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The first crusade was by pope urban 11 in 1095.

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it was a religious war fought between Islam and Christians

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series of holy wars called by popes. It was characteristic by the taking of vows and the granting of indulgence.

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In 1340 the Crusades went against heretics in Bohemia.

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1098 (sometime) | crusaders practice cannibalism at Ma'arra
January 13, 1099 | rank-and-file force Raymond to continue to Jerusalem
February/March 1099 | rank-and-file at Antioch force continuance to Jerusalem
February 14, 1099 | crusaders start to besiege 'Arqah
May 13, 1099 | crusaders give up on siege of 'Arqah and continue to Jerusalem
June 6, 1099 | Tancred seizes Bethelham
June 7, 1099 | most of the crusaders arrive at Jerusalem
July 8, 1099 | penitential procession of crusaders around Jerusalem
July 15, 1099 | crusaders seize and sack Jerusalem
July 22, 1099 | Godfrey elected ruler of settlement at Jerusalem
July 19, 1099 | Pope Urban II dies, never hearing news of capture of Jerusalem
August 11-12, 1099 | crusaders defeat Egyptian army at Ashdod
1099 | al-Harawi of Damascus leads group of refugees to Baghdad to protest lack of action by leaders
1100 | Baldwin becomes the first king of Jerusalem
summer 1100 | Danishmend captures Bohemund
November 15, 1100 | Pope Paschal II preaches crusade; threatens deserters and those with unfulfilled crusade vows with excommunication
1101 | next wave of crusaders defeated in Asia Minor
1104 | Baldwin takes Acre
1104 | Muslims defeat Franks at Harran, stopping (momentarily at least) their eastward drive
1108 | two coalitions, both of Franks and Muslims, fight near Tel Bashir
1109 | Tripoli falls to the crusaders after 2000 days of siege
1110 | Beirut and Saida seized by crusaders
1111 | riot in Baghdad organized by Ibn al-Khashab (Aleppo's qadi) to try to get help against the Franks
1112 | Muslims prevent Franks from seizing Tyre
1113 | Order of St. John (the Hospitallers) starts
spring 1115 | Muslims and Franks in Syria together fight Muhammad Ibn Malikshah, Seldjuk sultan
1119 | Franks defeated at Sarmada by Ilghazi of Aleppo
1120 | Order of the Knights Templar begins
July 1124 | Franks seize Tyre and so occupy the coast to Ascalon
1125 | in Beirut, peasants revolt
1125 | Ibn al-Khashab killed by member(s) of the Assassins
1127 | Zangi becomes ruler of Mosul
1128 | Frankish attempt to seize Damascus fails
1128 | Zangi gets control of Aleppo
1131 | nobles revolt in the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem (the first such revolt)
1135 | Zangi unsuccessful in attempt to take Damascus
1137 | King Fulk of Jerusalem captured by Zangi and released
1140 | Damascus and Jerusalem ally against Zangi
1144 | Zangi seizes Edessa, ending the first (of four) crusader states in the mideast
1146 | Zangi murdered (reportedly by a slave), his son Nur al-Din inherits Aleppo
1147-1149 | the Second Crusade, includes crusades in Spain, the eastern border of Germany as well as the middle east
1147 | crusaders in Spain take Lisbon
1148 | crusaders under Conrad of Germany and Louis VII of France besiege Damascus, giving up after Nur al-Din arrives at the request of Damascus
1154 | Nur al-Din gets Damascus, unifying the parts of Syria that are Muslim
1163-1169 | Nur al-Din's general Shirkuh fights for control of Egypt for Nur al-Din
1169 | Shirkuh gets control of Egypt, becomes vizier, then dies within two months; he is succeeded by Saladin, his nephew
1170 | Nur al-Din gets control of Mosul upon brother's death
1171 | Saladin declares Fatimid control of Egypt is over and becomes sole ruler; start of Ayyubid dynasty; increasing tension between Nur al-Din and Saladin
1174 | Nur al-Din dies, power struggle ensues for control of his son
1174 | Saladin seizes Damascus
1183 | Saladin seizes Aleppo, reuniting Egypt and Syria
1185 | Saladin officially controls Egypt and Damascus, Aleppo and Mosul
July 4, 1187 | Saladin defeats armies of the Frankish states at the Battle of Hattin
October 2, 1187 | Saladin retakes Jerusalem and (about the same time) most of the land the Franks had controlled, leaving the Franks only Tyre, Tripoli, and Antioch
1189-1192 | Third Crusade, major Franks were Richard I of England, Philip II of France, and Frederick I (the Holy Roman Emperor)
June 1190 | Frederick I dies crossing the river Goksu
summer 1191 | Richard and Philip arrive in the mideast, besiege Acre
July 1191 | Acre falls to Richard and Philip, who then decide who will rule Jerusalem (between Guy and Conrad), Philip then leaves and Richard seizes Arsuf and Jaffa, refortifies Ascalon
September 2, 1192 | Richard and Saladin sign a treaty, ending their fighting
October 9, 1192 | Richard leaves the mideast
1193 | Saladin dies, several years of civil war follow, until his brother al-Adil, takes control
spring 1197 | Frederick I's son, Henry VI goes on crusade
September 28, 1197 | Henry VI dies
July 1, 1198 | Henry VI's nobles reach a treaty with Muslims and leave
1198 | Order of Teutonic Knights begins (Acre is their main base)
1202-1204 | Fourth Crusade
1202 | some of the crusaders seize Zara from the king of Hungary, a fellow crusader, for the Venetians to earn fare
July 17, 1203 | crusaders take Constantinople, put Alexius IV on the throne
late January 1204 | Murzuphlus seizes throne and tries to expel crusaders
April 12, 1204 | crusaders seize and sack Constantinople, found Latin Empire out of Byzantine lands; a government-in-exile formed
1209-1229 | Albigensian crusade in southern France against Cathar heretics
1212 | Children's Crusade
1213 | Pope Innocent III begins planning the Fifth Crusade
1215 | imposition of a crusade tax (on Church estates)
July 16, 1216 | Innocent III dies, planning continued by successor, Pope Honorius III
1217-1229 | Fifth Crusade, consists of various attacks on Egypt
1217-1218 | Andrew II of Hungary tries for Acre
1219-1221 | crusade in Egypt led by Cardinal Pelagius; he seized Damietta and tried to take Cairo but was defeated by al-Kamil, Egypt's sultan
1227 | Genghis Khan dies; ensuing wars for succession lessen Mongol threat for a time
1228-1229 | Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, while under papal interdict, crusades in Egypt; al-Kamil gives him Jerusalem under a treaty; Jerusalem then under interdict
1219 | Francis of Assisi fails to convert al-Kamil, sultan of Egypt
1230 | Teutonic Knights start attacking Prussia
1235 | Byzantines have retaken Asia Minor
1236 | Ferdinand III of Castile begins attack on Cordova
1238 | army of Aragon takes Valencia
1239-1241 | Theobald of Champage and Richard of Cornwall lead a small crusade
1244 | Franks lose Jerusalem for the final time
1245 | Pope Innocent IV sends missionaries to Mongols; other negotiations follow
1247 | Louis IX plans crusade; Frederick keeps al-Kamil's son, Ayyub, informed of plans
1248-1254 | Sixth Crusade
1248-1250 | Louis IX of France invades Egypt; he seizes Damietta, but is defeated and captured at the Mansurah; released for ransom (and Damietta)
1248-1250 | end of Ayyubid dynasty, Mamluks now control Egypt
by 1251 | Möngke, grandson of Genghis Khan, controls Mongols
February 1258 | Mongols under Hülegü (Genghis Khan's grandson) take Baghdad, kill the last 'Abbasid caliph; the population is massacred
December 1259 | Qutuz becomes leader of Egypt in coup
January 1260 | Mongols under Hülegü take Aleppo
March 1, 1260 | Mongols under Hülegü take Damascus
1260 | Möngke dies; Hülegü returns to fight for succession
September 3, 1260 | battle of 'Ayn Jalut: Mamluks under Qutuz defeat Mongols
September 8, 1260 | Mamluks take Damascus
October 23, 1260 | Baybars kills Qutuz and becomes sultan; he controls Cairo without a fight but there is some conflict
July 25, 1261 | Byzantines recapture Constantinople, end of Latin Empire
1265 | Hülegü dies
May 18, 1268 | Baybars seizes Antioch (formerly allied to Mongols)
1268 | Baybars seizes Jaffa
1270 | Seventh Crusade: Louis IX attacks Tunis
August 25, 1270 | Louis IX dies near Tunis
1277 | Baybars is poisoned and dies; Qalawun becomes sultan
April 26 or 27, 1289 | Qalawun, the Mamluk sultan, retakes Tripoli from Franks
November 1290 | Qalawun dies; his son Khalil assumes power
June 17, 1291 | Khalil retakes Acre, ending what we are defining as the Great Crusades; crusaders fall back to Cyprus

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Pope Urban II. - Christian. - Pope.

Seljuk Turks. - Muslim. - A cause of the First Crusade.

Godfrey of Bouillon. - Christian. - Very religious.

Zengy. - Muslim. - Cruel and feared leader.

Nur al-Din. - Muslim. - Leader.

Baldwin of Edessa. - Christian Crusader.

Eleanor of Aquitaine. - Christian Crusader.

Saladin. - Muslim leader.

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started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups.

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the crusades were fought between (1095 – 1291)