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task 1:
Q1: It is a natural event or occurrence where a piece of land (or area) that is usually dry land, suddenly gets submerged under water. Some floods can occur suddenly and recede quickly. Others take days or even months to build and discharge.
Q2:  floods are both benificial and damaging to the enviroment. it is benifucial for the farmers crop but it cause deaths to thousands of people also destroys building and houses.
task 2:
1. japan
2. flash flood

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British Floods & Storms UK Weather England & Scotland & Wales 2014

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NEW 10th September Japan 鉄砲水 Terrifying Flash Flood  イエスが救い主であります Endtimes

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10th September JAPAN Flash Floods END TIMES SIGNS Dramatic helicopter rescues unfolded on live television in Japan Thursday as a flood-swollen river breached a levee, sending raging floodwaters into a neighborhood north of Tokyo and leaving dozens of residents trapped on the roofs or upper floors of their homes.

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1. floods are overflow of water  submerge onto the land that are usually dry
2. Flood can be both harmful and beneficial. Floods are harmful to the people as it cause them homeless and would destroy buildings. It can be beneficial as floods are usually in dry country and would give the people water to drink.
Task 2

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10/4/2015 Ocean City, MD Coast Flooding Waves

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Hurricane Joaquin continues to put distance between the U.S. East Coast, but its effects are being felt all up and down the coast. With historic flooding continuing across South Carolina, coastal flooding is being recorded all the way up into the Delmarva Peninsula.

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1. Floods Are Water Overflowing in a certain space.
2.Floods Can Be Both Benefical And Harmful to people because some countries need flood to farm but it can be haarmful as some countries are not prepare for floods.

2. Type of Flood : Coastal FLood
Location UK, Britian ,Scotland,wales

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Flooded Britain 2014 P2 British Floods & Storms UK Weather England & Scotland & Wales 2014

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Floods are most usually dangerous as if the levels of the water get too high people will start drowning and houses cars and much more will get drifting away and or cause property damage.Flood is always a damaging and devastating disaster for Bangladesh. As it is a very low-lying country with 70% of its land less than 1m above sea level and 80% of it floodplains. The country receives large amounts of water passing through it by two major rivers (the Ganges and Brahmaputra) converging with tributaries on the huge delta formed from silt deposited by the same rivers as they entered the sea. Both rivers have large volumes of water flowing through them to the sea as they have large drainage basins which increase the flood risk.

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Flooding - Causes, effects and solutions

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1)floods is an pverflow of large amount of water beyond its limit especially over a dry land.

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1)floods is an pverflow of large amount of water beyond its limit especially over a dry land.

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2)Floods can be harmful and beneficial as it causes alot of people to be homeless and beneficial for farmers

3)indonesia
Flash flood

Reuben

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Venice of Asia - Indonesia's Jakarta Worst Flood in History January 2013 (Global News)

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I did not make this video. It was created by a friend of mine who gave me permission to post it on my global news channel. I think it was also posted on his youtube channel. It was just amazing to see how much damage a lot of water could do.

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flood are water which overflows from river banks and hits nearest areas.thats river flood.the other on is when there is no are or space for water to leave,t creates and destrroy area where it hits2 flood are both benefical and damaging as flood help for farming when there is no rain for a long preiod

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flood are water which overflows from river banks and hits nearest areas.thats river flood.the other on is when there is no are or space for water to leave,t creates and destrroy area where it hits2 flood are both benefical and damaging as flood help for farming when there is no rain for a long preiod

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this vido this fxtreme weathers thxrom e

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Flood | World's Deadliest Floods | Facts, Causes, Mystery, Effects of Flooding | Full Documentary

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A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land which is usually dry. The European Union (EU) Floods Directive defines a flood as a covering by water of land not normally covered by water. In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide.

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task 1:
1. floods are overflows of large amount of large amount of water beyond its limits especially over a dry land

2. floods can be both beneficial and damaging to the environment as its takes away lives and destroy houses however, floods can also help in crops as it helps them grow much faster.

task2:
1. southern utah
2. flash flood

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Amazing Flash Flood / Debris Flow Southern Utah HD

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THERE WAS A BOY NAME BOB HE LIVED IN BANGLADESH AND LEARNED HOW TO SWIM LIKE A FISH HE EAT POTATOES AND LOVES TRAINS
BUT ONE DAY THERE WAS A LARGE RAIN
THE RAIN CREATED A LARGE POOL FOR BOB
AT THE EXPENSE OF THE BANGLA LOCALS

WHO CARES BOB LOVES TO SWIM. HE FED THE FISHES WITH POTATOES AND ATE THE FISHES.

ONE DAY BOB MET A BOY NAMED JOHN. HE LOOKED TASTY SO BOB ATE JOHN.
TURNS OUT BOB IS A LIVING PIRAHNA HE ATE JOHN TO THE BONES.

BUT ANOTHER JOHN APPEARED

ITS JOHNNNNNN CENNNAAAAAAA

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task1 :
1. floods are an overflow amount of water beyond its normal limits especially over a dry land

2. yes floods can be both beneficial and damaging to the environment. our crops ,the floods actually helps it to grow faster, however it can take away lives and destroy houses.

task 2:
1.southern utah
2.flash flood

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Amazing Flash Flood / Debris Flow Southern Utah HD

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1)floods is an pverflow of large amount of water beyond its limit especially over a dry land.

2)floods are both beneficial and damging and it can destroy the people housing and their source of food. This results to the people becoming homeless.it is beneficial because this can helps people who grow crops . Floods carry nutrients that are deposited in the plain.

Task 2
●Australia
●flood surge

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Task 2
1.South Africa
2. Flash floods

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Incredible Flash Flood in Madikwe, South Africa | 17 03 2016

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Madikwe Hills Game Reserve Madikwe, North-West, South Africa

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Ray Lee
Task 1:
1. Floods are cause by huge downpour and it occurs mostly in undeveloped countries.
2. Floods are both beneficial and damaging as it causes everything to be destroyed and it is beneficial as when the country has not have rain in many days.
Task 2:
1.Singapore
2.Flash flood

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Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.

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1) Floods are something that occurs when water overflows or inundates land thats normally dry.

2)Floods can be both beneficial and damaging to the people and environment. It is beneficial because floods nutrients and sediment which are deposited on food plains and enriching the soil. It is damaging because, road, bridges , farms and houses are destroyed and due to that people can become homeless. And it takes years for the government and affected communities to build back their shelters.

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1. Floods are

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The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Geographically, it is positioned between the Indian subcontinent and the Indochinese peninsula, located below the Bengal region (based on which the bay was named during the British Raj). It is the largest water region called a bay in the world.

The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Bay of Bengal as follows:

On the east: A line running from Cape Negrais (16°03'N) in Burma through the larger islands of the Andaman group, in such a way that all the narrow waters between the islands lie Eastward of the line and are excluded from the Bay of Bengal, as far as a point in Little Andaman Island in latitude 10°48'N, longitude 92°24'E and thence along the Southwest limit of the Burma Sea [A line running from "Oedjong Raja" ["Ujung Raja" or "Point Raja"] () in Sumatra to Poeloe Bras (Breuëh) and on through the Western Islands of the Nicobar Group to Sandy Point in Little Andaman Island, in such a way that all the narrow waters appertain to the Burma Sea].

Note: Oedjong means " cape" in Dutch language on maps of the Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia).

The bay gets its name from the historical Bengal region (modern-day Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and the Barak valley of Southern Assam). In Ancient Indian scriptures, this water body may have been referred to as 'Mahodadhi' ( Sanskrit: महोदधि, lit. 'Great water receptacle'). Ancient Greeks called it Sinus Gangeticus or Gangeticus Sinus ( Ancient Greek: Κόλπος Γαγγητικός), meaning "Gulf of the Ganges", and old European maps continued to use this name.

The other Sanskrit names for Bay of Bengal are 'Vaṅgopasāgara' (Sanskrit: वङ्गोपसागर, lit. 'Bengal Sub-sea or Bengal Bay'), 'Vaṅgasāgara' (Sanskrit: वङ्गसागर, lit. 'Bengal Sea'), 'Pūrvapayodhi' (Sanskrit: पूर्वपयोधि, lit.  'Eastern Ocean').

Ross Island, in the Andamans, was one of the main naval bases of India during World War II

In ancient Classical India, the Bay of Bengal was known as Kalinga Sagar ( Kalinga Sea).

Northern Circars occupied the western coast of the Bay of Bengal and is now considered to be India's Odisha and Andhra Pradesh state. Chola dynasty (9th century to 12th century) when ruled by Rajaraja Chola I and Rajendra Chola I occupied and controlled the Bay of Bengal with Chola Navy circa AD 1014, the Bay of Bengal was also called the Chola Sea or Chola Lake.

The Kakatiya dynasty reached the western coastline of the Bay of Bengal between the Godavari and the Krishna rivers. Kushanas about the middle of the 1st century AD invaded northern India perhaps extending as far as the Bay of Bengal. Chandragupta Maurya extended the Maurya Dynasty across northern India to the Bay of Bengal. Hajipur was a stronghold for Portuguese Pirates. In the 16th century the Portuguese built trading posts in the north of the Bay of Bengal at Chittagong (Porto Grande) and Satgaon (Porto Pequeno).

The earliest sign of Muslims in the region came from the textile trade routes where one targeted the east Arabian Sea influencing migration of Arabs and Persians and another to the west causing Buddhist Bengalis to culturally mix with Islam.

The Shore Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site on the shore of the Bay of Bengal.

In alphabetical order:

Antarvedi is a popular place of worship Southern India, in Konaseema district of Andhra Pradesh devoted to Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple. This is the place where one of the distributaries of Godavari River meets the Bay of Bengal.

Arikamedu is an archaeological site in Southern India, in Kakkayanthope, Ariyankuppam Commune, Puducherry. It is 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from the capital, Pondicherry of the Indian territory of Puducherry

British penal colony: Cellular Jail or "Black Waters" built in 1896 on Ross Island, a part of the Andaman Island Chain. As early as 1858 this island was used as a British penal colony for political prisoners facing life imprisonment.[better source needed ]

Buddhist heritage sites of Pavurallakonda, Thotlakonda and Bavikonda lie along the coast of Bay of Bengal at Visakhapatnam in India.

Konark is the home of the Sun Temple or Black Pagoda. This Brahman sanctuary was built of black granite mid-1200 AD and has been declared a World Heritage Site.

Jagannath Temple at Puri is one of the four sacred places in Hindu pilgrimage along with Puri beach on the banks of Bay of Bengal. Mahodadhi was named after Lord Jagannath.

Ramanathaswamy Temple is at Dhanushkodi, where the Bay of Bengal and the Gulf of Mannar come together.

Seven Pagodas of Mahabalipuram is the name for Mahabalipuram. Mahabalipuram's Shore Temple, a World Heritage Site was constructed in the 8th century AD and myth has it that six other temples were built here.

Sri Vaisakheswara Swamy temple lies two kilometers from the Visakhapatnam coast under the Bay of Bengal's sea bed. Spokespeople from Andhra University Centre for Marine Archaeology say the temple may be opposite the Coastal Battery.

Vivekanandar Illam was constructed in 1842 by the American "Ice King" Frederic Tudor to store and market ice year round. In 1897, Swami Vivekananda's famous lectures were recorded here at Castle Kernan. The site is an exhibition devoted to Swami Vivekananda and his legacy.[citation needed ]

Maritime archaeology or marine archaeology is the study of how ancient peoples interacted with the sea and waterways. A specialized branch, archaeology of shipwrecks, studies the salvaged artifacts of ancient ships. Stone anchors, amphorae shards, elephant tusks, hippopotamus teeth, ceramic pottery, a rare wood mast and lead ingots are examples which may survive submerged for centuries for archaeologists to discover, study, and place their salvaged findings into the timeline of history. Coral reefs, tsunamis, cyclones, mangrove swamps, battles, and a criss-cross of sea routes in a high trading area combined with piracy have all contributed to shipwrecks in the Bay of Bengal.

In chronological order:

1778 to 1783: The Naval operations in the American Revolutionary War or American War of Independence ranged as far as the Bay of Bengal.

1850: American clipper brig Eagle is supposed to have sunk in the Bay of Bengal.

American Baptist missionary Adoniram Judson died 12 April 1850 and was buried at sea in the Bay of Bengal.

1855: The Bark "Incredible" struck on a sunken rock in the Bay of Bengal.

1865: a gale dismasted the Euterpe while traversing the Bay of Bengal typhoon.

1875: Veleda - 76 m (250 ft) long and 15 m (50 ft) wide. It is part of a current salvage operation.

1914: September 10 - SS Indus: A steamship that was captured and scuttled by SMS Emden.

1942: Japanese cruiser Yura of the Second Expeditionary Fleet, Malay Force, attacked merchant ships in the Bay of Bengal.

1971: December 3 - Pakistan Navy submarine PNS Ghazi sunk under mysterious circumstances, near Visakhapatnam, in the Bay of Bengal.

One of the first trading ventures along the Bay of Bengal was The Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies, more commonly referred to as the British East India Company. Gopalpur-on-Sea was one of their main trading centers. Other trading companies along the Bay of Bengal shorelines were the English East India Company and the French East India Company.

BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) supports free trade internationally around the Bay of Bengal between Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.

The Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project is a new venture proposed which would create a channel for a shipping route to link the Gulf of Mannar with the Bay of Bengal. This would connect India from east to west without the necessity of going around Sri Lanka.

Thoni and catamaran fishing boats of fishing villages thrive along the Bay of Bengal shorelines. Fishermen can catch between 26 and 44 species of marine fish. In one year, the average catch is two million tons of fish from the Bay of Bengal alone. Approximately 31% of the world's coastal fishermen live and work on the bay.

The Bay of Bengal is centrally located in South and Southeast Asia. It lies at the center of two huge economic blocks, the SAARC and ASEAN. It influences China's southern landlocked region in the north and major sea ports of Bangladesh and India. China, India, and Bangladesh have forged naval cooperation agreements with Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia to increase cooperation in checking terrorism in the high seas. The Bay of Bengal's connection of South Asia to East Asia has aided in Bangladesh's efficiency of distributing natural gas to the Asia Pacific.

Image of United States ships participating in the Malabar 2007 naval exercise. Aegis cruisers from the navies of Japan and Australia, and logistical support ships from Singapore and India in the Bay of Bengal took part.

Its outlying islands (the Andaman and Nicobar Islands) and, most importantly, major ports such as Chittagong, Mongla, Payra, Paradip, Kolkata, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, and Tuticorin, along its coast with the Bay of Bengal added to its importance.

China has recently made efforts to project influence into the region through tie-ups with Myanmar and Bangladesh. The United States has held major exercises with Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and recently India. The largest ever wargame in Bay of Bengal, known as Malabar 2007, was held in 2007 and naval warships from the United States, India, Singapore, Japan and Australia took part.

Large deposits of natural gas in the areas within Bangladesh's sea zone incited a serious urgency by India and Myanmar into a territorial dispute. Disputes over rights of some oil and gas blocks have caused brief diplomatic spats between Myanmar and India with Bangladesh.

The disputed maritime boundary between Bangladesh and Myanmar resulted in military tensions in 2008 and 2009. The maritime dispute between Bangladesh and Myanmar settled in 2012 through the judgement of ITLOS.In 2014, the dispute between India and Bangladesh was also settled in which the UN tribunal awarded Bangladesh 19,467 sq. km of the 25,602 sq. km sea area of the Bay of Bengal.

The Bay of Bengal in the stretch of Swargadwar, the gateway to heaven in Sanskrit, in the Indian town of Puri is considered holy by Hindus.

Samudra arati or worship of the sea by disciples of the Govardhan Matha at Puri

The Samudra arati is a daily tradition started by the present Shankaracharya of Puri 9 years ago to honour the sacred sea. The daily practise includes prayer and fire offering to the sea at Swargadwar in Puri by disciples of the Govardhana matha of the Shankaracharya. On Paush Purnima of every year the Shankaracharya himself comes out to offer prayers to the sea.

The Sunderbans bordering the Bay of Bengal is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world.[38]

Cox's Bazar, the longest stretch of beach in the world.[39]

Havelock Island, Andaman Islands

The islands in the bay are numerous, including the Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands and Mergui Archipelago of India and Myanmar. The Cheduba group of islands, in the north-east, off the Burmese coast, are remarkable for a chain of mud volcanoes, which are occasionally active.

Great Andaman is the main archipelago or island group of the Andaman Islands, whereas Ritchie's Archipelago consists of smaller islands. Only 37, or 6.5%, of the 572 islands and islets of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are inhabited.

The Ganga-Brahmaputra-Barak rivers deposit nearly 1000 million tons of sediment every year. The sediment from these three rivers form the Bengal Delta and the submarine fan, a vast structure that extends from Bengal to south of the Equator, is up to 16.5 kilometres (10.3 mi) thick, and contains at least 1,130 trillion tonnes of sediment, which has accumulated over the last 17 million years at an average rate of 665 million tons per annum. The fan has buried organic carbon at a rate of nearly 1.1 trillion mol/yr (13.2 million t/yr) since the early Miocene period. The three rivers currently contribute nearly 8% of the total organic carbon (TOC) deposited in the world's oceans. Due to high TOC accumulation in the deep sea bed of the Bay of Bengal, the area is rich in oil and natural gas and gas hydrate reserves. Bangladesh can reclaim land substantially and economically gain from the sea area by constructing sea dikes, bunds, causeways and by trapping the sediment from its rivers.

Further southwest of Bengal, the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri Rivers also flow from west to east across Deccan Plateau in Peninsular India and drain into the Bay of Bengal forming deltas. Many small rivers also drain directly into the Bay of Bengal forming estuaries; the shortest of them is the Cooum River at 64 km (40 mi).

While Myanmar's Irrawaddy River flows into the Andaman Sea, sediment from the river is found in the eastern Bay of Bengal.

The city of Visakhapatnam in India is a major port of the Bay of Bengal.

In alphabetical order

The lithosphere of the earth is broken up into what are called tectonic plates. Underneath the Bay of Bengal, which is part of the great Indo-Australian Plate and is slowly moving north east. This plate meets the Burma Microplate at the Sunda Trench. The Nicobar Islands and the Andaman Islands are part of the Burma Microplate. The India Plate subducts beneath the Burma Plate at the Sunda Trench or Java Trench. Here, the pressure of the two plates on each other increase pressure and temperature resulting in the formation of volcanoes such as the volcanoes in Myanmar, and a volcanic arc called the Sunda Arc. The Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and Asian tsunami was a result of the pressure at this zone causing a submarine earthquake which then resulted in a destructive tsunami.

Bay of Bengal near Tenneti Park, Visakhapatnam.

A zone 50 m wide extending from the island of Sri Lanka and the Coromandel coast to the head of the bay, and thence southwards through a strip embracing the Andaman and Nicobar islands, is bounded by the 100 fathom line of sea bottom; some 50 m. beyond this lies the 500-fathom limit. Opposite the mouth of the Ganges, however, the intervals between these depths are very much extended by deltaic influence.

Swatch of No Ground is a 14 km-wide deep sea canyon of the Bay of Bengal. The deepest recorded area of this valley is about 1340 m. The submarine canyon is part of the Bengal Fan, the largest submarine fan in the world.

Submarine fan is also known as abyssal fan. Bay of Bengal fan, known as Bengal Fan, also known as the Ganges Fan is world's largest abyssal fan, also known as deep-sea fans, underwater deltas, and submarine fans. The fan is about 3,000 km (1,900 mi) long, 1,430 km (890 mi) wide with a maximum thickness of 16.5 km (10.3 mi). The fan resulted from the uplift and erosion of the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau produced by the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. Most of the sediment is supplied by the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers which supply the Lower Meghna delta in Bangladesh and the Hoogly delta in West Bengal (India). Several other large rivers in Bangladesh and India provide smaller contributions. Turbidity currents have transported the sediment through a series of submarine canyons, some of which are more than 2,400 kilometres (1,500 mi) in length, to be deposited in the Bay of Bengal up to 30 degrees latitude from where it began. To date, the oldest sediments recovered from the Bengal fan are from Early Miocene age. Their mineralogical and geochemical characteristics allow to identify their Himalayan origin and demonstrate that the Himalaya was already a major mountain range 20 million years ago.

The fan completely covers the floor of the Bay of Bengal. It is bordered to the west by the continental slope of eastern India, to the north by the continental slope of Bangladesh and to east by the northern part of Sunda Trench off Myanmar and the Andaman Islands, the accretionary wedge associated with subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate beneath the Sunda Plate and continues along the west side of the Ninety East Ridge. The Nicobar Fan, another lobe of the fan, lies east of the Ninety East Ridge.

The fan is now being explored as a possible source of fossil fuels for the surrounding developing nations.

The fan was first identified by bathymetric survey in the sixties by Bruce C. Heezen and Marie Tharp which identified the abyssal cone and canyon structures. It was delineated and named by Joseph Curray and David Moore following a geological and geophysical survey in 1968.

Coastal regions bordering the Bay of Bengal are rich in minerals. Sri Lanka, Serendib, or Ratna - Dweepa which means Gem Island. Amethyst, beryl, ruby, sapphire, topaz, and garnet are just some of the gems of Sri Lanka. Garnet and other precious gems are also found in abundance in the Indian states of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. A 2014 study found that as a result of ocean acidification, there was reduced shell thickness of marine animals and breaking strength compared to normal shells. The study also showed that the pH in Bay of Bengal fell to 7.75 compared in 1994 when it averaged 7.95.

From January to October, the current is northward flowing, and the clockwise circulation pattern is called the "East Indian Current". The Bay of Bengal monsoon moves in a northwest direction striking the Nicobar Islands, and the Andaman Islands first end of May, then coast of Mainland India by end of June.

The remainder of the year, the counterclockwise current is southwestward flowing, and the circulation pattern is called the East Indian Winter Jet. September and December see very active weather, season varsha (or monsoon), in the Bay of Bengal producing severe cyclones which affect eastern India. Several efforts have been initiated to cope with storm surge.

Marine biology, flora and fauna

A spinner dolphin in Bay of Bengal

Tachypleus gigas in Odisha

The Bay of Bengal is full of biological diversity, diverging amongst coral reefs, estuaries, fish spawning and nursery areas, and mangroves. The Bay of Bengal is one of the World's 64 largest marine ecosystems.

Kerilia jerdonii is a sea snake of the Bay of Bengal. Glory of Bengal cone (Conus bengalensis) is just one of the seashells which can be photographed along beaches of the Bay of Bengal. An endangered species, the olive ridley sea turtle can survive because of the nesting grounds made available at the Gahirmatha Marine Wildlife Sanctuary, Gahirmatha Beach, Odisha, India. Marlin, barracuda, skipjack tuna, (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna, Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin (Sousa chinensis), and Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni) are a few of the marine animals. Bay of Bengal hogfish (Bodianus neilli) is a type of wrasse which live in turbid lagoon reefs or shallow coastal reefs. Schools of dolphins can be seen, whether they are the bottle nose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) or the spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris). Tuna and dolphins usually reside in the same waters. In shallower and warmer coastal waters the Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) can be found.

The Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve provides sanctuary to many animals some of which include the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), giant leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), and Malayan box turtle (Cuora amboinensis kamaroma) to name a few.

Another endangered species royal Bengal tiger is supported by Sundarbans a large estuarine delta that holds a mangrove area in the Ganges River Delta.

A transboundary issue is defined as an environmental problem in which either the cause of the problem and/or its impact is separated by a national boundary; or the problem contributes to a global environmental problem and finding regional solutions is considered to be a global environmental benefit. The eight Bay of Bengal countries have (2012) identified three major transboundary problems (or areas of concern) affecting the health of the Bay, that they can work on together. With the support of the Bay Of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project (BOBLME), the eight countries are now (2012) developing responses to these issues and their causes, for future implementation as the Strategic Action Programme.

Some small fishing boats are catching fish & sell them in local coastal markets.

The Bay of Bengal is an area of high biodiversity, with many endangered and vulnerable species. The major transboundary issues relating to habitats are: the loss and degradation of mangrove habitats; degradation of coral reefs; and the loss of, and damage to, seagrasses. The transboundary nature of these major issues are: that all three critical habitats occur in all BOBLME countries. Coastal development for several varying uses of the land and sea are common in all BOBLME countries. Trade in products from all the habitats is transboundary in nature. Climate change impacts are shared by all BOBLME countries. The main causes of the issues are: food security needs of the coastal poor; lack of coastal development plans; increasing trade in products from coastal habitats; coastal development and industrialization; ineffective marine protected areas and lack of enforcement; upstream development that affects water-flow; intensive upstream agricultural practices; and increasing tourism.

The Asian brown cloud, a layer of air pollution that covers much of South Asia and the Indian Ocean every year between January and March, and possibly also during earlier and later months, hangs over the Bay of Bengal. It is considered to be a combination of vehicle exhaust, smoke from cooking fires, and industrial discharges. Because of this cloud, satellites attempting to track ocean acidification and other ocean health indicators in the Bay have difficulty obtaining accurate measurements.

The major transboundary issues relating to pollution and water quality are: sewage-borne pathogens and organic load; solid waste/marine litter; increasing nutrient inputs; oil pollution; persistent organic pollutants ( POPs) and persistent toxic substances (PTSs); sedimentation; and heavy metals. The transboundary nature of these issues are: discharge of untreated/partially treated sewage being a common problem. Sewage and organic discharges from the Ganges- Brahmaputra- Meghna River are likely to be transboundary. Plastics and derelict fishing gear can be transported long distances across national boundaries. Around 4 million tonnes of microplastics are estimated to come from India and Bangladesh travelling into Sundurban and subsequently the Bay of Bengal. High nutrient discharges from rivers could intensify largescale hypoxia. Atmospheric transport of nutrients is inherently transboundary. Differences between countries with regard to regulation and enforcement of shipping discharges may drive discharges across boundaries. Tar balls are transported long distances. POPs/PTSs and mercury, including organo-mercury, undergo long-range transport. Sedimentation and most heavy metal contamination tend to be localized and lack a strong transboundary dimension. The main causes of the issues are: increasing coastal population density and urbanization; higher consumption, resulting in more waste generated per person; insufficient funds allocated to waste management; migration of industry into BOBLME countries; and proliferation of small industries. A pertinent issue is the rapid growth of the shrimp culture industry which requires use of antibiotics and chemicals for export-quality food safety but pollutes the Bay of Bengal.

Cyclone Sidr at its peak near Bangladesh

A tropical storm with rotating winds blowing at speeds of 119 km/h (74 mph) is called a cyclone when they originate over the Bay of Bengal, and called a hurricane in the Atlantic. Between 100,000 and 500,000 residents of Bangladesh were killed because of the 1970 Bhola cyclone.

2023, Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Mocha

2021, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Yaas

2020, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Nivar

2020, Super Cyclonic Storm Amphan

2019, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Bulbul

2019, Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Fani

2018, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Gaja

2018, Cyclone Titli

2017, Severe Cyclonic Storm Mora

2017, Cyclone Maarutha

2016, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Vardah

2016, Cyclone Nada

2016, Cyclone Kyant

2016, Cyclone Roanu

2015, Cyclone Komen

2014, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Hudhud

2013, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin

2013, Cyclone Viyaru

2012, Cyclone Nilam

2011, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Thane

2010, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Giri

2009, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Aila

2008, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Nargis

2007, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Sidr

2006, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Mala

1999, Odisha Super Cyclonic Storm 05B

1996, Konaseema Cyclone

1991, Super Cyclonic Storm 02B

1989, November Typhoon Gay

1985, May Tropical Storm One (1B)

1982, April Cyclone One (1B)

1982, May Tropical Storm Two (2B)

1982, October Tropical Storm Three (3B)

1981, December Cyclone Three (3B)

1980, October Tropical Storm One (1B)

1980, December Unknown Storm Four (4B)

1980, December Tropical Storm Five (5B)

1977, Andhra Pradesh Cyclone (6B)

1971, Odisha cyclone

1970, November Bhola cyclone

The 1864 Calcutta Cyclone: caused a storm surge of 40 feet. Barometer 28.025 inches of mercury. 50,000 direct deaths and 30,000 from disease.

The Backergunge cyclone of 1876: 10 to 30 or 40 feet storm surge. 100,000 direct deaths and 100,000 indirect from disease.

The False Point cyclone of 1885: 22 feet of storm surge. Barometer 27.135 inches of mercury.

1. ^ "Map of Bay of Benglal- World Seas, Bay of Bengal Map Location - World Atlas". 4 February 2021.

2. ^ Chowdhury, Sifatul Quader (2012). "Bay of Bengal". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.

3. ^ "Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition" (PDF). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2011.

4. ^ Kuttan (2009). The Great Philosophers of India. AuthorHouse. ISBN 978-1-4343-7780-7.[self-published source ]

5. ^ "Dhanushkodi". indiatourism4u.in. Archived from the original on 8 March 2014.

6. Agarwala, Nitin (2020), "The Re-Emergence of the Bay of Bengal", The Journal of Territorial and Maritime Studies, McFarland & Company, 7 (2): 52

7. ^ Mohanty, PC (November 2011), Maritime Trade of Ancient Kalinga (PDF), Orissa Review, p. 41, archived (PDF) from the original on 14 April 2021

8. ^ "Ramayana". Ramayana.com. 16 August 2005. Archived from the original on 16 August 2005.

9. ^ "Environmental assessment of coastal water at Bakkhali" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2015.

10. Berlin, Donald L. (25 January 2005). "The emerging Bay of Bengal". Asia Times Online. Archived from the original on 29 January 2005.

11. ^ "The Burma Project -Burma Debate". Archived from the original on 18 September 2009.

12. ^ "India's Largest Naval War Game in Bay of Bengal". Global Politician. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012.

13. ^ Siddiqui, Neaz Ahmad (2012). "Sundarbans, The". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.

14. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bengal, Bay of". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

15. ^ Wasson, Robert (2003). "A sediment budget for the Padma-Meghna-Jamuna catchment" (PDF). Current Science. 84 (8): 1041-1047. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 May 2004.

16. ^ Liu, J.P.; Kuehl, S.A.; Pierce, A.C.; Williams, J.; Blair, N.E.; Harris, C.; Aung, D.W.; Aye, Y.Y. (2020). "Fate of Ayeyarwady and Thanlwin Rivers Sediments in the Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal". Marine Geology. 423: 106137. Bibcode:2020MGeol.423j6137L. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106137.

17. Curray, Joseph R.; Frans J. Emmel; David G. Moore (December 2002). "The Bengal Fan: morphology, geometry, stratigraphy, history and processes". Marine and Petroleum Geology. Elsevier Science Ltd. 19 (10): 1191-1223. Bibcode:2002MarPG..19.1191C. doi:10.1016/S0264-8172(03)00035-7.

18. ^ France-Lanord, Christian; Volkhard Spiess; Peter Molnar; Joseph R. Curray (March 2000). "Summary on the Bengal Fan: An introduction to a drilling proposal" (PDF). Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2011.

19. ^ Shanmugam, G. (2016). "Submarine fans: A critical retrospective (1950-2015)". Journal of Palaeogeography. 5 (2): 110-184. Bibcode:2016JPalG...5..110S. doi:10.1016/j.jop.2015.08.011.

20. ^ Cochran, J.R.; Stow, D.A.V.; et al. (1989). Cochran, J.R; Stow, D.A.V (eds.). "116 Initial Reports Table of Contents". Proc. ODP, Init. Repts. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Ocean Drilling Program College Station, TX. 116. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.ir.116.1989.

21. ^ France-Lanord, Christian; Derry L.; Michard A. (1993). "Evolution of the Himalaya since Miocene time: isotopic and sedimentological evidence from the Bengal Fan" (PDF). Geological Society Special Publication. 74 (1): 603-621. Bibcode:1993GSLSP..74..603F. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.40. S2CID 85506590. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 March 2020.

22. Tilmann Schwenk; Volkhard Spiess (2009). "Architecture and Stratigraphy of the Bengal Fan as Response to Tectonic and Climate Revealed from High-Resolution Seismic Data". SEPM Special Publication, No. 92. External Controls on Deep-Water Depositional Systems. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology). pp. 107-131. ISBN 978-1-56576-136-0.

23. ^ Curray, Joseph R.; David G. Moore (March 1971). "Growth of the Bengal Deep-Sea Fan and Denudation in the Himalayas". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 82 (3): 563-572. Bibcode:1971GSAB...82..563C. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[563:GOTBDF]2.0.CO;2.

24. ^ "Promise Rings in white gold, yellow gold, rose gold, unique rings. by A Ring Thing".

25. ^ Haider, Mashida R. (5 January 2005). "Naturalist". New Age. Dhaka. Archived from the original on 30 November 2010.

26. ^ Ocean acidification in Bay of Bengal is now being monitored. Firstpost. 16 December 2019.

27. ^ Kumar, Rakesh; Sinha, Rama; Refat, Md; Rakib, Jahan; Padha, Shaveta; Ivy, Nishita; Bhattacharya, Sayan; Dhar, Anjali; Sharma, Prabhakar (2022). "Microplastics pollution load in Sundarban delta of Bay of Bengal". Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances. 7: 100099. doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100099. S2CID 249072350.

28. ^ Gupta, R.Sen; Kureishy, Tariq W. (September 1981). "Present state of oil pollution in the northern Indian Ocean". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 12 (9): 295-301. Bibcode:1981MarPB..12..295S. doi:10.1016/0025-326X(81)90079-5.

29. ^ Gong, Chenglin; Wang, Haiqiang; Shao, Dali; Wang, Hongping; Qi, Kun; Xu, Xiaoyong (1 July 2022). "How did the world's largest submarine fan in the Bay of Bengal grow and evolve at the subfan scale?". AAPG Bulletin. 106 (7): 1431-1451. Bibcode:2022BAAPG.106.1431G. doi:10.1306/02072219107. S2CID 250063994.

30. ^ Tannehill, Ivan Ray (1969) [First published 1945]. Hurricanes: Their Nature and History: Particularly Those of the West Indies and the Southern Coasts of the United States (6th ed.). Princeton University Press. pp. 38-40. ISBN 978-0-8371-2316-5.

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The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Geographically, it is positioned between the Indian subcontinent and the Indochinese peninsula, located below the Bengal region (based on which the bay was named during the British Raj). It is the largest water region called a bay in the world.

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1. floods is a overflow of water that submerge on land that is usually dry
2. flood can be both beneficial and harmful. it  can be harmful as it causes loss of people and destroy the buildings and houses. it can be beneficial as it help farmer to plant.
TASK 2:

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Three killed, over 11,000 affected in Sri Lanka’s flash floods

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At least three people were killed and over 11,000 affected due to heavy torrential rains and flash floods across Sri Lanka with highest rainfall being recorded in the former war-zone of Kilinochchi in the north.

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Bangladesh is prone to flooding due to being situated on the Ganges Delta and the many distributaries flowing into the Bay of Bengal. Coastal flooding, combined with the bursting of river banks is common, and severely affects the landscape and society of Bangladesh. 80% of Bangladesh is floodplain,[1] and it has an extensive sea coastline,[2] rendering the nation very much at risk of periodic widespread damage. Whilst more permanent defences, strengthened with reinforced concrete, are being built, many embankments are composed purely of soil and turf and made by local farmers.

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Saudi Arabia
flash flood

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Flash floods July 2014 Saudi Arabia Caused Chaos in a matter of seconds Signs of Changing Weather

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Flash Floods Saudi Arabia Causes Chaos in Seconds Signs of Changing Weather July 3rd See Main Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQov80OWOmI I do not own this video FAIR USE NOTICE: This video may contain copyrighted material. Such material is made available for educational purposes only.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Flood is an overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits, especially over what is normally dry land.

2. Flood can be beneficial and damaging to the environment. They are beneficial for farmers for their rice. Floods also can destroy houses and causes death.

Task 2 :
Indonesia
Flash Flood

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Death toll in Indonesia increases due to landslide caused by flash floods.

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Q2)
the overall impact of Climate Change on Agricultural production in Bangladesh would be wide spread and devastating for the country’s economy. Beside this, other impacts of Climate Change such as - Extreme Temperature, Drought, and Salinity Intrusion etc. are also responsible for the declining crop yields in Bangladesh. Temperature and Rainfall changes have already affected crop production in many parts of the country and the area of arable land has decreased to a great extent. The Salinity intrusion in the coastal area is creating a serious implications for the coastal land that were traditionally used for rice production.

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1] floods is a large amount of water pouring into land

2] floods are both beneficial and destructive .
they are destructive because it can destroy houses and sometimes even kill people.

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1)floods is an overflowing of water over dry lands.
2)Floods can be damaging and beneficial to environment.They are beneficial fir growing crops.Floods can damage infrastructure and buildings and maybe cause death

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1. floods are overflowing large amount of water usually on land . There are 5 types of floods , flash flood, River flood , Coastal flood , Urban floods .
2. Floods can cause damage to the enviroment , floods are harmful to humans as floods can carry diseases that can be harmful to humans . Floods can also kill people , animals, buildings. Floods can kill , injured , damage things.

Task 2 .  Debris Flow Southern Utah , Flash flood

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Amazing Flash Flood / Debris Flow Southern Utah HD

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I HAVE A DRONE! - Look at my recent videos. :) July 18th 2013. Massive debris flow / flash flood in Southern Utah. Close to 3" of rain fell north of my location and I filmed these shots 6+ hours after the fact. Sharing this video.

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1. floods are large water coming from the sea.
2. floods are benefical and damaging as people become homeless and the water will make the land watery and not very dry for the plant.
Task 2:
1. west virginia
2.Devastating flood

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Deadly floods trigger state of emergency in West Virginia counties

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Powerful storms threaten West Virginia with new flooding. Devastating flood waters overnight killed at least two people, including an 8-year-old boy. Another child is missing. Kris Van Cleave reports from White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, where a state of emergency has been declared.

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Q11)Monsoon climate brings heavy rain and snow.Soils are leached and heavy runoff results in soil erosion 2)Cyclones frequently hit bangladesh

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1)Floods have a large amount of

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1.Floods is an overflowing of a large amount of water  over dry land.
2.Floods are both beneficial and damaging to the environment and people . Its beneficial as flood waters can sweep away crops . Although flood waters bring nutrients and sediment to the area it covers ,Farmers love this nutrients because it will boost the crops so they can really grow and produce food. Its damaging as chemicals and other hazardous substances end up in the water and eventually contaminate the water . It also cause widespread of damaging property

Task 2
1.East Africa
2.Flash Flood

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1. floods are overflows of large amounts of water onto land that is normally dry.
2.floods can be both beneficial and damaging to the environment and people.floods can cause people to be homeless, kill peoples lives and farmers who grow rice can be wash away by floods easliy some people even have no food to eat and struggling to stay alive
TASK 2:
1.Madhya Pradesh, India
2.flash flood

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This unfortunate incident took place on 17th July 2011 in Madhya Pradesh, India. Five persons got caught in the rising waters of a flash flood. They lost their footing and got swept over the waterfall. As per last available reports two were saved, one dead body was retreived and the remaining two were missing.

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1)Floods

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1.A flood is an overflow of water on land which is usually dry. Sometimes a river receives too much extra water, either from heavy rain or other natural disasters. When this happens, the water overflows from its normal path in the river bed and onto dry land. This is called a flood. Flash floods happen quickly.

2.During floods (especially flash floods), roads, bridges, farms, houses and automobiles are destroyed. People become homeless. Additionally, the government deploys firemen, police and other emergency apparatuses to help the affected. All these come at a heavy cost to people and the government. It usually takes years for affected communities to be re-built and business to come back to normalcy.

Task 2

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Trail Karapitiya Cancer Hospital Foundation Laying Ceremony

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Aerial view of floods in Sri Lanka - Colombo Aranayaka

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Aerial footage from the Sri Lanka Air Force on Wednesday showed the aftermath of flooding Aerial Footage Shows Aftermath of Sri Lanka Landslide and Flooding

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1. flood are large amount of water rush in a country or causing flash floods
2.floods can be beneficial and damaging at the same time floods can damage houses and flush away people while floods can be beneficial as floods can make dry lands to wet

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Actual Video: Flash Flood in Country Mall Area

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HAPPENING NOW: Actual Video Country Mall, Talamban, Flash Flood

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1) any place thats vulnerable to collect water and clog , the water will overflow , where place are usually dry
2)india,bangladesh,flashfloods
The floods drowned hundreds of villages and killed at least 19 people, stranding over 200,000 . Thousands of homes were reported flattened or flooded and power supplies were disrupted.More than 161 Red Crescent volunteers have been deployed in search and rescue, first aid and psychosocial support. In early August, while many of the people who evacuated are returning home, some still live on embankments in makeshift shelters

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1.A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land which is usually dry
2.Floods can be both beneficial and damaging to the environment.The damaging of the floods is that people becoming homeless and water supply and electricity are disrupted and people struggle and suffer as a result.The benefit for the flood , floodwaters carry lots of nutrients that are deposited in the plains.Farmers love such soils, as they are perfect for cultivating some kinds of crops.
Task 2:
1.Indonesia
2.Flash Flood

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British Floods & Storms UK Weather England & Scotland & Wales 2014

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Dahsyatnya Banjir Bandang di Manado Hanyutkan Mobil Mewah

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Menilik Keindahan Kota Manado Sulawesi Utara

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January 15 2014 FULL VIDEO Flooding, landslides hit Indonesia PRAY for MANADO REBLOP.COM

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AllahuAkbar ... sampe merinding mimin liat video Banjir bandang Manado REBLOP.COM Manado INDONESIA Floods January 14 2014 flooding JAKARTA, Jan. 15 (Xinhua) -- Rescuers have found one body and are searching for a missing person as floods and landslides displaced more than 2,000 people and incurred serious damage in Manado, capital of North Sulawesi province, Indonesia, a spokesman of the national disaster relief agency said here Wednesday.

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1)flood is an overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits, especially over what is normally dry land.

2)floods can be dangerous During floods (especially flash floods), roads, bridges, farms, houses and automobiles are destroyed. People become homeless. Additionally, the government deploys firemen, police and other emergency apparatuses to help the affected. All these come at a heavy cost to people and the government. It usually takes years for affected communities to be re-built and business to come back to normalcy.

task 2:india
flash flood

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Real cloudburst video & India Flash Flood

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Flash Flood killing five in INDORE INDIA.m4v

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Flash Flood killing five in a district Mhow near INDORE city in INDIA.

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1.Floods is an overflow of water that submerges on land that is usually dry.

2. Floods can be both destructive and beneficial to the environment.They are useful farmers for their rice. Floods can bring damage to infrastructures and buildings. Floods also can kill people and affect peoples live.

Task 2 :British
Flash Flood

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Flooded Britain 2014 P2 British Floods & Storms UK Weather England & Scotland & Wales 2014

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1. It is a natural event or occurrence where a piece of land that is usually dry land, suddenly gets submerged under water.

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1. It is a natural event or occurrence where a piece of land that is usually dry land, suddenly gets submerged under water.

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2.flood can be beneficial and damaging to the enviroment. The benefits of flood are they help to  rivers to spread out and accommodate temporary storage of flood water, reducing flood peaks and erosion potential. impacts of flooding include loss of human life, damage to property, destruction of crops, loss of livestock, and deterioration of health conditions owing to waterborne diseases.

TASK 2:
majayjay, Laguna
flash flood

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Video footage of a flash flood in majayjay dalitiwan falls. For more details, visit: http://thetrendingfacts.com

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1. Floods is a large body of water. Floods are destructive and can be useful at times. Floods are the results of continous heavy downpour or overflowing.

2.Floods are both damaging and beneficial to the environment. They are beneficial to farmers growing rice. Floods can damage infrastructure and buildings. Floods may seriously affect the lives of people.

Task 2 :
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Flash Flood

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Shocking Video !!! Flash floods turn deadly in Jeddah, Nov 17, 2015

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Shocking Video !!! Flash floods turn deadly in Jeddah, Nov 17, 2015 Heavy rains lashed parts of Saudi Arabia on Tuesday, killing at least two people as religious officials urged people to stay indoors for safety. Two people were electrocuted when they touched a lamp post as they were attempting to cross a water-filled road, Saudi daily Okaz reported.

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1.A flood is a a large amount of water overflowing and causing destruction to a place.

2.Floods are destructive and are beneficial to the environment.Floods helps to wash up dry lands.

Task 2- China
River Flood

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China Sichuan Province Rainstorms Floods Landslide

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Monster flood washed away homes, cars and at three people as you see in this video in China June-2016

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Task 1
After watching the video, answer the following questions.

Question 1: In your own words, describe what are floods?

Question 2: Can floods be both beneficial and damaging to the environment and people? Explain your answer.

Task 2
Post a picture/video/article of a place experiencing flooding.
State the following details.
1. Location of the flood.
2. Type of flood