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An Act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees

Providing food, shelter, clothing, medical services, and land to displaced Southerners

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Abe was delivering a campaign speech for a Liberal Democratic Party Candidate

He was fatally shot by 41-year-old Tetsuya Yamagami with an improvised firearm

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Andrew Johnson became the 17th president of the United States

Serving from 1865 to 1869

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Control Labor:Southern states, particularly landowners, created Black Codes to ensure a steady, cheap labor force for plantations and businesses.

Restrict Freedom:

The codes were designed to limit the economic, political, and social freedoms of newly freed slaves.

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Congress Passed: January 31, 1865

The 27th State: Georgia's ratification finalized the amendment, meeting the requirement of three-quarters of the states

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The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is an American far-right, white supremacist, and Christian extremist hate group

It rapidly evolved into a secret organization for resisting Reconstruction and maintaining white supremacy after the Civil War

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The United States' first civil rights legislation

Inalienable Rights:Granted these citizens the equal benefit of all laws for the security of person and property, including the right to make and enforce contracts, own and convey property, sue in court, and give evidence

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Three-day rampage by white civilians and police that targeted the city's Black community just one year after the Civil War

Post-Civil War social disruption: With the end of slavery, thousands of formerly enslaved people migrated to Memphis, increasing its Black population and fundamentally altering the city's racial and social dynamics. This shift provoked white hostility and fears of losing dominance

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Were a series of laws passed by the U.S. Congress that divided the former Confederate states into military districts under martial law

Demanding they adopt new constitutions granting voting rights to Black men and ratify the Fourteenth Amendment to be readmitted to the Union

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Citizenship Clause:

Grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States

Due Process Clause:

Prohibits states from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

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These conventions saw significant participation from freedmen (formerly enslaved people), who, for the first time, voted and served as delegates in these meetings.

The newly drafted state constitutions addressed discriminatory Black Codes and established fundamental rights for Black men, including the right to vote and hold office

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Purpose:

To guarantee that the right to vote would not be denied because of a person's race or their status as a former slave.

Context:

It was a critical step during the Reconstruction era, aiming to secure rights for newly freed African Americans after the Civil War

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In 1875 white conservatives in the state came up with the "Mississippi Plan" to insure their victory in the upcoming elections.

This plan used intimidation of black voters and outright fraud to guarantee that white Democrats would take control of the state government.

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The Democratic party recognized Republican Rutherford B. Hayes as the president in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South

The appointment of at least one Southern Democrat to Hayes' cabinet, and a commitment to industrialize the South, allowing for Southern Democrats to regain control of their states