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https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/drought-hit-cape-town-set-disaster-operations-hq-amid-water-n841786                          MP3

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https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/drought-hit-cape-town-set-disaster-operations-hq-amid-water-n841786                          MP3

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Cape Town in South Africa is currently experiencing really bad droughts which is causing the town to have a drinking water problem. The police and military have been instructed to guard water collection sites if they go through with Day Zero. Day zero is a day in April when the government plans to cut the water off. Some people will be exempt from the water cutoff such as hospitals and The water crisis has hurt tourism in the region with many tourists cancelling trips and visits. Day zero is avoidable if everyone uses less than 50 liters of water a day. Security would guard the collection areas where each resident could collect 25 liters of water if they cut the water off. They also are thinking about cutting off the water supply to soda and alcohol companies. They are also looking to stop the illegal trade of water.

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https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/04/asia/indonesia-balikpapan-oil-spill-state-of-emergency/index.html                      MP3

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https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/04/asia/indonesia-balikpapan-oil-spill-state-of-emergency/index.html                      MP3

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Indonesia has declared a state of emergency in response to the oil spill off of the Southeast Coast of the country. The cause of the oil spill was a crack in a pipeline that carried crude oil under the oceans surface. The pipe has since been shutoff immediately after the leak was discovered. The oil producer responsible for the leak is Pertamina. They are still trying out exactly how much oil has leaked into the ocean. At first they denied that it was their fault because they said that it was marine fuel. However it is their oil that is being leaked. Greenpeace demands that Pertamina owns up to the spill and all of the costs. People in the region have experienced difficulty breathing and Nausea and vomiting since the fires started.  The spill has cause five fishermen to die. Authorities have warned people to avoid smoking near the spill and they have compared it to a giant gas station. The government is receiving criticism for not doing much about this issue. They have sprayed oil dispersal and many people have volunteered to help with the cleanup.

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             https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/15/health/india-air-pollution-study-intl/index.html              MP2

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             https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/15/health/india-air-pollution-study-intl/index.html              MP2

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A new research study has shown that in India, the people living in rural areas were more affected by air pollution than the people living in the cities. They estimated that seventy five percent of the deaths from air pollution in India happened in rural areas. However the exposure to the harmful particle called PM2.5 was equal between people living in urban and rural areas.  But, about two thirds of population still lives in the rural areas.  In 2015, over a million people died from air pollution and this accounts for about twenty five percent of the global deaths from air pollution. The problem is only getting worse as India's economy grows. The source of this pollution comes from people burning wood and cow dung to heat their homes in the winter. Unless India takes action the death toll is expected to rise to 1.6 million.

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A global collaboration has lead to a new study that is observing the effects of global warming on seabirds. They analyzed seabird breeding patterns from 1952-2017. This period in time has seen the largest rise of temperature ever in the ocean. Today, Seabirds are the most vulnerable type of bird to the effects of climate change. This is because seabirds cannot adapt their breeding habits to the temperature changes cause by global warming. This makes food less abundant for them because the prey in the sea are able to adapt to the rising temperatures and this causes their biological rhythms to be mismatched. The study also revealed that species that migrate long distances are the most vulnerable because they live in multiple places which makes it even harder to adapt. Seabirds in general are very susceptible because they have low fertility rates, high survival rate and a good life expectancy.

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Laura Richardson of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University conducted a study that analyzed what happened to the coral ecosystems after the 2016 coral bleaching event. The researchers examined sixteen reefs off of Lizard Island.  The researchers analyzed the fish and coral variety and quantity before and post 2016 coral bleaching due to global warming. Some corals are more sensitive to heat than others and some fish are more sensitive to the loss of coral than others. The study observed that before 2016 there was a lot of variety in fish species and the fish were abundant. After 2016, the observed that there was a large decrease in variety and abundance. The study also observed that the butterfly fish population declined the most because the depend exclusively on branch corals.

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A study on the infamous Walden Pond in New England suggests that increased tourism and recreational use is negatively affecting the pond. The Researchers took six cores from the sediment at the bottom of the lake. Also, they analyzed the remains of the glassy shelled algae that were embedded in the cores. These algal remains tell the researchers the water depth and the clarity of the water. In addition to this, the researchers use radio-isotopic dating to determine the age of the cores and how the algae has grown over time.  The researchers discovered that since the 1920's,  the level of phytoplankton has increased. This was the same time that they started to develop the shoreline for recreational use. Researchers also found that increased runoff from footpaths and and the shoreline have caused the phytoplankton to thrive and impact the clarity of the water. Researchers suggest that steps be taken to reduce the amount of human runoff that gets into the lake.

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https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/05/europe/uk-bag-levy-ocean-plastic-intl/index.html          Global Change     MP3

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https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/05/europe/uk-bag-levy-ocean-plastic-intl/index.html          Global Change     MP3

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A new study in Britain has revealed that their new plastic bag levy is actually working. Scientists at the UK government's Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science conducted a study that analyzed data from 1992 to 2017 and they found that the number of plastic collected on the seafloor by trawl nets decreased by 30%. However, the number of plastic items such as fishing gear has increased. England is happy to see this because they were the last country in the UK to implement a levy on plastic bags. In October plastic bag use was down to 600 million bags in 2015 from 7.6 billion in 2014. The Uk is thinking about putting a levy on plastic bottles in the near future. A recent government report stated that the amount of plastic in the ocean will triple from 2015 to 2025 if countries keep using the amount of plastic that they use today.

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A study by the university of Manchester has shown that microwave usage in Europe emits as much carbon dioxide as seven million cars do in year. The total number is seven point seven million tonnes of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere per year. Microwave appliance usage in the Eu takes up more than 9.4 terawatts per hour. The microwave is the most popular type of oven in the EU and numbers are set to hit one hundred thirty five million by 2020. However, the carbon emissions aren't solely from using the ovens because the manufacturing of the product makes up about twenty percent of the climate change effects. The electricity use is the biggest part of the harmful effects of microwaves. Scientists suggest that regulations should be placed on the use of microwaves in order to control global warming.

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https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/19/weather/antarctica-melt-texas-rain-climate-change-trnd/index.html                                 MP2

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https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/19/weather/antarctica-melt-texas-rain-climate-change-trnd/index.html                                 MP2

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Scientists are becoming extremely worried about Antarctica's future because large parts of the continent are melting at an alarming rate. This past January, scientists discovered that a 300,000 square foot piece of the continent on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet was melting. Scientists say that an event of this magnitude is rare in Antarctica and only a few events like this have happened in the past forty years. Scientists believe that this event was directly related to the El Nino of 2016. They also think that the ice is being melted from both sides This is because the El Nino pushes warm water under the ice and the cold western winds didn't stop the warm weather from reaching the ice sheet. Scientists worry that if we have more events like this in the future then severe flooding will occur in coastal areas.

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Greenland's ice sheet is getting smaller at a rate faster than any of the models created by scientists predicted. This is caused by hot springs that are deep in the northeastern Greenland Fjords that are heated by the earth. These springs can reach temperatures of up to sixty degrees Fahrenheit. This heat causes the glaciers to break loose from the ice sheet and slide towards the sea. The geothermal activity at the bottom of the fjord is like a two megawatt wind turbine sending electricity to a large heater at the bottom of the fjord all year round. This heat from the fjord reaches the bottom of the glaciers and this causes them to slide towards the sea. Scientists are using this new data and making new models to get accurate statistics about the glaciers.

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An Iranian Oil tanker exploded and sank in the East China Sea after it collided with a freight ship from Hong Kong. The blast released a slick of thirty nine square miles which is double the size it was in the beginning of the week. The slick is separated into four parts and the largest one is nineteen square miles. Before the ship exploded and sank, it burned for a week straight. There were thirty two crew members on board the tanker and all are thought to be dead due to the fire. The tanker was carrying about a million barrels of oil from Iran and its destination was South Korea. Scientists fear that the effects of this spill could linger for decades. Especially since the tanker sank in the middle of rich fishing grounds. The tanker was carrying condensate which is lighter more refined fuel used for jets and it evaporates faster than the crude black oil. Scientists are worried about the future of these fishing grounds and how they might effect the fish market.

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http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/28/us/california-wildfire-cleanup/index.html                       MP1

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http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/28/us/california-wildfire-cleanup/index.html                       MP1

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The California wildfires in October demolished many neighborhoods and killed about 42 people. This left families with nothing and it ruined the lives of the people who once lived there. Even though the fires are long gone, there is still danger in the region. The fires burning things like batteries, computers, paints and other electronic goods causes there to be toxic waste in the debris. This toxic debris is not safe for people to be around. Additionally, the ash from the fire contains numerous metals that can be harmful if they are breathed in or swept into local rivers and streams due to a large rainstorm. This would pollute the rivers ecosystems. Cleanup crews have been wetting the ash and covering it with tarps while being transported so that the ash doesn't get into the air. Also, the wine business was not affected that badly because most of the grapes have been harvested. This will help California's economy recover.

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http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-42736397   MP2       

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http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-42736397   MP2       

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Researchers are saying that 2017 was probably our warmest year yet and that it was about as warm as 2015 which was affected by an El Nino. They are saying that it was warmer than 1998 when we had a huge El Nino. The three main agencies that monitored the temperatures in 2017 said that it was the second or third hottest year on record. They saw a .38 degrees Celsius increase in 2017 in the average temperature. In 2016 it rose .2 degrees Celsius but that was because of the El Nino that took place that year. Officials have pointed out that seventeen of the hottest 18 years on record have all happened during this century. Scientists are saying that if we do not change our ways then the sea level could rise and weather patterns could change across the globe. They think that the Paris Climate agreement is a step in the right direction in order to stabilize the rising temperature.

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The earth institute at Columbia University has developed a study to try and redraw the global map of crop distribution to try and see if they could feed more people and use water more efficiently. This study is very important because our population is growing exponentially and we are using more and more water everyday which is making some of our reservoirs run low. The team tried to put different crops where they would need the least water to survive and where they would have a small chance of dry spells. Their final product provided 10 percent more calories available then we already have. In addition, there would 19 percent more protein available for consumption.  This would feed 825 million more people and it would reduce consumption of rainwater by 14 percent and irrigation water by 12 percent.

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In a recent study in the Cook Islands, scientist have found that some corals contain genes that would allow them to adapt to rising temperatures.  However, this gene is found in low quantities in the coral.  The scientists behind this study used a computer to estimate if the coral could adapt at the rate global warming is taking place today.  The computer simulation used the most severe situation with temperatures rising between two and three degrees Celsius. The simulation showed that the coral would be unable to adapt and would go extinct. However, using the least severe scenario where temperature rises only about one degrees Celsius, the coral survives. Also, in a moderate scenario closely related to the one featured in the Paris Accord also has the coral living. This study shows us that we have to curb our emissions to save the coral in the reefs. Even though they can adapt to warm temperatures, the rate of the warming is too fast for the to adapt right now.

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This articles shows a study conducted by scientists at the University of Los Angeles about how the position of bus stops in cities affects. They know that people spend about fifteen to twenty minutes at bus stops in the city so they wondered if their health was being affected by bus stops being located near busy areas. They used an emission free vehicle to drive around and test the carbon levels near certain neighborhoods and roads in the Los Angeles area. The researchers drove around ten intersections thousands of times and collected results from their equipment. Their study revealed that carbon emissions were severe in areas of high traffic like intersections and that moving the stops 100 feet away would put them in a place where emissions aren't that bad.

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http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-41816878                                        MP1

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http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-41816878                                        MP1

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Scientists in Scotland have warned the government that something has to be done or the cold water species of marine animals could move north, away from their coast. This is not because of over fishing of Scotland because they have set certain quotas on Cod, Haddock and other species of fish. It is because of the global warming that these fish are in danger. Rising sea temperatures have caused the fish to almost reach their maximum tolerance temperature and if it gets any warmer they may move north. This would greatly affect Scotland's fishing economy because Cod is a main fish in the market. However, other populations of fish are starting to become more common even the ocean is getting warmer. The government of Scotland has acknowledged that the warming of ocean's may cause them to lose their Cod and they are asking scientists for help.

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http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-41802982                                           MP1

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http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-41802982                                           MP1

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In this article, the author reveals the UN's reports that the current carbon cutting plans aren't enough to limit the temperature rise due to global warming. It shows the reader that the gap between the plans and what needs to be done is too large for us to have any affect on slowing down the rising temperature. So far, if all the pledges are kept about cutting down on carbon emissions, the temperature will rise about three degrees Celsius from now to 2100. This temperature rise was larger than the one agreed upon in the Paris climate pact. However, there are options for slowing down the rising temperature and in the past few years many countries have reduced their carbon emissions drastically. They call for the UN to come back together to renegotiate the Paris climate pact because we need stricter standards if we are going to meet those goals.