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Network must be able to transfer data with complete accuracy.
But data can be corrupted during transmission.
Some mechanism required to detect and correct errors.

Type of errors :
1-Single-Bit Error
2-Burst Error

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Computer Science Buskers? (Error Detection)

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In digital communication system errors are transferred from one communication system to another, along with the data. If these errors are not detected and corrected, data will be lost . For effective communication, data should be transferred with high accuracy .This can be achieved by first detecting the errors and then correcting them.

Error detection is the process of detecting the errors that are present in the data transmitted from transmitter to receiver, in a communication system. We use some redundancy codes to detect these errors, by adding to the data while it is transmitted from source (transmitter). These codes are called “Error detecting codes”.

Types of Error detection

1. Parity Checking

2. Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)

3.  Longitudinal Redundancy Check (LRC)

4. Check Sum

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error detection
error detection refers to class of techniques for detecting garbled messages

error correction

adding enough redundant bits to deduce what the correct bits are

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Simple Parity check Blocks of data from the source are subjected to a check bit or parity bit generator form, where a parity of :1 is added to the block if it contains odd number of 1’s, and0 is added if it contains even number of 1’sThis scheme makes the total number of 1’s even, that is why it is called even parity checking.

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Simple Parity check Blocks of data from the source are subjected to a check bit or parity bit generator form, where a parity of :1 is added to the block if it contains odd number of 1’s, and0 is added if it contains even number of 1’sThis scheme makes the total number of 1’s even, that is why it is called even parity checking.

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Bakal Leftenan Muda Muhammad Nur Shufi bin Jamaluddin & zul

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The change of set of bits in data sequence is called “Burst error”. The burst error is calculated in from the first bit change to last bit change.

Here we identify the error form fourth bit to 6th bit. The numbers between 4th and 6th bits are also considered as error. These set of bits are called “Burst error”. These burst bits changes from transmitter to receiver, which may cause a major error in data sequence. This type of errors occurs in serial communication and they are difficult to solve.

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Detection vs Correction
- In error detection, just to see if any error has occurred. Numbers of error is not     important.
- While in error correction, need to know the exact number of bits that are corrupted. Number of errors are important.

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Multiple Bit Data Errors

If there is change in two or more bits of data sequence of transmitter to receiver, it is called “Multiple bit error”. This type of error occurs in both serial type and parallel type data communication networks

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Single Bit Data Errors

The change in one bit in the whole data sequence , is called “Single bit error”. Occurrence of single bit error is very rare in serial communication system. This type of error occurs only in parallel communication system, as data is transferred bit wise in single line, there is chance that single line to be noisy.

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What is error?
- Error is a condition when the output information does not match with the input information.
Why does an error occur?
- Because of attenuation, distortion, noise and interference during transmission.
How to detect errors?
- Use error-detecting codes (additional data added to a given digital message)
- An example of error-detecting code: parity check
How to correct errors?
- Use error-correcting code
What is a parity bit?
- An additional bit
- Allows detection or correction of the errors
- Data bits + Parity bits = Code word

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zulhusni & shufi