. What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project? I would ensure I am up to date with the BPS legal basis and will ensure the participants in my experiment rights are always met. All participants will be informed on exactly what will be involved in my experiment, and I will receive full consent from all participants before beginning my experiment. 

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1.    What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?

·         Be sure that policies that apply to research and the protection of individuals involved are both in place and followed correctly.

·         Have constant communication with all those involved to prevent mistakes or create miscommunication (The GDPR; The right to be informed, the right of access etc).

·         Ensure supervision of the appropriate level is carried out.

2.    What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project?

·         Fact check and security check any and all sources used when researching my topic.

·         If carrying out personal studies/ projects involving others, ensure confidentiality within areas such as anonymity as well as taking data protection into account (Data Protection act 2018).

·         Be personally aware of and follow the GDPR within all areas of my dissertation.
-C Morrison

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Applying Psychology: Week 12 Worksheet

What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?
Things can't be done to prevent it, because it's always going to happen. However actions can be taken to prevent the misconduct from reaching the public. Thorough provisions of proof and fact checking by peers or an outsider scientific source. Video evidence could also prevent this from happening. There should also be supervision and monitoring of both the participants and the psychologists carrying out the study.
There should also be firmer implimentation of data protection so that no classified information gets released about participants.

What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project?
Assurance of data protection by following the Data Protection act 2018. Taking the code of conduct very seriously in all aspects and assuring that i follow it to a T. I would assure everything that i've gathered is backed and accurate, even if it means running the test several times while keeping everything confidential and making the experiment the best that it can be,

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1.	What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?               The best way to prevent scientific misconduct is to ensure that you and those you are working with are aware of the rules of conduct you are following and understand clearly what is involved with this. Ways to prevent misconduct could include ensuring all policy are clary presented somewhere visual to act as a consent reminder of the do and don’ts of following the conduct. To prevent misconduct, you should ensure all the approved protocol are being followed to an effective standard. You should ensure regular check are being made to the relevant data this will allow you to make sure you don’t have any out-of-date data which could mean you have.2.	What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project? There are many methods that can be put in place to ensure confidentiality and security of data these can include only collection the most vital data this will allow to ensure you only have the relevant data. You could also add extra security to your document by creating a password this will mean that only the relevant people have access to the document. Limited people having access to the document allows it to more confidential.

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1.	What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?               The best way to prevent scientific misconduct is to ensure that you and those you are working with are aware of the rules of conduct you are following and understand clearly what is involved with this. Ways to prevent misconduct could include ensuring all policy are clary presented somewhere visual to act as a consent reminder of the do and don’ts of following the conduct. To prevent misconduct, you should ensure all the approved protocol are being followed to an effective standard. You should ensure regular check are being made to the relevant data this will allow you to make sure you don’t have any out-of-date data which could mean you have.2.	What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project? There are many methods that can be put in place to ensure confidentiality and security of data these can include only collection the most vital data this will allow to ensure you only have the relevant data. You could also add extra security to your document by creating a password this will mean that only the relevant people have access to the document. Limited people having access to the document allows it to more confidential.

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1.    What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?

Measures can be taken to ensure scientific misconduct is not taken, this can be achieved by making sure your work corresponds with the BPS Code of Ethics and Concerns as well as Data Protection Legislation.

Implementing a framework with internal monitoring can allow the validity of the results to be supported whilst being transparent with other researchers. Having a review process at multiple stages from different people unannounced can ensure that ethics are held to at all times and that the statistics cannot be fabricated.

2.    What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project?

Ensure all researchers taking part have familiarised themselves with the BPS Code of Conduct and Ethics to make sure that work is done within the correct professional framework.

Operate with full cooperation with everyone working and complete transparency throughout the research process. Following the GDPR’s principle will allow me to keep everyone involved protected.

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1.    What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?

Supervision and monitoring. Physical evidence, the questionnaires, the collected data, where it is stored and how it can be accessed if required. The explanation of how it was collected and from whom. An internal monitoring process within the university that can check and attest to the validity of what is being done. The actual data collected should fall into probable patterns and be able to be replicated if necessary.

2.    What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project?

Knowing the GDPR Guidance for researchers that I must ensure that I have appropriate security measures in place to protect the personal data I hold. That may be physical questionnaires kept under lock and key or digital questionnaires that are encrypted and the use of strong password protection and instead of a client’s name there is a code so as not to identify the client, but the code and named client can be accessed if required on another list also encrypted and again the use of strong password protection. Ensuring firewalls and anti-virus software is up-to-date and keeping the security and operational patches updated too all ensure an optimal atmosphere for data protection.

DG

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1. What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?

Scientific misconduct can be avoided through knowledge and usage of the relevant legislations, such as:

- BPS Code of Ethics and Conduct.
- The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR.)
- Data Protection Act 2018.

They each have their own principals to help sustain a framework of guidance for researchers to follow in order to maintain expectations and professionalism. Although each piece of legislation varies in it's principals they all have the same ideology which is the protection of data and the welfare of the participants at heart.

2. What measures will you put into place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project?

I will be following the correct legislations to ensure that I don't make any misconducts, in regards to confidentiality...I fully intend to follow the GDPR's principal of anonymised/de-identified data to ensure the protection of the participants is of the upmost importance, of course I will inform them of how I plan on anonymising such information so that the decision in regards to consent of share/storage can be determined by themselves.

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Week 12, Preventing scientific misconduct

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Week 12, Preventing scientific misconduct

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1. What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?

Diederik Stapel exercised a great amount of autonomy. He also, by his own admission, manipulated others like his PhD. Students and Lab technicians, whereby, he would be the only person dealing with the raw data. It also appeared the University lacked proper oversight and supervision of research staff.

Ways to address scientific misconduct:

Better oversight and supervision of researchers.

Having open and transparent audit systems in place.

Have unannounced inspections of Data by relevant authorities and parties.

1. What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project?

Learn both BPS code of ethics and conduct, and data protection regulation and guidelines (GDPR), so they are both second nature to me.

Follow university guidelines, BPS code of ethics and conduct, and data protection regulations.

Always operate with openness, transparency and honesty, immediately flag up any concerns regarding the confidentiality and security of data.

Have regular meetings with my supervisor to discuss any discrepancies, challenges or potential data breaches.

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1.    What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?
Adhere to BPS Data Protection Regulations legal basis.  Ensure your data is from a reliable source and you have the individuals full consent.  Other scientific researchers can provide assistance over another researchers work so use the support available to keep yourself right and ensure no breaches are being made.

2.   What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project?
For the security of my dissertation project I would have to follow BPS Data Protection Regulations, my work and research would have to be 100% authentic and relevant to research being carried out. My work must not be shared with others and must be backed up/password protected to protect the data of individuals and also my results so nobody else could steal my data for there on research.

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1.    What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?

Being aware of the BPS Data Protection Regulations legal basis for processing along with the extra data concerning ‘special category’ personal data and children. Knowing individual rights and the exemptions for research and keeping up to date with changes made through the BPS. Using the resources available and also having consultations regularly with research colleagues, university leaders and adding further education if/when required.

2.    What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project?

Ensuring data remains confidential and secure would require encryption of files on computer equipment and managing who has access to the computer.

Managing paper records would require physically securing the files in locked storage, which could be anonymised and coded by using separate storage that holds personal data to de-identify the data.

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Applying Psychology: Week 12 Worksheet

Please read the articles on scientific misconduct and GDPR, and then answer the following questions. Do not forget to have the completed worksheet with you in this week’s live session.

1.    What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?

Other scientific researchers can check over another researchers work to make sure the data is true and honest. By doing things such as reconducting the experiment.

2.    What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project?

I will get legal basis and not throw out the rights of the participants in my research study. I would also have to be accurate, legitimate and honest with my results and what my project will involve for the participant.

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1.    What can be done to prevent scientific misconduct?

Ensuring that they are always a panel of researcher involved on data collection and reading. This will minimise the risk of individual researcher to conduct scientific misconduct.

2.    What measures will you put in place to ensure the confidentiality and security of data from your dissertation project?

To ensure the confidentiality and security of data of my dissertation project, I need to ensure to adhere to the seven key principles of the GDPR. Being a researcher, I have principles to uphold, and I have to ensure to act upon those principles. Any data I produced will need to be transparent with the evidence for the accuracy and legitimacy of my project.