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There were many Americans who helped and contributed to the leap towards the end of slavery some of which include Abraham Lincoln and John Brown, But let's focus on Charles Sumner.Charles Sumner fought for equality before during and after the civil war. After the civil war Charles while holding a position in the senate wanted free schools and farmsteads for African Americans. During his time in the Senate Sumner constantly clashed with Presidents and other people such as other congress men and more. At one point Charles Sumner was even attacked by Preston S. Brooks a South Carolina Representative while in the senate chamber.

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The Underground Railroad was a series of people or helpers know as 'Conductors" who led slaves from the south to the north and all the way into Canada. Many of these conductors where either fugitive slaves who wanted to help others or white Americans who felt bad and wanted to help. many slaves were freed and saved through the success of the Underground Railroad system. The Underground Railroad was also know as the Freedom networks.

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Slaves had no rights what so ever and they were also only granted the most basic protection by the law. However the protection wasn't very efficient because Slaves couldn't testify in court cases with white folk so the odds were stacked against them. This is also shown in 1829 in the State vs. Mann case where a woman being held as a slave was victim of an attempt to unwanted sexual actions from her owner. The slave proceeded to run away and when she refused to stop the slave owner shot her. In the case the North Carolina Supreme court said that the owner enjoyed the rights of the master and that  "we cannot allow the right of the master to be brought into discussion in the Courts of Justice. The slave, to remain a slave, must be made sensible, that there is no appeal from his master.…"

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Politics was the way Americans expressed their views and dealt with their differences up until the rebels took to violence. Americans expressed the growing sectionalism between the North and the south through politics during the years leading up to the war. The south wanted to preserve slavery but the north wanted to abolish it. The South's want of preserving slavery was setback when Abraham Lincoln was elected as President, he pledged to halt the spread of slavery.

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In 1854 Nehemiah Adams wrote A South-Side View of Slavery, In it he makes and sums up much of the Souths beliefs and views towards Slavery. Adams like many other southerners believed that Blacks to be naturally subordinate to whites. he also argued that whites and blacks could not live peacefully side by side if they were to be given rights.