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In the case of AI, the neural network of the brain is successfully imitated, even including the ability to learn from past cases. Several studieson artificial neural networks showed that they are able to accurately diagnose some diseases including malignant melanoma, eye problems, and many forms of cancer by analyzing spectral information and diagnostic criteria.

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Robotic Radiosurgery Systems like CyberKnife offer a non-invasive alternative to treating malignant and benign tumors anywhere in the body. The system uses image-guided technology and computer controlled mobility to detect and correct tumor and patient movement throughout the treatment.  It delivers precise radiation to the tumor, reducing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

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The global population is expected to reach 9 billion people by 2050, which means double agricultural production in order to meet food demands. Farm enterprises require new and innovative technologies to face and overcome these challenges. Artificial intelligence robotics is one of these technologies that promises to provide a solution. An increasing number of farmbots are being developed that are capable of complex tasks that have not been possible with the large-scale agricultural machinery in the past. Here's a list of real use cases of robots that will help agriculture changing.
Crop-spraying drone
Agriculture is considered a prime area of potential growth in the drone industry because of the technology's ability to help survey crops and gather real-time information on farmland. Crop-spraying drones or easy-to-fly devices that are designed to spray pesticides on crops, can also capture high resolution images of whole field for further analysis. Effect of crop-spraying drone usage is massive. Drones can take off and land vertically which means unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayer does not need a runway. They are suitable for all kinds of complex terrain, crops and plantations of varying heights. In addition, crop-spraying can be controlled in any sight of distance range due to ability to fly at low altitude of several meters. Precise and accurate crop spraying ensures the best coverage and application of fertilizers or pesticides on lands.
Prospero or the swarming farmbot
Prospero is a working prototype of an Autonomous Micro Planter (AMP) that uses a combination of swarm and game theory and is meant to be deployed as a group of autonomous robots that tend the crops and harvest them. Finally one robot that can plant, tend, and harvest autonomously transitioning from one phase to another. A swarm of small robots like Prospero would have the ability to farm inch by inch, examining the soil before planting each seed and choosing the best variety for that spot. This would maximize the productivity of each acre, allow less land to be converted to farm land, feed more people, and provide a higher standard of living for those people because they would spend less on food.
Strawberry harvesting robot
Labor shortage spurs farmers to use robots for handling delicate tasks in the fresh-produce industry, writes The Wall Street Journal. Automated harvester wheeled through rows of strawberry plants, illustrating an emerging solution to one of the produce industry's most pressing problems: a shortfall of farmhands. Increased mechanization of the fresh-produce industry boosts productivity, ultimately helping to tamp down price growth. It also help farmers, who are struggling with a yearlong drought in the country's largest produce state, get more from their fields, offsetting higher costs. In addition, this system allows to avoid the labor shortages, existing in many developed and developing countries.
Lettuce-thinning robot
A lettuce-thinning robot, designed by Californian company Blue River Technology and currently being used by eight customers in different parts of the USA, is used for the thinning and weeding of lettuce to increase yield. Its vision system scrutinizes each plant and then applies advanced artificial intelligence algorithms that make plant-by-plant decisions to optimize yield and then eliminate unwanted plants according to its programming. Precision lettuce-thinning can characterise every plot by counting plants and plant spacing, building canopy height distributions, and measuring key physiological parameters, generate tabulate data and statistics for each plot and build plot image library that contains all images and plot reconstructions from every plot.
Driverless tractor
Driverless tractors are getting closer to farmlands. Companies in an arey of industries are developing variations of driverless tractors that would turn a century-old machines over to robots and free farmers to do other work without having to hire someone to take their place. Using ever-more sophisticated software coupled with off-the-shelf technology including sensors, radar, and GPS, the system allows an operator working a combine to set the course of a driverless tractor pulling a grain cart, position the cart to receive the grain from the combine, and then send the fully loaded cart to be unloaded. Autonomous harvesters and planters may possibly overcome the problem of an inadequate supply of skilled labor during planting and harvesting, allow more acreage to be worked for longer time periods, demonstrate higher efficiency for precision agriculture and could prove more economical, especially if they work continuously.
Hortibot or weeding robot
Danish agricultural engineers have built a robot to help farmers with weeds - Hortibot. The Hortibot is about 3-foot-by-3-foot, is self-propelled, and uses global positioning system (GPS). It can recognize 25 different kinds of weeds and eliminate them by using its weed-removing attachments. It's eco-friendly, because it sprays exactly above the weeds (it can reduce herbicide usage by 75 percent). As machine is light - between 200 and 300 kilograms - it won't hurt soil behind it. It's also cheaper than tools currently used for weed-elimination as it can work during extended periods of time.
The future of automated agriculture is here. While the fear of unemployment caused by robots may worry many citizens of cities and suburbs, in the country, at least, the ability to take over more and more farm work may prove a blessing. Artificial intelligence can fill the current manpower shortage and change the face of agriculture by increasing efficiency, reducing production costs of vegetables and fruits, minimizing environmental impacts and harvesting more.
Author: AI.Business

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture. Part 1: How Farming is Going Automated with Robots

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The global population is expected to reach 9 billion people by 2050, which means double agricultural production in order to meet food demands. Farm enterprises require new and innovative technologies to face and overcome these challenges. Artificial intelligence robotics is one of these technologies that promises to provide a solution.

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AI and machine learning are all the rage across a range of technology and industrial sectors. Now, the U.S. military is gauging the prospects for leveraging machine learning and other tools in autonomous weapons via emerging human-machine interfaces.

In describing the latest version of the Pentagon’s “offset strategy,” senior U.S. defense officials have in recent months highlighted the military’s desire to leverage AI to develop autonomous weapons. That, Robert Work, deputy U.S. defense secretary, noted in a recent address, “is going to lead to a new era of human-machine collaboration and combat teaming.

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How is Al being used for space exploration?

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How is Al being used for space exploration?

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There is a surge of interest in artificial intelligence (AI), which is my area of research, thanks to the recent victory of the Alpha GO algorithm over a human champion.

Arguably the most famous AI in fictional universes, at least for space geeks like myself or movie lovers, would be HAL 9000 in 2001 Space Odyssey. The human-comparable machine intelligence was on-board Discovery on a Jupiter mission as the sixth crew member. It was a very memorable scene when HAL 9000 sang Daisy Bell as it was deactivated by David Bowman.

In the real universe, AI has already played important roles in space exploration. We are still far behind HAL 9000. However, I am confident that it will play increasingly greater roles in future exploration missions. In this article I will overview the current status of AI in space exploration, as well as expectations for the future.

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The number of intelligence (A.I.) systems used in infotainment and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) systems will jump from 7 million in 2015 to 122 million by 2025, according to a new IHS Technology report.

IHS's Automotive Electronics Roadmap Report found the install rate of A.I.-based systems in new vehicles was just 8% in 2015, and the vast majority were focused on speech recognition, according to IHS. However, that number is forecast to rise to 109% in 2025, as there will be multiple A.I. systems of various types installed in many cars.

"An artificial-intelligence system continuously learns from experience and by its ability to discern and recognize its surroundings," Luca De Ambroggi, IHS Technology's principal analyst for automotive semiconductors, said in a statement. "It learns, as human beings do, from real sounds, images and other sensory inputs. The system recognizes the car's environment and evaluates the contextual implications for the moving car."

Audi

A prototype Audi A7 with self-driving technology is seen during testing on the A9 autobahn in Germany in May 2016.

A.I.-based systems will grow to become standard in new vehicles over the next five years -- especially in these two categories:

1. Infotainment human-machine interface, including speech recognition, gesture recognition (such as handwriting recognition), eye tracking and driver monitoring, virtual assistance and natural language interfaces.

2. ADAS and autonomous vehicles, including camera-based machine vision systems, radar-based detection units, driver condition evaluation and sensor fusion engine control units (ECU).

As in-vehicle infotainment systems and ADAS increase in complexity, Ambroggi said, there is a growing need for hardware and software that support artificial intelligence and can emulate the functions of the human brain.

In ADAS, deep learning -- which mimics human neural networks -- presents several advantages over traditional algorithms; it is also a key milestone on the road to fully autonomous vehicles, IHS stated in its report.

"For example, deep learning allows detection and recognition of multiple objects, improves perception, reduces power consumption, supports object classification, enables recognition and prediction of actions, and will reduce development time of ADAS systems," IHS's report stated.

By 2020, Gartner predicts, there will be 250 million cars connected to each other and to the infrastructure around them via Wi-Fi systems that will allow vehicles to communicate with each other and the roadways.

As the amount of information being fed into IVI units or telematics systems grows, vehicles will be able to capture and share not only internal systems status and location data, but also changes in surroundings in real time, according to Gartner analyst Thilo Koslowski.

Daimler

Daimler unveiled its autonomous 18-wheeler last year during a ceremony at the Hoover Dam. The Freightliner Inspiration Truck, a concept truck, underwent extensive testing, Daimler said, before the Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles granted it a license to operate on public roads in the state. Last year, the truck was driven more than 10,000 miles during a test in Germany.

Earlier this month, Gil Pratt, CEO of Toyota Research Institute, said the vast majority of mainstream vehicles adopting autonomous driving features will be controlled by ADAS or "guardian angels" that learn your driving behaviors and new road conditions and how to react to them over time.

Speaking at the New England Motor Press Association Technology Conference at MIT, Pratt said auto makers are more focused on assisting drivers for years to come instead of producing fully autonomous vehicles that take the steering wheel from drivers.

A lot of the discussion among automakers and within their R&D organizations involve how much control the car should have.

For example, Pratt said, your car may someday warn you several times about a particularly dangerous driving habit you have before taking control of the wheel.

"If you love to drive, the idea of a chauffeur is not fun," Pratt said. "Driver skills are ignored with a chauffeur; with guardian angel technology, you're augmenting human driving skills."

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Here's how A.I. is about to make your car really smart

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The number of intelligence (A.I.) systems used in infotainment and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) systems will jump from 7 million in 2015 to 122 million by 2025, according to a new IHS Technology report.

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Artificial Intelligence - Robotics Technology

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The term "artificial intelligence" is defined as systems that combine sophisticated hardware and software with elaborate databases and knowledge-based processing models to demonstrate characteristics of effective human decision making.