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Location-based service (LBS) is the name for a general class of policies in software-level services that provide for accessing data, files, pipes, memory objects, streams and other or online services. Access policies are controlled by location data and/or time-of-day constraints, or a combination thereof.

Mobile computing is human–computer interaction by which a computer is expected to be transported during normal usage, which allows for transmission of data, voice and video. Mobile computing involves mobile communication, mobile hardware, and mobile software. Communication issues include ad hoc networks and infrastructure networks as well as communication properties, protocols, data formats and concrete technologies.

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An enterprise information system (EIS) is any kind of information system which improves the functions of enterprise business processes by integration. This means typically offering high quality of service, dealing with large volumes of data and capable of supporting some large and possibly complex organization or enterprise.

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Control systems are a central part of industry and of automation.Control systems are used to enhance production, efficiency and safety in many areas, including quality control, environmental control, food processing etc.
There are two main types of control loops: Open loops, which operate with human input, and closed loops, which are fully autonomous.

Yeong Weng Kit

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Group decision support system(GDSS) technology supports project collaboration through the enhancement of digital communication with various tools and resources. It can facilitate the decision making make by every group member

-Kok Kian Yuen

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Factors Affecting Decision-Making…..

-New technologies and better information distribution

Personal data collected (e.g. on social media) can be used in targeted marketing.

5G

Industry 4.0

-Complex operations

Data migration, system-wide upgrade

“Red Tape” in organisation —> excessive rules and formality

-Rapidly changing global economies and markets

Economy currency conversion rate

Taxation system change (affected by government policy)

-Governmental regulation/political destabilization

Over-printing of money in Venezuela caused 80,000% inflation per year in 2018. This causes huge population outflow from the country and political destabilisation.  (Ref: https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevehanke/2019/01/01/venezuelas-hyperinflation-hits-80000-per-year-in-2018/)

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1.New technology - data processing technology that make quick business decisions by slicing and dicing your way to massive amount of information
2.complex operations - choose the shortest and  fastest route for drivers example : Grab
3.increased globalization in marketplace,there is more volatility in both input and product price
4. The  Triump administration has been pressuring American allies to bar Huawei and other Chinese tech firms from building the infrastructure that needed to produce 5G netwo

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Lai Ying Hui, Ng Chwen Huey, Ooi Hui Yin, Samaala

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Lai Ying Hui, Ng Chwen Huey, Ooi Hui Yin, Samaala

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1. New technology and better information distribution
-Most of the business use information technology to do market research. For example, to conduct online survey and review public sentiment. This could help businessman to make better decision and lead to business success.
2. Complex operations
- If an organisation has multi-level hierarchy or many departments that often require resource, access, work together from each other, it leads to complex operations within the organisation, that will make decision making difficult. This is because a decision might only be made after countless meetings from lower level to higher level. The decision had probably already missed the best timing

3.Rapid changing global economics and market - Nowadays the market is more focus on the ecommerce site, so the manager has to decide well to capable with the rapid change of economics and market to earn more revenues.
4.Goverment regulation-China had been asked to pay 10 percent tariffs on additional $200 billion in Chinese imports.

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1) New Technologies and better information distribution
- User friendly. So, all type of user/consumer able to understand and use the technology easily

2) Complex operation
- Determine or state real time amount of available quantity of things. It helps customer to decide whether the quantity available is enough for them to buy or not
- Example: Shopee

3) Rapidly changing global economies in market
- Evolving the technologies based on the current global expnomies to make sure it is relevant to the current people desire
- Example: Online payment (CIMB Clicks, Maybank2u)

4) Governmental regulation/political destablisation
- The Government of Malaysia alloted subsidies
- Example: Subsidies of petrol, sugar

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1. New Technologies are continuously emerging before we could really understand and make full use of the current technology.
2. Trying to use software to make decisions on complex operations which even the humans couldnt understand fully and make decisions on their own.
3. Rapidly changing global economies makes it harder for companies to make decisions as a small mistake in making the decision could affect them in long term.
4. The changes in tax system from GST to SST by the goverment recently had a big impact on national market such as the rise in prices for goods & services.

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New technologies and better information distribution
Facebook and other social media distributes information rapidly. For example, President Donald Trump using Facebook to campaign during the election. All the opinions shared by people helped him to win.

Complex operations
Involves many parties, with different skills and expertise. Decision makings needs to take all these into consideration.

Rapidly changing global economies
Rise of BitCoin, FavePay, cashless payment, virtual currencies. Need to accomodate and handle all the new forms of transaction.

Governmental regulation/political destabilisation
Brexit - it affects the market among UK countries, countries that used to be able to market directly to Britian now have more complexities to think about.

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Factors Affecting Decision-Making
1) New technologies and better information distribution:
Digital transformation of companies (e.g. digitalisation of paper records) will affect how companies retrieve data to make the business decisions. Also, new technology (e.g. VR, AR and 3D printing) introduces new business opportunities for companies to explore, for example in marketing their products and attracting users' attention.
2) Complex operations:
In big companies with complex operations (e.g. car-making companies and conglomerate like Samsung), there exist many functional groups with different objectives (e.g. R&D department wishes to improve product quality but financial department wishes to cut costs) and decision making by the top management requires consideration of all aspects.
3) Rapidly changing global economies and markets:
Nokia suffers from the dilemma of whether to enter the new smartphone market or maintaining their conventional phone models which were still profitable but would have been outdated by the time the smartphone era kicks in.
4) Governmental regulation/political destabilization:
The trade war between US and China causes a slew of new governmental policies to be introduced, such as China banning Apple from its local market, and this requires Apple to rethink its marketing strategy to China. Also, the US policy to encourage US companies to move their oversea manufacturing plants back to US may affect how US companies manage their costs.

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1. New technologies and better information distribution
- With new technology, data has been process quickly and give information that is needed. This will help the company/business to make decision easily and understand the use of technology with some flexibility.

2. Complex Operations
- Multiple people are involved in completing particular project with multiple stakeholders, like customers, suppliers, regulators, investors, medias and competitors.
An organization utilize underlying technology to collect and analyze data to cope with the complexity and ensure operation to run smoothly.

3. Rapidly changing global economies
-petrol price increase will cause the product price increase aswell
-bitcoin price drop slowly, computer hardware price getting lower
4. Government regulations/political destabilization
-every import/export must go through to KASTAM to make sure goods are follow the rules. In this example can affect the manager decision from other country to make their goods can follow the regulation. Sometime the regulation can be change and the decision can be affect also.

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Cheng Z-Ker, Shealin Lim, Lee Kuan Lun, Yeong Weng Kit

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Cheng Z-Ker, Shealin Lim, Lee Kuan Lun, Yeong Weng Kit

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1) New Technology and Better Information Distribution.
Government is collaborating with Alibaba in setting up a traffic control system to harness artificial intelligence for Kuala Lumpur. It is the first such service outside China. Alibaba Cloud, the cloud computing arm of Alibaba, said it planned to make live traffic predictions and recommendations to increase traffic efficiency in Kuala Lumpur. Reference Link: https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2018/06/18/jack-mas-meeting-with-guan-eng-positive/#Af8VQMjyY1S4282f.99

2) Complex Operations
Northumbria Police debate buying high-tech drone to help officers on 'complex' operations The force has previously used the Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service's drone but its use could be increased. Crime chiefs are debating whether to buy their own high-tech drone to support police officers.
Reference Link: https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/northumbria-police-debate-buying-high-14600338.amp

3) Rapidly Changing Global Economies
The promotion of wechatpay in Malaysia, WeChat users can now pay using their app with the roll out of its e-wallet component, WeChat Pay My.
Reference Link: https://www.thestar.com.my/tech/tech-news/2018/08/20/wechat-introduces-its-ewallet-wechat-pay/

4) Government Regulations/Political Destabilization
The government will use the name list of recipients for Bantuan Sara Hidup to determine those who qualify for social health insurance scheme.Once a recipient was diagnosed with one of the 36 illnesses, they would be paid RM8,000. Reference Link:
https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/11/25/bantuan-sara-hidup-database-to-be-used-to-determine-who-gets-insurance-sche/1696887

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example 1: new technology and better information distribution
- Usage of big data to get the real time and accurate data to improve the strategy and decision making after the analysis

Example 2: complex operations

- the complex operation to get the updated stock information in real time to decide which to invest

Example 3: rapidly changing global economies and market
- keep update with the condition of the trend in the market to manage the operation of the company to make decision to fulfill the current need of market trend that able to bring the largest benefits

Example 4: governmental regulations or political destabilisation
- the unstable politic of a country will affect the economy of the country as the investors might lost trust and cause divestment

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Nur Amiera, Nur Syafiqah & Nurul Amalina

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Nur Amiera, Nur Syafiqah & Nurul Amalina

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New technology : Workers especially the veterans are not familiar & not being able to understand how the new technology works hence they need more time to learn and understand in order to increase the business’ performance. Example : Government sectors that are used to key in data manually and now they need to use computers.

Complex operations : To get the precise & trusted information they requires complex operations such as they might needed to go to top management in order to get those informations. Example : FashionValet

Rapidly changing global economies : Sudden changes of global economies can affect the company’s profit and loss w might reduces company’s performance and productivity. Example : Gas price

Governmental regulation : Decisions that are made need to adapt with government’s regulations. Example : GST and SST

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Factor Affecting Decision Making:
1. New Technologies & better information distribution
New technologies and better information distribution.
In line of coping with tense competition, companies may decide to incorporate new technologies such as automation in business operations to boost productivity, as well as smart monitoring systems to keep track of business processes and disseminate insights on a timely manner.

2. Complex operations
Few small operation in a order process, every single important decision might have the chance to effect the following operation or causing the whole complex operation fail. Decision made must be think wisely and have a foresee on whole situation.
By using software, the analyzing process can be faster and a wiser decision can be done.

3. Rapidly changing global economies and markets
US-China Trade War affecting the global trade market.. Many country' economic affected by this war. Investor feel pessimistic in their investment plan.

4. Governmental regulation/political destabilization
Governmental regulation/political destabilization.
Following a change in government, the economy may not be stable and investors would like to decide whether investing in this country is risky.

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New technologies and better information distribution.
Industry 4.0, 5G
Complex operation
Forest management unifying company tracking. The companies share one common database and each has been able to create custom reports summarizing real time travel information about location, speed and driving habits of it's trucks and drivers.
Rapid changing global economics and  markets
US and China trade war affects worldwide economics. For example,  Huawei, a Chinese company and Apple, an US company face problems with their products exports to respective countries due to the issues.
Government regulations/ political destabilization
Malaysia new government implements SST to replace GST and a lot of database changes needed.

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-New technologies and better information distribution
E-business and it information technology to support online commercial transactions. Amazon.com for example conducting e-biz

-Complex operations             need undergoes complex operation in updating the information time-to-time in decision making to get a precious decision.
-such as analyze data, meeting

-Rapidly changing global economies and markets
the global financial crisis showed deglobalization in advances economies as tied for the risk with the higest impact

-Governmental regulation/political destabilization
tax increase will discourage investment, especially among entrepreneurs, who take risks of starting and managing businesses.

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Q1: Technology implemented in a particular company may reach the end of life or no longer supported leading to the company resourcing to newer technologies
Q2: Complex operations in supply chain management from raw material purchase, production to deliver product or goods to its final purchaser
Q3: With the Brexit policy, the European markets' may face rapid change in economy as markets move out of the Euro Zone
Q4: Countries such as India have different states with their respective tax regulations (such as GST introduced recently in India with different states using different GST rates). This affect the order and purchase management for a particular sales on how the process is to be handled in order to adhere to the regulations.

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Q1 : google business for retrieving corporate information
Q2 : complex operation will determine the project risk , deliver or not, hard or ezz
Q3 : bitcoin changing the economy
Q4 : idiology implementation according to the rulling party

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Q1:
Web applications are advances, a department in a company are still using excel to record the inventory. Therefore, the manager will have to think of to transfer those data to database and manage it using web application to increase the productivity and accuracy of data.

Q2:
If deciding to use new technology,  maybe  require to transfer a database,changing the structure from relational to object oriented or using different DBMS. It may become complex. This may affect the decision to use the new technology.

Q3:
Decision makers have to stay up-to-date with the market changes. For example during world economic crisis, maybe they should try to slow down any of the development plan.

Q4:
If a country is trying to implement any regulations that is not beneficial to the organization, the decision makers may have to reconsider their future.  (E.g.: South Africa apartheid laws)

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1. New technologies and better information distribution.
A team working on a project, they face a problem during development. In order to make sure every team members get information faster and to make a decision in order to solve a problem on time, they can use skype (new tech) Instead of email (old tech)

2. Complex operation

3. Rapidly changing global economics and market

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1. Our decision making has to be based on the latest technology for a more better productivity . managers and employees must learn more technology to adapt and embrace change everyday
2. Complex operation decision will produce a better performance.
3. Economic changes such as interest rate and rate of inflation
4. Government rules is always changing so our decision also ha to be based on the new government regulations

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Q1 (new technologies): Introduction of blockchain technology - disrupting existing business process flows and offering new, innovative ways to improve information distribution - or forcing organisations to close if they are not able to adapt.
Q2 (complex operations) : Advanced products or services require a more complex process to produce.
Q3 (rapidly changing global economies) : from a local or global outlook, to a glocal (think global, act local) model
Q4 (governmental regulations) : Anti-competitive or protectionist laws in certain countries - companies have to work around these restrictions.

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New technologies and better information distribution
Nowadays most people spend time on social media like Facebook, Twitter, etc. Company can decide whether to promote their product via social media.

Complex operations
Communication between different department and maybe from different location can be solved by using Skype, etc to bring convenience to the workers to operate and increase productivity effciency.

Rapidly changing global Economies and markets If the market trend is towards
online sales, then the company may move towards it.

Governmental regulation/political destabilisation
Malaysia has implemented GST 6%. Company need to decide whether their product to be charged for GST 6% fee or absorb by company itself.

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Countries such as India have different states with their respective tax regulations. Several taxes such as GST has been introduced recently in India with different states using different GST rates. This affect the order and purchase management for a particular sales on how the process is to be handled in order to adhere to the regulations. (Julia

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Factors Affecting Decision-Making…..give examples on following factors:                   -New technologies and better information distribution                              -Complex operations             -Rapidly changing global economies and markets       -Governmental regulation/political destabilization

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Factors Affecting Decision-Making…..give examples on following factors:                   -New technologies and better information distribution                              -Complex operations             -Rapidly changing global economies and markets       -Governmental regulation/political destabilization