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One of the smallest of the tiger subspecies and the national animal of Malaysia, the Malayan Tiger has had its population on a constant downswing for the majority of the twentieth century. Once thought to be the same species as the Indochinese tiger, it was separated into a distinct subspecies in 2004.

Head-to-tail length - Males average 8ft 6in (259cm) and females average 7ft 10in (239cm).

Height - Males reach heights of 2ft-3ft 9in (61-114cm) on average, while females are 1ft 11in-3ft 5in (58-104cm).

Weight - Male weigh between 104 and 284.7lb (47.2-129.1kg) and females average 52-195lb (24-88kg).

Pelage - They have white to creamy undersides, orange back, sides, face, and tail, there are black stripes on the body, face, and tail.

The Malayan tiger lives in dense tropical forests of peninsular Malaysia.

Malaysian states of Pahang, Kelantan, Terengganu, and Perak. Historically tigers were also found in the states of Perlis, Malacca and federal territories of Putrajaya and Kuala Lumpur.

Malayan tigers are solitary animals, except for associations between individuals of both sexes at the time of mating as well as the mother and her cubs.

They are nocturnal animals, spending most of the day sleeping or traveling across their territories.

These territorial animals do not tolerate the appearance of a member of the same sex within their bounds. Male tigers have territories larger than that of females, and one male may have more than one female within its area for mating purposes.

Like other tiger species, they are excellent swimmers and may spend a large part of its day in a shallow water body during the daytime heat.

While males reach sexual maturity at about 5 years of age, females become sexually mature much sooner at about 3. Malayan tigers may mate year round, but the females attain estrus between November and March. The Malayan tiger's aggression during the mating sessions is a typical big cat mating behavior. Their gestation period ranges between 100 and 105 days after which a litter of 3 to 4 cubs are born.

Cubs are born without eyesight and in a helpless state. They are fed milk for the first 2 months of their life, after which they begin living on meat and also begin accompanying their mothers on hunting trips.

The mortality rate for infant Malayan tiger cubs is rather high, with less than 50% juveniles getting past 2 years of age.

They live for around 15-20 years in the wild.

Malayan tigers communicate through an array of vocalizations, including chuffs, moans, growls and roars. Scent marking is another prime method of non-visual and non-auditory communication between two tigers.

Mother Malayan tigers may rub their heads on the heads of their cubs as a comforting gesture.

Malayan tigers are obligate carnivores, with their diet consisting of deer, wild boar, cattle, and sun bear.

The pelage of the Malayan tiger lends itself to camouflage, helping it to stalk and creep up on its prey, without the latter even realizing that something is afoot, until the final attack.

Being nocturnal, their eyesight is such that they can see as well during the night as they can during the day. This, in conjunction with the fact that most of their preys do not have such gifted eyesight, helps the former to catch the latter with relative ease.

Being the apex predator, it sits at the top of the ecological food chain without having any natural predators in the wild.

The IUCN Red List has categorized the Malayan tiger as 'Critically Endangered'. Years of having its habitat cut down and encroached upon by human settlements have left the Malayan tiger numbers in a sorry and dwindling state with just about 250-340 adult individuals in the wild.

In 2002, a state government of Malaysia had decided to get rid of the tigers but was intervened by the WWF and could not execute their plan.

Conservation efforts are underway to get the Malayan tiger out of danger of becoming extinct, but it is a steep climb uphill.

The stripe patterns of no two Malayan tigers are the same, they are like human fingerprints, with each individual with a different pattern.

The Malayan tiger is the second smallest of the tiger subspecies after the Sumatran tiger.

Its scientific name of P. t. jacksoni was given to honor the famous tiger conservationist Peter Jackson. However, in Malaysia, the scientific name Panthera tigris malayensis is used instead to emphasize the Malayan tiger's geographic location and availability.

A Malayan tiger recently mauled and killed a zookeeper at a Florida zoo.

They can run at speeds of up to 35-40miles/hour, in short bursts.

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One of the smallest of the tiger subspecies and the national animal of Malaysia, the Malayan Tiger has had its population on a constant downswing for the majority of the twentieth century. Once thought to be the same species as the Indochinese tiger, it was separated into a distinct subspecies in 2004.

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Status: Endangered

Known as: Malayan Tiger

Estimated numbers left in wild: 500.

Description

Until fairly recently (2004) the Malayan tiger was simply considered to be an Indochinese tiger. However, the smaller size and unique mitochondrial DNA of the Malayan tiger have now designated it as a separate subspecies. Male Malayan tigers average approximately 2 meters to 2.5 meters in length, with the females smaller. Weights of Malayan tigers vary between 78 kilograms and 150 kilograms, depending, again, on the sex of the individual. An orange background with black striping, along with white on the face and undersides, give the Malayan tiger the usual colouration found in these big cats.

Habitat: While many tiger species enjoy living in densely forested areas, the Malayan tiger is usually content in more open woodland. Prey animals are generally more abundant in open forest. However, because of human incursions into areas where tigers are found, the cats are often found in agricultural areas.

Hunting: The Malayan tiger preferentially feeds on deer, wild boar, gaur, tapir, sun bear, and elephant calves, but will take domestic animals when wild prey is scarce.

The only social group known to Malayan tigers, as with other tigers, is the bond between the female and her young. Pairs are formed only for the purpose of mating, and the tigers go their separate ways once the female has been impregnated. The female will have between 1 and 5 cubs, which remain with her for approximately a year and a half before striking out on their own. Female cubs stay with their mothers for longer periods of time than do males. Mortality among male cubs and young adults is also much higher than that of females.

Location: Not surprisingly, the Malayan tiger is found sporadically throughout most of Malaysia, and there are also some of these tigers in Thailand.

Conservation

Threats: Humans and human activities are what constitute the only threats to the Malaysian tiger. Exploding human populations have caused most of the rainforest to be converted to agricultural use, and heavy logging has also caused severe habitat destruction. When deprived of wild game, tigers will attack domestic stock, leading to farmers hunting them in turn. Fragmentation of tiger habitats also results in difficulties in breeding, and lack of genetic diversity.

Along with degradation of the physical environment, poachers continuously hunt these tigers for their pelts and body parts. Traditional Chinese and Vietnamese medicines rely heavily on tigers, and it is now thought that organized crime is behind local poaching, making the problem even more difficult to eliminate. Villagers also eat tiger meat, perhaps in the mistaken notion that they will absorb some of the tiger's power by eating the animal's flesh.

Conservation efforts: Several NGOs, such as World Wildlife Fund and the Wildlife Conservation Society, are working both with local governments and populations to protect the existing Malayan tigers. Anti-poaching programs have been instituted, including regular patrols of tiger habitat and removal of snares. The Endau Rompin National Park does offer tigers some sanctuary, and 'land swaps' have been made with those who were planning to develop palm plantations in the rainforest for open areas where tigers are absent. NGOs also try to educate villagers as to the importance of tigers to environmental balance, and teach them how to better protect their livestock from attacks by the cats.

Malayan Tiger Videos

Organisations

Panthera is an American based organisation. Their main focus is to conserve the world's largest wild cats including the Malayan Tiger by supporting research and education programmes in different countries..

Tiger Species

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Status: Endangered Known as: Malayan Tiger Estimated numbers left in wild: 500. Description Until fairly recently (2004) the Malayan tiger was simply considered to be an Indochinese tiger. However, the smaller size and unique mitochondrial DNA of the Malayan tiger have now designated it as a separate subspecies.

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Malayan Tiger - Panthera tigris jacksoni

This tiger is the most recently recognized subspecies and the national animal of Malaysia. Until a few years ago it was considered the same subspecies as the Indochina tiger, but based on the genetic analysis it was discovered that they are different. Panthera tigris jacksoni emerged as a subspecies in 2004.

Its scientific name comes from the tiger conservationist Peter Jackson, but in the Malay language, it is called Harimau or just Rimau.

Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Genre: Panthera
Species: Panthera tigris
Subspecies: Panthera tigris jacksoni

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

Apparently, the Malayan Tigers are smaller than the tigers living in India. Given the short time since it is considered a subspecies, the data comes from some specimens and is scarce.

Males measure about 102 inches and females about 94 inches in length. However, the size information from 16 tigresses living in the state of Terengganu was on average 32 inches and weighed 53-194 pounds, while males measured an average of 37 inches and had weights of 104 to 284 lbs.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT

Evidently, this subspecies dwells in Malaysia, specifically in the south and center of the Malay peninsula, as well as the southern tip of Thailand. Tiger populations in northern Malaysia are contiguous to those living in the south of Thailand. Tropical and subtropical forests make up their habitats.

There are three subpopulations in the Malay peninsula, but it seems unlikely that they are more than 250 sexually mature individuals.

FEEDING

The Malayan tiger has a carnivorous diet. It is a powerful predator that attacks by surprise wild animals and sometimes even domestic livestock. Its usual diet includes muntjacs, sambars, wild boars, bearded pigs, deer, tapirs, goats, monkeys and other wild pigs. When it finds the possibility, it can prey on offspring of large animals such as elephants, rhinoceroses, and bears.

BEHAVIOR

An adult Malayan tiger shows an individual behavior but can hunt in groups if necessary. It performs the same hunting style of other subspecies of tigers: it silently stalks the prey from a discreet distance, then approaches without making any noise and catches the animal. It can hold the prey with its front legs and bite its neck to kill it quickly.

Due to the low density of prey, the amount of the Malaysian tigers is also small. Interestingly, the areas where these and other large predators have disappeared hold a high presence of wild boars, which can become a pest.

The information about their social structure and behavior is still insufficient.

REPRODUCTION

Some think that this species can mate from approximately four years of age. The female gestates its offspring for about 100-110 days and gives birth to 2-5 cubs in a shelter that is usually cave. They receive maternal care for several months until they become independent at about 18 months of age.

This subspecies is in danger of extinction, according to the IUCN.

THREATS AND CONSERVATION

Beyond the attacks of leopards, snakes and other Tigers to Cubs, the Malayan tiger finds in humans its most dangerous predator. They cause habitat loss and are the responsible of poaching these cats to meet the Asian demand for body parts used in traditional medicine.

Excessive logging, conversion of forests into agricultural land and construction of buildings are some of the activities that reduce tiger's habitat and generate conflicts with people over the territory, besides motivating them to attack domestic livestock which annoys the owners and kill these cats in consequence, because they killed their animals.

This subspecies is in danger of extinction, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Also, it is included in Appendix I of CITES, in the group of endangered species. Some zoos have implemented captive breeding programs to protect the species, but the populations are still declining.

There is a huge breeding facility in Malaysia to help increase the population of Malayan Tigers. In the past years, they have been successfully breeding several Malayan tigers, and their cubs have been sent to various zoos around the world to help keep them safe. The number that breed is still low though due to the significant amount of testing that must be done to verify that the genetic code of the mating tigers isn't too similar. This control prevents physical deformities, and other inconveniences caused by inbreeding.

In spite of the name, there is no doubt that Malaysia is extremely proud of this discovery. In fact, many businesses have it as part of their logo or their brand identity. The Coat of Arms has also been updated to add these tigers to its design.
References
Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of Panthera tigris. Ronald Tilson, Philip J. Nyhus. Academic Press, 2009.

Tiger Tales: Tracking the Big Cat Across Asia. Ke. Ullāsa Kāranta. Penguin Books India, 2006.

https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/malayan-tiger

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_tiger

https://www.zoo.org/conservation/tigers#.WTmx_xM1_MU

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This tiger is the most recently recognized subspecies and the national animal of Malaysia. Until a few years ago it was considered the same subspecies as the Indochina tiger, but based on the genetic analysis it was discovered that they are different. Panthera tigris jacksoni emerged as a subspecies in 2004.

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Critically endangered Malayan tiger cubs born in Prague

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Two critically endangered Malayan tiger cubs have been born in Prague Zoo with great prospects of survival according to their keeper. It is rare for this subspecies to breed successfully in captivity as only two European zoos have succeeded in breeding these tigers.

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.The public can do to be more careful . pretect tigers and their habitat . reduce human Â and tigers conflict. build capacity in range states. Become a derender of wildlife.DO your part.

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Tiger Facts and Information | Interesting Facts About Tigers

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.some  of the adverse effects are  the eviromental change in south Asia  becaus the loss or malayen tiger exert top down effect the  change to the trophic caseades and invasive species may cause environmenial harm,economic harm,impact human health.

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.The public can do to be more careful .1 pretect tigers and their habitat .2 reduce human  and tigers conflict.3 build capacity in range states.4 Become a derender of wildlife.

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.what is being done to lesson the impact of this invasive species is introduced animals to new habitat.

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.what is being done to lesson the impact of this invasive species is introduced animals to new habitat.