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                              Structure of Federal Courts 

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                              Structure of Federal Courts 

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The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest federal court of the United States.
Here are some examples:

Marbury v. Madison, 1803 (4-0 decision) ...

McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 (7-0 decision) ...

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857 (7-2 decision) ...

Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 (7-1 decision) ...

Korematsu v. United States, 1944 (6-3 decision)

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The United States courts of appeals are the intermediate appellate courts of the United States federal court system
The largest share of this type of case is heard by the D.C. Circuit. The Federal Circuit hears appeals from specialized trial courts, primarily the Court of International Trade and the Court of Federal Claims, as well as appeals from the district courts in patent cases and certain other specialized matters

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The United States district courts are the general trial courts of the United States federal court system. Both civil and criminal cases are filed in the district court, which is a court of law, equity, and admiralty.

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                            Structure of Florida State Courts

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                            Structure of Florida State Courts

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The Supreme Court of Florida is the highest court in the U.S. state of Florida. It consists of seven members—the Chief Justice and six Justices.

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The purpose of Florida's District Courts of Appeal is to provide the opportunity for thoughtful review of decisions of lower tribunals by multi-judge panels. District Courts of Appeal correct harmful errors and ensure that decisions are consistent with our rights and liberties

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Florida had more different kinds of trial courts than any state except New York.  A movement developed in the late 1960s to reform this confusing system.

As a result, Florida now has a simple two-tiered trial court system. A temporary exception was the municipal court, which was not abolished until January 1, 1977. Most of these courts in major population areas were abolished on January 1, 1973.

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The trial jurisdiction of county courts is established by statute. The jurisdiction of county courts extends to civil disputes involving $15,000 or less. The majority of non-jury trials in Florida take place before one judge sitting as a judge of the county court. The county courts are sometimes referred to as "the people's courts," probably because a large part of the courts' work involves voluminous citizen disputes, such as traffic offenses, less serious criminal matters (misdemeanors), and relatively small monetary disputes.

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Information That Goes Beyond My Thinking 

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Information That Goes Beyond My Thinking 

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The federal courts' most important power is that of judicial review, the authority to interpret the Constitution. When federal judges rule that laws or government actions violate the spirit of the Constitution, they profoundly shape public policy.

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The best-known power of the Supreme Court is judicial review, or the ability of the Court to declare a Legislative or Executive act in violation of the Constitution, is not found within the text of the Constitution itself. The Court established this doctrine in the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803)

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They hear all the cases not specifically selected for federal courts. Just as the federal courts interpret federal laws, state courts interpret state laws. Each state gets to make and interpret its own laws.

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A crime that is a violation of federal law, such as bank robbery, drug cases, guns, or kidnapping.

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The framers of the U.S. Constitution wanted the federal government to have only limited power.  Therefore, they limited the kinds of cases federal courts can decide.  Most laws that affect us are passed by state governments, and thus state courts handle most disputes that govern our daily lives.

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They usually only hear of specific cases and those that either are very important or have not been completely resolved in lower courts

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They defend many of our most basic rights, such as freedom of speech and equal protection under the law.