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"Abnormal red blood cells characteristic of Hemolytic"

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"Abnormal red blood cells characteristic of Hemolytic"

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Risk factors for hemolytic anemia include:

Race or ethnicity. A few types of inherited hemolytic anemia are more common in some racial or ethnic groups than in others. African Americans are at increased risk of sickle cell anemia, the Amish are at increased risk of pyruvate kinase deficiency, and people of Southeast Asian or Mediterranean ancestry are at increased risk of thalassemia.

Sex. Men are at increased risk of G6PD deficiency while women over 40 are at increased risk of hemolytic anemia related to lupus and other autoimmune disorders.

Having certain types of cancer, particularly non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Having certain viral infections, particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and HIV infection.

Having a form of bacterial pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Exposure to diseases caused by parasites, like malaria and babesiosis.

Taking high doses of penicillin, methyldopa, ribavirin, or some other medications.

Having artificial heart valves or extensive vascular surgery.

Having liver disease.

Working in an occupation that involves exposure to toxic chemicals or venomous snakes and insects.

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Pregnancy

Industrial Poisons

Widespread cancer

Leukemia

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Acute Alcoholism

Liver disease

Chemotherapy

Certain hereditary disorders

Race/Ethnic groups in certain instances

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Hemolytic Anemia can be cured depending on its cause:

If caused by medication, that medication is stopped

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4 in 100,000 people in the United States and Canada (Bennington, 2015)

5% of anemia diagnosis is Hemolytic

Most types are not specific to gender/sex or ethnic group/race

Incident rate in other countries is belived to be close to the U.S.A. and Canada rates (Bennington, 2015)

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Shortness of breath

Increase in heart rate

Fatigue

Paleness

Dark urine

Yellow tint in the eyes and skin

Enlarged spleen

Severe:

Pain in the upper abdomen

Heart failure

Enlarged liver

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Hemolytic Anemia is a disorder in which infection destroys red blood cells faster than the bone marrow can replace them. (Wilson, 2018)

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Aplastic anemia can sometimes be cured by a bone marrow transplant. In other instances Apalastic Anemia is fatal.

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Fatigue

Weakness

Abnormal bruising

Bleeding from the nose, gums, intestine, or vagina

"tiny reddish-purple marks (petechiae) on the skin" (Carson-DeWitt, 2015)

Paleness

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There are certain factors that can put an individual at risk for Aplastic Anemia, such as:

exposure to toxins (i.e., radiation, benzene,  chloramphenicol and phenylbutazone, etc)

Exposre to the element gold

Certain infections (hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV, parovirus and mycobacteria)

Having a "history of transfusional graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)" (Carson-Dewitt, 2015)

A history of liver transplant for fulminant hepatitis" (Carson-DeWitt, 2015)

Pregnancy, though this is considered rare

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It is believe that environmental factors have greater influence over the disorder, exposure to toxic chemicals increases the likelihood an individual will contract the disorder.

"Hereditary aplastic anemia is relatively rare (20% of cases) but occurs in Fanconi’s anemia, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, congenital dyskeratosis, and other rare congenital or inherited diseases." (Carson-DeWitt, 2015)

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Abnormal red blood cells (echinocytes) characteristic of hemolytic anemia. Normal red blood cells... (2015). In K. Fust (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer: A Guide to Cancer and Its Treatments (4th ed., Vol. 1). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. Retrieved from http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/PC3620887024/HWRC?u=mtlib_2_754&sid=HWRC&xid=0130dd73

Bennington, L. K., & Frey, R. J. (2015). Hemolytic Anemia. In K. Fust (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer: A Guide to Cancer and Its Treatments (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 831-834). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. Retrieved from http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3620800275/HWRC?u=mtlib_2_754&sid=HWRC&xid=49d7bc21

Carson-DeWitt, R., Odle, T. G., & Oberleitner, M. G. (2015). Aplastic anemia. In J. L. Longe (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine (5th ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. Retrieved from http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/SJNGGH635972780/HWRC?u=mtlib_2_754&sid=HWRC&xid=ac057bf0

Wilson, J. F., & Mertz, L. A., PhD. (2018). Anemias. In J. L. Longe (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health (4th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 200-206). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. Retrieved from http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3662600061/HWRC?u=mtlib_2_754&sid=HWRC&xid=91e25560

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In the U.S.A., six out every million people are diagnosed yearly. In Europe there are similar statistics, however there is an increase of this disorder seen in Asian countries, Japan in particular, where about 14 people for every million people is diagnosed (Carson-DeWitt, 2015).

Any individual, regardless of gender or age, can contract the disorder.

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Aplastic Anemia is a disorder in which the marrow of the bones slows, or in some instance stops, its production of red blood cells and platelets.

There are three types of Aplastic Anemia:

idiopathic

acquired

hereditary

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"Anemia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin (the component of red blood cells that delivers oxygen to tissues throughout the body)." (Wilson, 2018)