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The Reconstruction was the attempt by federal government to implement Northern aspects into the Southern states, however, it failed because many Southern states resisted because the two societies were different involving the citizenship for the minorities, such as the African Americans and women.

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April 24, 1877
The withdrawal of federal troops occurred after the Compromise of 1877 was created. The Republican president, Rutherford Hayes, called all federal troops to be removed and the southern states were controlled by the Democrats. When the federal troops were withdrawn, it marked the ending of the Reconstruction era. The withdrawal of the federal troops changed the environment of the United States because it resulted in the period enfranchisement of African Americans. The withdrawal affected settlement patterns because southerners were able to have more freedom without the control of federal troops.
http://www.american-historama.org/1866-1881-reconstruction-era/compromise-of-1877.htm

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April 17, 1877 — January 1, 1900

The thousands of African Americans decided to migrate to Kansas to own their own land through the Homestead Act. Pap Singleton was a land speculator who encouraged all of the African Americans to move to Kansas. In Kansas, many freed slaves could own their own land, have jobs, and escape racial terrorism, especially the violence caused by the Ku Klux Klan. America's settlement and environment changed by allowing the African American to migrate to Kansas, settle in their own land, and live their own lives.

http://wwww.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/reconstruction/timeline-terms/african-american-exodus-kansas

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March 2, 1877
The Compromise of 1877 was used to settle a presidential election dispute. This informal deal ensured the Republican candidate, Rutherford Hayes, to become president and allowed the Democrats to regain power in the southern state governments. The Compromise of 1877 affected America's environment because the southerners did not keep the promises of political and civil freedom for African Americans, which disfranchised many black voters. The compromise affected settlement patterns because the Democrats in the south gained more power in the government, which could drive African Americans out of the South.
http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/compromise-of-1877

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May 22, 1872
The Amnesty Act of 1872 removed the voting restrictions against Confederate rebels and allowed them to quality to hold office in the government. With the Southern states gaining more power in the government, America's environment changed by beginning cycles of poverty for African Americans and restoring white supremacy. The Amnesty Act of 1872 transformed settlement patterns because African Americans were on their passage to complete freedom in owning land.
https://southernreconsruction.weebly.com/amnesty-act-of-1872.html

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February 26, 1869
The Fifteenth Amendment granted all men their right to vote without being judged by race, color, or condition of servitude. The racial tensions between African Americans and Southerners were not as bad because poll taxes and literacy tests were in use, which could deny their right to vote. The Fifteenth Amendment transformed America's environment by allowing voting rights to all Americans. This also changed settlement patterns because African Americans felt more free to settle wherever territories they desired.
https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/15thamendment.html

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July 9, 1868
The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified to the Constitution, which granted citizenship to all peoples who were born in the United States, even freed slaves. Also, the amendment forbid the states for denying a any person's "life, liberty and property, without due process of law." The Fourteenth Amendment granted Americans more civil freedoms than any other amendment. This benefited many Americans, however many people were angered about its ratification, such as the southerners. America's environment still contained its regional and racial tensions among peoples however transformed by attempting to support civil freedom. The Fourteenth Amendment transformed settlement patterns because all citizens could now migrate and settle among their own land with being denied their rights.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/14th-amendment-adopted

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March 2, 1867
After the Civil War, the the series of Reconstruction Acts were primarily written by radical Republicans. The first bill split the 10 Confederates states into five districts. To readmit the rebel states into the Union, states required to ratify the fourteenth amendment. America's environment transformed because all males, regardless of race, were granted universal suffrage and were allowed to participate in constitutional conventions except for the former confederate leaders. As American citizens received more political and civil freedoms, more people were able to settle on their own land in the South and West, which changed America's settlement patterns.
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/reconstruction

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How did the growth of mass migration to the United States, the end of slavery and technological, including the railroad, and military developments transform the environment and settlement patterns in the South and the West?

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The Civil War struggled to shape Americans beliefs about equality, democracy, and national destiny because there were ongoing debates about territories and property within the country. The Civil War transformed American political and social relationships by granting equal rights to all American citizens, which lessened tensions between regions and races.

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December 6, 1865
After eight months since the ending of the American Civil War, the Thirteenth Amendment was ratified to officially end the institution of slavery in all US states, which is officially noted in the Constitution. The ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment impacted the civil war by resolving the issue of slavery that lasted for many years. The Thirteenth Amendment affected America's economy because Southern farmers not longer posses the power to control the African Americans as slaves. The amendment was part of global events because America would no longer rely on slave labor to support large farms for goods exported to other countries.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/13th-amendment-ratified

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July 13, 1863
Some Irish Catholic immigrant believed that the Republicans wanted to free the slaves to replace the Irish workers in the North. The Irish Catholics attacked black citizens and institutions in New York. The riot lasted four days and was viewed as the worst mob riot in American history. As a result, 120 people were burned and many draft offices and black neighborhoods were burned. The draft riots affected America's economy because many important economic buildings were destroyed and Irish immigrants believed that the industrial North were going to use the Southern slaves to improve their economy. This impacted the civil war by increasing tensions between regional identities. The riot was part of global events because it was a major outbreak of immigrants whose origins are trace to foreign countries.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Draft-Riot-of-1863

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November 19, 1863
The Gettysburg Address was delivered by Abraham Lincoln, which was taken place in the site of on of the bloodiest battles in the American Civil War. The address honored the dead soldiers that died in the battle and also stated the importance of equality, freedom, and national unity. The Gettysburg Address affected global events because it was a world-known speech which had a profound impact on the Americans and supported the freedom of slaves. The Gettysburg Address affected American economy because it supported equality, like in economic opportunities and civil rights.
http://www.abrahamlincolnonline.org/lincoln/speeches/gettysburg.htm

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January 1, 1863
The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by Abraham Lincoln which stated that all enslaved peoples within the states in rebellion were free. The proclamation helped preserve the Union in the war and end slavery. It also enabled the African Americans to fight for their freedom to free the rest of the slaves in the country by encouraging them to join the Union army. Many southerners wanted to continue the use of slavery because they believe that the slaves would help boost America's economy. The Emancipation Proclamation changed America's economy because southern farmers were no longer allowed to use slavery to maintain their farms. The proclamation was part of global events because it cleared the use of slavery throughout the world and supported the Union side.
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/emancipation-proclamation

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First All-Black Regiment in the Union Authorized

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First All-Black Regiment in the Union Authorized

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January 26, 1863
The passage towards the Emancipation Proclamation authorized black men to fight in the Army. The first all-black regiment was formed as Massachusetts 54th volunteer infantry formed by the War department. About 186,000 blacks, including many former slaves from the Confederate states, served in the Union army. The first all-black Regiment deepen divisions between the Confederates and the Union, giving an advantage to the Union by gaining support from the former slaves. The industrial north contained better weapons than agrarian south, which also gave an advantage to the Union armies. The first all-black regiment changed America's economy by supporting the industrial north instead of the agrarian south. This event was also part of global events because America is allowing African Americans more rights than before.
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/first-all-black-regiment-authorized-day-1863

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May 20, 1862
The Homestead Act granted adult citizens about 160 public land to live continuously for five years as long as they pay a small fee. After 6 years of residence, the settler could purchase the land for about $1.25 an acre. Millions of acres were distributed and the Homestead Act gave free African Americans the opportunity to acquire western land, which was something they were not able to do in the South. The southern economic system relied on slave labor and with the Homestead Act, many blacks migrated westward, which angered southern farmers. The Homestead Act impacted the civil war because Union hoped to create a larger force in the Civil War by attempting to gain support from free blacks. The Homestead Act was part of global events because most of the acquired land from countries were claimed by Americans.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Homestead-Act

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April 12, 1861
The national economic system relied on the cooperation of the Northern and Southern states. Since, there was a major conflict between these regions, civil war broke out, which hurt America's economy. Confederate forces attacked Union territory in Fort Sumter at Charleston, South Carolina, which officially began the American Civil War. The Union forces quickly surrendered after thirty four hours since the attack. The attack on Fort Sumter marking the beginning of civil war and increased divisions between the two peoples. The rival north and south unbalanced America economically and politically, which the battle gave victory to the Confederates quickly. The slavery conflict was part of global events because the battles were only between the Americans without the help of other countries.
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/fort-sumter

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March 4, 1861
Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated as the 16th President of the United States and gave a significant speech regarding states' rights. Lincoln's speech supported the preservation of the Union and promised that the Union would not give up land to federal territory, such as Fort Sumter. Abraham Lincoln's Inaugural Address wanted to calm the tension within the country, but received negative responses from Southerners who opposed Lincoln's policy against slavery. Regional hostility increased, which brought America a step closer towards civil war. Lincoln decided that abolished slavery would be best for the country because America was the only country left using slavery as labor, which was part of larger global events.
http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/civil/jb_civil_subj.html

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How did the maturing of northern manufacturing and the adherence of the South to an agricultural economy change the national economic system and impact the Civil War? How was the American conflict over slavery part of larger global events?

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Part 1: Manifest Destiny 1837-1861 Conclusion

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Part 1: Manifest Destiny 1837-1861 Conclusion

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The attempts at compromise before the war fail to prevent the conflict because both sides, Northern and Southern Americans, believed that their own decisions and opinions were far more superior and "right" economically and poltically.

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July 14, 1847
Joseph Smith, the founder of the Mormons, and his brother were killed when attacked by a mob in Carthage, Illinois. Under the leadership of Brigham Young, the Mormons, or the Latter-Day Saints, migrated to into a further to create settlement in Salt Lake Valley, Utah to create an established community and avoid discrimination of their beliefs, including polygamy. The migration of the Mormons was performed to avoid conflict among regional identities. The migration affect territorial expansionism because the Mormons claimed and discovered land on America's expanded land, which was in Utah.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mormons-begin-exodus-to-utah

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March 6, 1857
In Missouri, Dred Scott was a slave owned by Emerson, who later died. Dred Scott and his wife filed for freedom, however the Supreme Court ruled that only citizens could sue in federal court. African Americans were not considered as citizens. Therefore, Dred Scott was not granted his freedom. Many Northerners rejected the Chief Justice Taney's decision. The Dred Scott decision increased regional and racial divisions between the Northerners and Southerners and between the whites and the African Americans, for their differences in opinions. The people still believed in their opinions, Southerners wanted to keep slaves while Northern states wanted to grant freedom. The Dred Scott Decision also affected territorial expansionism because slaves were not viewed as citizens and couldn't migrate to northern or western territories, unless they were freed.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Dred-Scott-decision

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May 30,  1854
The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise from 1821, which prohibited the use of slavery about the latitude 36 30', by allowing the Kansas and Nebraska territories to decide whether slavery should be allowed or prohibited. The pro-slavery and anti-slavery supporters rushed to settle in Kansas to place their vote. The clashing of opinions contributed to the rise of conflict, which increased death tolls, giving the name "Bleeding Kansas". The Kansas-Nebraska Act caused conflict between regional identities by allowing each of settlers to express their opinion, creating a deeper division in racial identities and eventually leading to civil war. The Kansas-Nebraska Act also affected territorial expansionism because it caused many people to migrate to these states and caused conflict.
http://www.ushistory.org/us/31a.asp

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February 28, 1854
The first Republican party meeting was held in Ripon, Wisconsin. The majority of the Republican party was mostly made up of Northerners. The party was formed to combat the spread of slavery and by 19860, they drew up the Republican Party Platform. The meeting increased regional conflict between the North and the South regarding the continuity of slavery, however the Republican attempted to protect the racial identities of African Americans from slavery. The first Republican Party meeting also affected territorial expansionism because they opposed the idea of expanding slavery in western states.
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29620

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1849
Harriet Tubman was born into slavery and married a free African American man named John Tubman. She escaped slavery and traveled to Philadelphia. She also played a role as an Underground Railroad conductor leading about 300 slaves to their freedom. The African American migration to the United States caused conflict among racial and regional identities. White Americans believed that whites and colored people we not equal, resulting in African American escape migration. The Underground Railroad also affect expansionism because it transported many African Americans to the other side of the United States.
http://www.harriet-tubman.org/tag/escape-from-slavery/

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September 9, 1850

The Compromise of 1850, was a series of congressional bills and laws which admitted California as a free state into the Union and questions the issue of slavery in New Mexico and Utah. This ended slavery trade in Washington D.C., which made it easier for slaveholders to capture fugitive slaves. The compromise temporarily ended sectionalism and the issue of slavery for several years. The Manifest Density caused conflict among regional identities by raising the question whether or not it was necessary to expand the usage of slavery among the newly acquired territories. The Compromise of 1850 settled the conflicts by settling the boundary disputes and slavery issues. The compromise affect expansionism because it expanded the territories in the United States and caused many people to migrate westward.
http://www.history.com/topics/compromise-of-1850.

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February 2, 1848
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American War. America acquired territories including California, Wyoming, Utah, New Mexico, Colorado, Nevada, Kansas, and parts of Arizona, which was about 525,000 square miles of territory. In addition, Mexico gave up the claims on Texas and defined that the Rio Grande River would the boundary between Mexico and the United States. The Manifest Destiny affected the American's desire to expand territories and after the controversial war, American gained territories through the Treaty of Hidalgo. The treaty also help settle the rivalry between the regional identities of Mexico and America.
http://www.history.com/topics/treaty-of-guadalupe-hidalgo

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January 24, 1848
James W. Marshall stuck gold at Sutter's Mill located in Sacramento, California, which caused a migration of 80,000 men towards the site. The migration of miners changed American identity by bringing more precious minerals that totaled a worth about $1 billion. The California Gold Rush had a lasting impact by  increasing  the citizenship of Americans, quick passageway towards California being accepted into the Union, and bettered the United States' economy. The new discovery of an abundance of gold caused a mass migration of Americans to California, which quickly spread Americans across the newly expanded land.The California Gold Rush also affected regional identities because many other people competed for the valuable resources.
http://www.history.com/topics/gold-rush-of-1849

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Part 1: Manifest Destiny 1837-1861 Introduction

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Part 1: Manifest Destiny 1837-1861 Introduction

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How did migration to the United States and the doctrine of Manifest Destiny change popular ideas of American identity and citizenship, affect territorial expansionism cause conflict and impact regional and racial identities?