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Discovered the nucleus of an atom through the gold foil experiment. He also found that atoms are mostly empty space

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A breakdown of Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment and how he discovered the nucleus.

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Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment - Backstage Science

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The Electron Cloud Model explained + Animation & atomic Orbitals tutorial; Crash Chemistry Academy

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A crash course in electron behavior. CC Academy videos are easy 101 crash course tutorials for step by step Chemistry help on your chemistry homework, problems, and experiments. Check out our best lessons: - Solution Stoichiometry Tutorial: How to use Molarity - Stoichiometry - Quantum Numbers - Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment, Explained - Covalent Bonding Tutorial: Covalent vs.

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Known as "the father of the nuclear age" First person to discover atoms are mostly empty space.

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Started experiments in 1908.
Did gold foil experiment which involved shooting positive particles at the foil.
Concluded that atoms were mostly made of empty space.

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These two scientists were the ones to propose that the electrons around the nucleus do not move in a fixed pattern; but rather in an un-measurable wave.

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Dalton discovered that all elements are made of molecules and atoms, atoms cannot be destroyed and, atoms can be combined to form compounds.

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Electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energy's and distances.

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It is also remembered as a cookie atom, electrons are the chocolate chips and the dough is the proton.

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Schrodinger and Heisenberg explained that atoms do not travel in a specific path. They created a model that shows the electron cloud. The electron cloud is the space around the nucleus where the electrons are.

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All substances are made of small particles called atoms. Atoms can not be created, divided, or destroyed
When atoms join with other atoms they make new substances

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Bohr thought that electrons orbited around the nucleus in a  fixed path.

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Thompson  discovered that electrons were also part of the atom.He also created the cookie model .

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Created the electron cloud model, and concluded that you cannot determine the speed or position of an electron as they moved.

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Common element always break down into the same atoms in the same proportions. Atoms can't be created or destroyed.

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He proposed the "chocolate chip cookie cookie" model with a positively charged cloud and electrons, which he discovered, in between. He won the nobel prize for his discoveries.

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In Thomson atom model, J.J. Thomson tried to explain the arrangement of positive charge and the electrons inside the atom.From the study of discharge of electricity through gases, it became clear that an atom consists of positive and negative charges. According to him, an atom is a sphere of positive charge having a radius of the order of 10-10m.

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Rutherford model says that atoms have mostly empty space with a few electrons, While most of the mass was in the center/the nucleus.

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Created the Plum Pudding model (Cookie Dough model)
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/electronic-structure-of-atoms/history-of-atomic-structure/a/discovery-of-the-electron-and-nucleus

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John Dalton discovered that all elements were made up of molecules, and each part of a molecule is an atom. He believed that atoms could never be destroyed.

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1897, English scientist J.J. Thomson. Provided the first hint that atoms were made up of smaller particles.
Theory
Atoms were made up of a positively charged substance with small, scattered, negatively charged electrons inside it.
Experiment
He studied the passage of an electric current through a gas. As that current passed through that gas, it gave off a ray of negatively charged particles. This was surprising because atoms had no charge.
Conclusion
The negative charges must have come from within the atom. That  meant that there has to be a smaller particle within the atom. Since the gas was a neutral charged gas, that meant that if there were negatively charged particles then there must be positively charged particles as well.
Thomson actually never found those positively charged particles.

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Rutherford

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Observe the basics of Rutherford's experiment. What happens? How does this help show what atoms are really like?

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https://www.britannica.com/science/Rutherford-atomic-model

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1.   Ernest Rutherford(1871-1937) was known as the father of nuclear age and was the most illustrious(respected) of all time. 2.   He discovered the nucleus of an atom through a gold foil experiment.
3.   He discovered that atoms were mostly full of empty space.
4. He discovered the atoms and was the world's first successful alchemist (conversion of nitrogen into oxygen)

If he is to atom then Darwin is Evolution

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Thomson's model is remembered by pudding or cookies. The positive matter is the cookie/pudding and the electrons are the toppings such as vanilla wafers or chocolate chips.

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1885-1962
He discovered that electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energies and distances
His model was the planetary Model
Expirements have shown that electrons moved in waves

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J.J. Thomson was the first scientist to discover that atoms are made of smaller particles. He later concluded that these particles have a positive or negative charge.

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First person to discover the electron.

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-Father of nuclear age
-Shot small positively charged alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil. In this experiment, Rutherford demonstrated that the atom has a tiny and heavy nucleus
-Designed an experiment to use the alpha particles emitted by a radioactive element as probes to the unseen world of atomic structure
-Concluded that atoms consisted largely of a lot of space with just a few electrons and most of the mass was concentrated towards the center, nucleus

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Science and Technology Facilities Council

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The Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus (3 of 15)

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Episode 3 of In Search of Giants: Dr Brian Cox takes us on a journey through the history of particle physics. In this episode we learn how Ernest Rutherford conducted a historical experiment that revealed that most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in a tiny nucleus made of protons and neutrons.