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Argentina’s government is made up of three branches Executive, legislative, and Judicial. The president, vice president, and cabinet make up the Executive branch. The president is in charge of important  sessions during the recess ( break), if needed. The Congress, is in charge of setting taxes and customs, which have to be the same across the entire  country. Additionally, they are entitled to approve or reject every international treaty that Argentina signs with other states or international organizations. Supreme court Judges, that are nominated by the president, and approved by the Senate serve until the mandatory retirement at age 75.

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The constitution glued the missing pieces that were needed to bond the country together in 1853. Argentina’s constitution was established by an Assembly that met in Santa Fe. Certain pieces of the document for the constitution were taken from the United States Constitution. The writing was  then reformed in 1860, 1866, 1898, 1949, 1957. The current version, that Argentina uses today is from 1949, even though it is not the most recent version. In the declaration of rights and guarantees the right of life, liberty, equality, security and property is guaranteed. The second chapter, added in 1994, discusses environmental protection, consumer rights, public ethics, and political rights. Labor rights are also acknowledged.

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Argentina imports and exports a wide variety of goods to and from the country. The country is one of the world's largest exporters of beef, hides, wool, wheat, corn, flaxseed, soybean and cotton. Farming makes up 54% of Argentina's exports. Wheat is the largest agricultural export. The country is the world's 5th biggest wheat exporter in the world right behind Russia. Argentina imports a variety of  industrial and consumer goods. Other imported goods include transportation materials. Argentina's biggest  trading partners are  Brazil, U.S., Chile, China, and Germany.

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Argentina has gone through many ups and downs with their economy in the 1900 and 2000. Argentina's economic recession began with the global markets crisis in 1998 and 1999 causing many problems. In 2002, the government failed to act on its loans and the Argentine peso devalued, and affected many of their people . The unemployment rate grew rapidly, and more than half the population slipped into poverty. A weak currency, high unemployment, and inflation rates that are among the highest in the world increased laws in the form of tighter trade restrictions, and currency devaluation. The  President has taken steps to fix the economy, and it currently seems to be on the path to recovery.

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The settlement of the Europeans affected the way of living for the people currently cultivating the land. Many nomadic tribes roamed the Pampas and Patagonia before Europeans arrived in the 1500’s.
The tribes farmed corn, and other crops. In 1516, a Spanish expedition led by Juan Díaz de Solís sailed  on the shores of the Río de la Plata and claimed the area for Spain. That expedition failed. The Spanish finally established the city of Buenos Aires In 1580. The Spanish military campaigns and the introduction of European diseases weakened colonization. Spain, busy exploiting Peru’s gold and silver, largely neglected Argentina, which lacked such riches. Settlement in the northwest of Argentina grew more rapidly than Buenos Aires and other coastal towns. Spanish settlers made the Indians complete work for them, farming the land and weaving wool into cloth without pay.

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Farms, estancias, and gauchos are found in the rural parts of Argentina. In the 1880’s gauchos were a cowboy who caught wild cattle and horses on the Pampas for their hides. Many gauchos were people of mixed European and Indian ancestry. The gaucho’s  romantic figure became part of Argentine folklore. Today, the few remaining gauchos work chiefly as ranch hands in the rural areas. Wealthy landowners live in elegant homes on huge ranches called estancias. The homes are built  on the Pampas and in Patagonia the Argentine city. Some homes resemble Spanish houses, with rooms surrounding a patio. Poor rural workers live on small farms with modest houses
The houses are  built of adobe (packed mud) with adobe walls, dirt floors, and roofs made of straw and mud. In the pictures below it shows the different between wealthy farm homes and poorer farming homes.

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The Constitution of 1853 took lots of hard work for the nation of Argentina to write and agree to. Delegates from all the provinces except Buenos Aires met in Santa Fe in 1852 to make a national government for the country. The province of Buenos Aires refused to join the confederation. It wanted to be an independent state. The province wanted to be aided by good government, European investment, and high immigration. Jose Urquiza tried to force Buenos Aires to join the confederation. Finally in 1862, Buenos Aires agreed to enter the confederation on its own terms. Buenos Aires became the country's capital. The word Argentina came from the Latin word for silver and In 1860, the country had taken the name.

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Leisure time in Argentina  is spent in a variety of ways. During the people’s free time Argentines enjoy watching television, reading, playing cards, relaxing with friends, and going to watch movies and plays. Older men often play chess or bochas (lawn bowling) in public squares. Social networking sites are also extremely popular. Sunday is a day for relaxing outings with family and friends. In urban areas, people gather at public parks or private sports clubs. In the outskirts of cities. In rural areas, neighborhoods often organize communal gatherings that often feature dancing singing and barbecuing. Young people usually enjoy popular contemporary songs to dance to. Older people prefer traditional songs.

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In Argentina there are many different types of religion that are found. More than 90 percent of Argentines are Roman Catholic.
Less than 20 percent of urban Catholics normally practice their religion. There are also a small population of Protestant Christians, Jews, and Muslims in Argentina. About 2 percent of the people are members of various Protestant churches, another 2 percent are Jewish, and the remaining 4 percent belong to other religious organizations. Local customs have become spiritualism (a belief in the ability of the living to communicate with the dead) have become interconnected with Catholic beliefs.Catholic norms are followed at most weddings and funerals. Non-Catholic Christian churches are growing. Religious freedom is guaranteed in the country, and church and state are officially separate.

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Immigration played a huge role in influencing Argentinas religion today. The historical background of Argentina  is much due to the Spanish influence. The religion was brought about through the newly conquered territories. The Sephardi Jews fled persecution in Spain and migrated with colonists and explorers. They  settled in what is currently  Argentina. Most of the Portuguese merchants were also Jews. Other Jews from France and other regions of Western Europe, running away from the economic and social disturbances also settled in Argentina. Throughout the 20th century immigration brought other Catholics and denominations from various regions to Argentina. There was a rush of immigrants from the Ottoman Empire in the 20th century. Many  of them were Arabs from Lebanon and Syria. Most of these Arab immigrants were Arab Christians and others were Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews, and Muslims.

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In Argentina cities are full of beautiful architecture, streets, and more. The city is considered the highest standard of living in Argentina.  Buenos Aires is the center of culture and art. It is also the country’s main area  of commerce, government, and industry. Industrialization has brought people to the urban centers. Education,business opportunities,and jobs are more available in the City than in rural parts of the country. Many Argentine cities resemble Spanish ones.The cities center around a main square called a plaza.
Important buildings usually are built near, or right next to the plaza. Buenos Aires resembles a European capital, it has attractive parks, wide boulevards, and balconied apartment buildings that line the streets.

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Argentina's land and climate is full of many different features. Argentina is a large plain rising from the Atlantic Ocean. The east coast consists of  the towering Andes Mountains, compared to the northeast dry region. During the summer it is the rainy season, and Las Pampas, the central plains, are famous for wheat and cattle production. Patagonia, to the south, has lakes and rolling hills and is known for its sheep. Argentina's climate is generally hot in the subtropical north and cold in the region of southern Patagonia. The seasons are opposite to those in the Northern Hemisphere. The warmest month is January and the coolest is July.

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Literature plays a very important piece in Argentina's arts. Gauchesca poetry developed in the mid-1800’s, the poetry describes gaucho life and satirizes politics of that time. Historical and political writing characterized much Argentine literature from the middle and late 1800’s. The genre criollismo, originated in the 1800’s and continued into the early 1900’s.
This genera describes the lives of rural criollos, people of Spanish descent born in Latin America.   José Hernández, is a very famous gauchesca poet during his  time. Important authors of criollo  writing  include Benito Lynch and Roberto Jorge Payró. Important historical and political writers  writers of this period include Bartolomé Mitre and Domingo Faustino Sarmiento. The pictures below are the cover and writing piece of some of these writers.

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The tango is an extremely popular dance form in Argentina. The tango began in the late 1800’s in the Buenos Aires area. First the tango was considered a low-class art form, it eventually spread to very fashionable cities such as Paris and New York City,where  it gained in popularity and refinement. The tango is dramatic dance for couples, it is filled with lots  of long steps; quick, intertwining movements; and sudden, deliberate pauses. The music is very dramatic and powerful, and may be performed by as few as two musicians or as many as a whole orchestra.
A violin, piano, and  a bandoneon, (a kind of accordion) are usually included. The lyrics are typically sad and sentimental. Enrique Santos Discépolo was a famous composer wrote many popular tangos from the 1920’s to 1940’s.
in the 1920’s and 1930’s During the late half of the 1900’s, a new musician Astor Palazzo developed a genre of music known as new tango. Elements were introduced into the music of classical and jazz genre. In the picture below the couple is wearing red a color often used in the dance form.

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Argentina has many famous landmarks that are  natural and man made. Argentina has a variety of natural made landmarks from the tall mountains to the  beautiful rock formations. Mount  Roy  measures almost 3500 meters at its peak. The mountain was named by Perito Moreno. The landmark lies on the border of Argentina and Chile. The Talampaya Canyon Is located in Talampaya National Park and features massive red  rock walls. The park covers an area 2,150 square kilometres and has an altitude of 1,500 meters. One of the most recognizable landmarks in Argentina is the Buenos Aires Obelisk. It is similar to the United States Washington Monument, and it is a sight that tourists do not want to miss. The monument stands at 221 feet tall.

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Sports are a very popular

recreational activity Argentina. soccer is an important aspect of daily life for many Argentines.
Most people have an allegiance to one of the country's national teams. Going to see a match in the Bombonera (major stadium in Buenos Aires) is a major social event in the lives of most Argentines. Loyalty to a team is expressed very passionately, particularly during matches. One sport also really enjoyed is the duck. It  is a popular national sport where six players on horseback compete to toss a six-handled ball into a high basket.  The game originated in Las Pampas, where it was initially a violent sport played with a leather-stuffed duck instead of a ball. Today it is played with softer equipment. Other popular sports include basketball, volleyball, and rugby. Horse racing, field hockey, tennis, and polo are enjoyed by the higher class. The picture below is Argentina playing in a soccer match.