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Choose a quite location without distractions.

Explain the purpose of the interview

Explain the interview style e.g., unstructured interview

Let them know how long the interview will take

Ask them to sign a consent form (audio recording and withdrawal of content)

Assure them of confidentiality

Give them your contact details for any follow up questions they might have

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1. Structured interviewing

2. Unstructured interviewing

3. Preparation for the interview

4. Research posture

5. Types of questions

6. Question styles

7. Ending the interview

8. After the interview

9. Practicing interview skill

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Structured interviewing
In structured interviewing the interviewer asks all the respondents the same series of preestablished questions with a limited set of response categories. There is generally little room for variation in responses except where open ended question (which are infrequent) maybe used. The interviewer records the responses according to a coding scheme that has already been established by the project director or research supervisor. The interview controls the pace of the interview by treating the questionnaire as if it were a theatrical script to be followed in a standardized and straightforward manner. Thus all the respondents receive the same set of questions asked in the same order or sequence by an interview who had been trained to teat all interview situations in the same manner. There is very little flexibility in the way questions are asked or answered in the structured interview setting. Instructions to interviewers often include some of the following guidelines;

Never get involved in long explanations of the study, use the standard explanation provided by the supervisor.

Never deviate from the study introduction, sequence of questions or question wording.

Never let another person interrupt the interview, do not let another person answer for the respondent or offer his or her opinions on the question.

Never suggest an answer or agree or disagree with an answer. Do not give the respondents any ideas of your personal views on the topic of question or the survey.

Never interpret the meaning of a question, just repeat the question and give instructions or clarifications that are provided in training or by the supervisors.

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You want to know more, so you enter the space with an open mind.

How do you gain trust?

How do you establish rapport?

Non judgemental

Reflective listening

Use open body language to encourage the person to tell their story

Use note taking sparingly as you will have an audio recording of the interview

Neutral and objective as possible

Marathon not a sprint - pace yourself and give the person time

Allow silence

Allow for transition phrases e.g., that's really interesting, can I ask you about….

If the interview goes off topic, bring them back gently with a new question

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Experience / behaviour questions
Experience questions ask about what a person has done.
What does your job entail?

Opinion / value questions
Opinion questions tap into the cognitive part of the person.
What do you think about the new policy on safer injecting rooms?

Feeling questions
Questions that tap into the emotions of a person.
How do you feel about the recent death of a homeless person outside of the college?

Knowledge questions
Knowledge questions ask the person what they know about a particular topic.
Can you tell me more about the evidence for safer injecting rooms?

Sensory questions
Sensory questions are designed to tap into what the interviewer sees, hears, touches, smells and tastes. The interviewee maybe able to let the interviewer stand in her shoes by describing the sensory experience.
What did you notice first when you saw the blood on the wall?

Background / demographic questions
Background questions are important in helping the researcher to understand the person they are interviewing.
How many years are you working as an addiction worker?

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Ask open ended questions for descriptive answers

Ask probing questions for more detail about something
Who was with you?
Where did you go then?
Tell me more about that?
I’d like to hear you talk more about that?

Ask clarifying questions to check for meaning
I’m not sure I understand what you mean bye ‘hanging out’. Can you help me understand what this means?
I’m sorry. I don’t quite get it. Tell me again would you?

Ask evidence based questions to avoid obvious falsehoods
e.g., is there evidence to support this approach?

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Ok Tom, that brings us to the end of the interview

I really appreciate your participation in this research

Thank you very much

I will send you a copy of the research when it is published

After the interview

Check your recording

Write up some initial notes and observations

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Where are you doing your work experience?
(Closed and fact checking question)

Can you tell me a little more about this organisation?
(Open ended question)

Why did you choose this organisation for your work experience?
(Probing question for more details)

What do you hope to learn from this experience?
(Open ended question)

Do you have any fears about the placement?
(Open ended question)

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What makes a good interview?

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What makes a good interview? - Advanced qualitative methods

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In part 2 of a 6 part discussion, Fiona Holland and James Elander from the University of Derby discuss the elements that contribute to a good qualitative research project. To find out more visit http://www.derby.ac.uk/ehs

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The in-depth qualitative interview is a difficult data collection skill to master. Researchers discuss their experiences of interviewing. They also give some tips on how to conduct in-depth interviews and some do's and don'ts when interviewing. Developed by Grace Idahosa, Department of Political and International Studies, Rhodes University.

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Unstructured interviewing can provide a greater breath of data than the other types, given its qualitative nature.

Characteristics of Unstructured Interviews

The interviewer and respondents engage in a formal interview in that they have a scheduled time to sit and speak with each other and both parties recognise this to be an interview.

The interviewer has a clear plan in mind regarding the focus and goal of the interview.  This guides the discussion.

There is not a structured interview guide.  Instead, the interviewer builds rapport with respondents, getting respondents to open-up and express themselves in their own way.

Questions tend to be open-ended and express little control over informants' responses.

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tom Why are unstructured interviews important?

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tom Why are unstructured interviews important?

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Can you please give us access to this information for next year?

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Can you please give us access to this information for next year?

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Any preparation tips for an interview? Do's or dont's?

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Any preparation tips for an interview? Do's or dont's?

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Did not understand this at all.

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Hi guys - Hi

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Hi Tom = Hi

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Sup boys = What does this mean?

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thanks tom :)

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Hope your discussing research! Tom

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The boys

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Nice one