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The Luddites were a group of people in the 19th century who responded to industrialization by destroying machinery.

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Quote from Human Documents of the Industrial revolution in Britain pg 60-61

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Quote from Human Documents of the Industrial revolution in Britain pg 60-61

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"Not only is there not a breath of sweet air in these truly infernal scenes, but . . . there is the abominable and pernicious stink of the gas to assist in the murderous effects of the heat.  In addition to the noxious effluvia of the gas, mixed with the steam, there are the dust, and what is called cotton-flyings or fuz, which the unfortunate creatures have to inhale"

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[Quoted from Pike, Human Documents of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, 60-61, by Duiker and Spielvogel, World History, 780.] 

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[Quoted from Pike, Human Documents of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, 60-61, by Duiker and Spielvogel, World History, 780.] 

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"the notorious fact is that well constitutioned men are rendered old and past labour at forty years of age, and that children are rendered decrepit and deformed, and thousands upon thousands of them slaughtered by consumptions, before they arrive at the age of sixteen. "

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Workers named factories the dark satanic mills due to the severity of the working conditions

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Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: http://pastoralplanning.com/23rdBookParts/CatholicSocialTeaching_SAMPLE.pdf [Accessed 18 Aug. 2016].

Australian Catholic Social Justice Council, (2016). [online] Available at: http://www.socialjustice.catholic.org.au/files/Social-Teaching/Rerum_Novarum.pdf [Accessed 18 Aug. 2016].

Bbc.co.uk. (2016). BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Working conditions in factories. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/shp/britishsociety/livingworkingconditionsrev1.shtml [Accessed 4 Aug. 2016].

Pike, E. (1966). Human documents of the industrial revolution in Britain. London: George Allen & Unwin.

Poddar, A. (2016). Working and Living Conditions. [online] The Industrial Revolution. Available at: http://firstindustrialrevolution.weebly.com/working-and-living-conditions.html [Accessed 4 Aug. 2016].

wiliam, S. (2016). Employment, The impact of the Industrial Revolution, Industrial revolution, SOSE: History Year 9, NSW | Online Education Home Schooling Skwirk Australia. [online] Skwirk.com. Available at: http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-14_u-424_t-1100_c-4254/employment/nsw/employment/the-industrial-revolution/the-impact-of-the-industrial-revolution [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016].

Wilson, J. (2013). Oxford big ideas history 9. South Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford University Press.

W2.vatican.va. (2016). Rerum Novarum (May 15, 1891) | LEO XIII. [online] Available at: http://w2.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_15051891_rerum-novarum.html [Accessed 18 Aug. 2016].

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Explain some of the reforms that occurred during the industrial
revolution 

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Explain some of the reforms that occurred during the industrial
revolution 

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Later on during the Industrial Revolution, the working conditions began to improve. When more influential figures involved themselves in the treatment of the workers, it was then that working conditions began to improve. For example, the government of Great Britain released a series of reforms called the Factory Acts which were related to the issue of poor working conditions. In 1850 the Factory Act limited the working hours of children and women to ten and a half hours a day, between 6:00am to 6:00pm. After 1874 workers weren’t permitted to work more than 56.5 hours a week (Wiliam, 2016). These reforms occurred, because significant figures in this time such as the Pope, the church and people in parliament became involved. These figures were able to make difference on the treatment of the working class as no one in this time would listen to those of lower class ranking (Wilson, 2013).

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Discuss the teachings and scripture that inform the response

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Discuss the teachings and scripture that inform the response

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The bible scriptures John 13:16 and Colossians 4:1, inform and provide biblical evidence to support Pope Leo XIII’s message in the Rerum Novarum. In sections 31-32, Pope Leo XIII mentions how everyone regardless of what class they are in deserves to be treated fairly. (Australian Catholic Social Justice Council, 2016). Evidence of this in John 13:16 can be found when Jesus states, “Very truly I tell you, no servant is greater than his master, nor is a messenger greater than the one who sent him.” (Bible Gateway, 2016). This scripture supports his statements, because it focuses on the message, of how no one is of greater value because of their social placement. Another Bible passage that conveys this message is Colossians 4:1, “Masters, treat your slaves justly and fairly, knowing that you also have a Master in heaven.” The message in the Bible passage Colossians 4:1 is that employers need to treat their employees fairly and justly as no one is other greater value because we all have the same master who is in heaven. In summary, Pope Leo XIII constructed the Rerum Novarum so that the messages of Jesus’ teachings can also be seen in the Rerum Novarum. Therefore the Rerum Novarum is more credible because it reflects the words of Jesus himself.

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Analyse the Rerum Novarum’s response to this issue

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Analyse the Rerum Novarum’s response to this issue

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Sections 31-32 of the Rerum Novarum aim to address the poor treatment of the working class and how it is demoralising. Pope Leo XIII focuses on how the lack of respect and unfair treatment that is shown to the working class; needs to change in order to promote a harmonious society. He does this by relating statements from the Rerum Novarum to that of Jesus’ teachings. Sections 31-32 focus on the teaching that everyone is worthy of human life and everyone deserves to be treated equally.  (Australian Catholic Social Justice Council, 2016). This can be seen when the Pope Leo XIII states, “the more that is done for the benefit of the working classes…the less needed will there be to seek for special means to relieve them.” Pope Leo XIII aimed to achieve equal treatment for the poor and working classes, as at this stage the rich were treated as if they were of higher importance than that of the lower classes. In conclusion, this section of the Rerum Novarum focuses on how the current treatment of the working class is immoral and how this issue has to be addressed in order for society to move forth.

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Textiles workers (mostly women) during the Industrial Revolution

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Textiles workers (mostly women) during the Industrial Revolution

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Outline the effect of this social justice issue on society

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Outline the effect of this social justice issue on society

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The poor working conditions during the Industrial Revolution, led to numerous accidents and deaths in the work place and diminished the health of many employees. By the age of 40 working men were rendered decrepit and deformed and many working children died of consumption before the age of 16, (Pike, 1966). Brutal working conditions of this time caused many deaths, injuries and health issues within in the workers. These conditions even quoted, that there was “not a breath of sweet air in these truly infernal scenes” (Pike, 1966). Despite the harshness of these conditions the workers were still helpless as striking was banned and trade unions were illegal.

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Employees (mostly children) during the Industrial Revolution

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Employees (mostly children) during the Industrial Revolution

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Explain the cause of the social justice issue in society

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Explain the cause of the social justice issue in society

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During the Industrial Revolution working conditions were unjust due to employers prioritizing money over treating their employees respectfully. In this era, working conditions were so poor that factories became known as “the dark satanic mills” (Pike, 1966). In some factories, workers experienced conditions with little sunlight, machines that spit out smoke and little safety precautions, (Poddar, 2016). The Employers sought to control their workforce by bringing about long working hours, poor wages and fines. When mines and factories were created there was a high enough demand for work that they employees would work in anything as long as they got paid; the employers used this to their advantage (BBC- GCSE Bitesize, 2016). In conclusion, working conditions during the industrial revolution could summed up as terrible and the main cause behind this was that employers were more focused on being successful rather fairly treating the employees.