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You create and manipulate your documents and files using various elements, such as panels, bars, and windows.

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A toolbar is a set of icons or buttons that are part of a software program's interface or an open window. When it is part of a program's interface, the toolbar typically sits directly under the menu bar.

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is the Grand Central Station for managing layers.

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is a user interface element that contains selectable commands and options for a specific program.

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are a group of a super useful, non-destructive image editing tools that add color and tonal adjustments to your image without permanently changing its pixels.

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is the intensity, or richness, of that color. And lightness controls the brightness value.

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is the global adjustment of the intensities of the colors

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The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys. The move tool is located at the top right of the Photoshop Toolbox. When the move tool is selected, click and drag anywhere in the image.

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allows you to zoom in on the image to get a better idea of the actual pixel makeup of a section you are working on. It is fairly easy to use the tool. You simply click on the zoom icon and then click on the canvas. The canvas will zoom one step for each mouse click.

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you can hold down the Alt key (Option key on the Mac) and click the image to zoom out, or hold down the Ctrl key (Command key on the Mac) and click to zoom in — without needing to press the spacebar like you would with the normal keyboard shortcut

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This is a very handy tool for selecting areas which have reasonably well-defined edges. Left-click at the starting point of your selection and simply move the mouse along the edge. "Fastening points" are automatically made at various points along the edges.

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In the options bar, select a Tolerance value (0 to 255). This determines how closely to match colours - higher tolerance means a larger selection. Check Anti-aliased to define a smooth edge to the selection.

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Similar to the lasso tool, except that instead of holding your mouse button down to draw, left-click on various points to create a selection with a series of straight edges. You can also hold down the Alt key (Windows) or Option key (Mac OS) to draw freehand sections.

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As you drag, the selection expands outward and automatically finds and follows defined edges in the image.

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The Marquee tool is the most basic of selection tools and often the one most useful. This tool is used to draw selections based on geometric shapes. Specifically, the marquee tool allows you to draw rectangular and elliptical selections. To form the selection, simply click and drag the mouse.

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CTRL+ ALT+ Z

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ALT+ Mouse Wheel

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B

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E

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[ ] Brackets

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New Duplicate Layer  From Selection (creates new layer)

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New Duplicate Layer  From Selection (creates new layer)

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Ctrl+j

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Ctrl+Shift+j

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hold shift

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While selecting to remove from selection

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While selecting to remove from selection

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hold alt

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Ctrl+d

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refine edge

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shift+Crtl+i

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Merges a layer to what layer is below it

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Merges a layer to what layer is below it

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ctrl+e

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The spot healing brush is the default healing tool in Photoshop and can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area. The basic principle is that the texture from the sample area is blended with the color and luminosity surrounding wherever you paint.

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can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area. The basic principle is that the texture from the sample area is blended with the color and luminosity surrounding wherever you paint.

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When the patch tool is selected, it initially operates in a lasso selection mode that can be used to define the area to patch from or patch to. For example, you can hold down the Option/Alt key to temporarily convert the patch tool to become a polygonal lasso tool with which to draw straight line selection edges.

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Content Aware Move will allow you to select pixels and move or extend them to another area of your image without the use of layers and masks.

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Failing that, the red eye tool in Photoshop is an easy-to-use tool for removing red eye from photographs that have been taken with a direct flash source.

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lighten or darken areas of the image. These tools are based on a traditional darkroom technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print. Photographers hold back light to lighten an area on the print (dodging)

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lighten or darken areas of the image. These tools are based on a traditional darkroom technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print.  increase the exposure to darken areas on a print (burning)

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saturates / desaturates image areas: In the Toolbox, select the Sponge Tool. Choose brush size and style*. Select mode (what do you want - saturate or desaturate). Set the tool's Flow (tool's strength).

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allows you to duplicate part of an image.

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cuts out a defined area deleting or hiding the rest of an image:

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is simply a fancy way of saying what the length of one side of a pixel is in relation to the length of the other.

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it is used to straighten a crooked picture.

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use values of gray to assign levels of transparency to specific portions of a layer or group of layers

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The Blur Tool is used to paint a blur effect. Each stroke made using the Blur Tool will lower the contrast between affected pixels, making them appear blurred.

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Sharpening enhances the definition of edges in an image.

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can be used to create a lens blur effect and to blend certain aspects of a picture.

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creates a gradual blend between multiple colors.

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fills an area, that is similar in color value to the pixels you click.

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The Horizontal Type Tool creates and edits vector-based text in a separate layer.

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The Vertical Type Tool creates and edits vector-based text in a separate layer.

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This time each morning and evening where the sun is low in the sky is called "the golden hour," as there is a soft golden light that's flattering for most subjects and easy to work with.

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High-dynamic-range imaging (HDRI) is a high dynamic range (HDR) technique used in imaging and photography to reproduce a greater dynamic range of luminosity than is possible with standard digital imaging or photographic techniques.

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In photography and optics, vignetting (/vɪnˈjɛtɪŋ/; French: "vignette") is a reduction of an image's brightness or saturation toward the periphery compared to the image center. The word vignette, from the same root as vine, originally referred to a decorative border in a book.

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Spot metering is where the camera determines a proper exposure not on the average brightness levels of the whole frame, but just of one specific spot.

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Partial metering is one of four modes found mostly on Canon cameras to help measure a subject's brightness, enabling the photographer to take a correct exposure.

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Center weighted metering places more emphasis on a portion of the image that is in the central part of the image frame.

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mode is the default metering mode on most DSLRs. It works by dividing the entire frame into multiple “zones”, which are then all analyzed on individual basis for light and dark tones.

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This usually referred to a work of art that was divided into sections and hinged together but has come to be something that is widely used in photography and the art world.

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when applied to photography, is a group of three pictures. The origin of the term applied to three paintings on hinged wooden panels. They could fold into each other making a flat carrying pack.