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Youth Orchestras - Arkansas Symphony Orchestra

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Who We Are The Arkansas Symphony Orchestra Youth Ensembles have offered unique performance experiences to Arkansas’ leading student musicians for more than 50 years. With three ensembles and nearly 200 members, the ASOYE serve those ages 9-19, currently from more than 37 communities throughout Arkansas. Returning Members Enroll Here Pay Tuition Online Here Meet the…

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For Educators - Arkansas Symphony Orchestra

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For Educators Book a Quartet Demonstration The Quapaw and Rockefeller String Quartets perform 30-minute demonstration concerts in public and private school settings. Learn More Children’s Concert Experience the beauty of the full Arkansas Symphony Orchestra in concert! Complete with teacher guides and student journals. Learn More Orchestra and You Co-sponsored by the Arkansas Symphony Guild,…

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The Economics of the Music Industry - EconEdLink

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In this economics webinar, focus on old industry models, how technology impacts musicians and how the market will continue changing.

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Welcome to the Careers in Music lesson plans, designed to inspire and educate students in grades 5-12 about the diverse opportunities within the music industry. These lessons aim to expand students’ understanding of the various career paths available in music, from traditional roles like performers and educators to less commonly known professions such as music […]

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"Wild Symphony" by Dan Brown READ by Barbara Tibbetts

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BELLO THE CELLO -  Children's book read aloud - music for kids

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Allegro | Read Along With Me Picture Books

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The strongest evidence for the benefits of music education program comes straight from individuals who have been personally transformed by their music education experiences. The following interview with Kevin Ellman and John Siegler (two-part series). Kevin is a musician and financial planner, and illustrates how powerful musical training can be beyond the realm of music, explaining how his own musical training prepared him for his career by strengthening his skills of active listening, focus, and critical thinking.

Music education helps young people acquire the life skills, traits, and attributes necessary to broaden the horizon of career opportunities in any field of endeavor, not only for careers in music performance or the music industry. The positive effects of music (higher graduation rates, better grades, more positive choices, and relationships with mentors) increases the overall lifetime economic prospects for individuals who have had music education in their lives.

Based on the results of the Spirit of Harmony Foundation's ongoing research, we find that there is comprehensive evidence of the biological, social, and academic benefits of music education, but very little solid research done on the economic benefits. However, based on the biological, social, and academic research that exists, it can be inferred that those benefits manifest in significant short term and long term economic results.

Compared to the general population of children, students who study music are found to have the following traits which result in increased economic success throughout life:

Higher rates of graduation

Increased general academic success

Double the rate of college admission

Better career viability

Heightened abilities to work with others successfully

Good citizenship/lower incarceration rates

Economists find it particularly challenging to attribute economic success to music education because of the difficulty in identifying clear causal relationships. For example, children who have an after-school music program earn better grades, but are the better grades due to the music or to the fact that they are in any after-school program? Another example is music students have far higher rates of high school graduation, but are those rates due to the music education or to the mentorship implicit in music lessons, or to the better grades or socialization skills associated with music education, or other factors?

Finally, as with athletics, there is always the possibility that music education will lead to stardom. While stardom is not a realistic goal in most cases, the music industry offers a wide range of career opportunities, and some of those opportunities can lead to significant earning. Commitment to music education in Detroit public schools in the 1950s, for example, led directly to the abundant musical talent that made Motown so astonishingly spectacular. Here is an article that discusses Music Education in Detroit.

Resources:

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The strongest evidence for the benefits of music education program comes straight from individuals who have been personally transformed by their music education experiences. The following interview with Kevin Ellman and John Siegler (two-part series).

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The TeachRock lesson plan collections feature rich, multimedia materials and bring a new kind of energy into learning through music.

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K‐12 : Student Resources : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

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"Why Learn Economics?" Music Video with Jacob Clifford and M.C. Caskey

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Music Career Finder | Music Business Picks - Careers in Music

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Our list of music occupations in the music industry. Research and discover music occupations, including descriptions and salary information.

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New Report: How Music Powers the American Economy - RIAA

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Washington, D.C. (February 9, 2021) A new report released today by economists Robert Stoner and Jéssica Dutra of Economists, Inc. provides the latest look at the music industry’s contribution to the U.S. economy. The comprehensive report evaluates pre-pandemic data and documents music’s ability to drive job creation and economic growth, especially as the country’s pandemic...Read More »

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The latest show at the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute, " Manus x Machina: Fashion in an Age of Technology," which will be celebrated this evening with the annual Met Gala, looks at the effects of technology on fashion. Through the designs of Karl Lagerfeld, Yves Saint Laurent, and many others, the exhibition traces the changing relationship between the handmade and the machine-made, and shows that recent innovations have brought couture and ready-to-wear closer together as designers use new technologies to enhance, rather than replace, ancient techniques.

In the exhibition's catalog, Andrew Bolton, the curator in charge of the Costume Institute, references Walter Benjamin's 1936 essay "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction." In that piece, the German philosopher famously argued that, although technological reproduction may diminish art's originality and authenticity, it also demolishes hierarchies and erases distances between the work and its audience, making the art more democratic. When Benjamin published that seminal essay, he wasn't writing about music, but he might as well have been. In the 19th and 20th centuries, technological developments-the phonograph, the personal computer-completely transformed not only how we make music, but also how we hear it. Here, 10 technologies that profoundly changed popular music.

The Phonograph Thomas Edison's 1877 invention of the foil-cylinder phonograph fundamentally altered music's place in our lives. It changed the ephemeral nature of music, as performances could be fixed in time and returned to over and over again. Much as mechanical reproduction had done with art, recording democratized music and greatly increased its accessibility. It opened people's ears to genres like folk, jazz, and blues, and remade our relationship to popular music. Previously, listeners had experienced pop songs by hearing orchestras play them in ballrooms or buying the sheet music and gathering round the piano to sing them at home. For a time, then, music became less participatory, but that would soon change.

The Electric Guitar When, in 1941, Les Paul added a neck, strings, tuners, and homemade pickups to a 4-by-4 pine slab that he dubbed the Log, audiences balked. They weren't prepared to see a musician wrest melodies from a solid block of wood, so Paul added false sides to give it a more familiar shape. That and the instrument's rich, sustaining tone won over showgoers. It would take Paul another decade to convince the Gibson Guitar Corporation to mass-produce a solid-body electric guitar, but Gibson debuted a model in 1952, named, of course, for Les Paul. As rock 'n' roll exploded, the electric guitar-cheap, loud, and relatively easy to play-became one of the most popular means of musical expression.

Multitrack Recording Multitrack recording, another innovation credited to Les Paul, introduced collage-a critical feature of modern art-into popular music. Multitracking freed musicians from the constraints of performance and replaced live, in-the-studio recording sessions. Now each element of a composition could be recorded separately and assembled later through editing. Without multitracking, celebrated pop albums like Pet Sounds and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band would have been impossible to record.

Effects Pedals Studio tricks like echo, reverb, distortion, and phasing introduced unusual sounds into pop music. Duane Eddy's twangy guitar tone, for instance, came courtesy of his friend Lee Hazlewood, who turned a grain elevator into an echo chamber. Many of these effects, though, were totally impractical for live performance. Eventually, companies created portable units so that musicians could re-create these sounds easily, bringing them out of the studio and onto the stage, as Jimi Hendrix famously did with his array of fuzz, wah, and chorus pedals.

Synthesizers The first synthesizers were designed to mimic, even replace, orchestras, but they were so big and expensive, they couldn't be transported to performance venues. As technology improved and costs came down, companies like Moog and Buchla introduced modular synths-they were smaller, cheaper, and easier to play, and became available to a broader range of people. Synths offered up wholly new sounds and enabled musicians to write and perform compositions that would have been impossible beforehand.

The Turntable The turntable began as a playback device, but in the 1970s, dance and hip-hop DJs started to use it as a way to offer unique interpretations of other musicians' recordings. With a mixer and two turntables, DJs would lengthen songs by bouncing back and forth between copies of the same LP. Every replaying of a song could potentially become a unique performance. This innovation introduced subjectivity into the way popular music could be presented and led DJs to release their own remixes that audiences could listen to at home.

The Walkman In 1979, Sony introduced the Walkman, a personal cassette player that offered its users portability and privacy. Unlike boom boxes, the Walkman had headphones rather than speakers, which allowed listeners to inhabit their own hermetically sealed worlds. Individuals could control the way they experienced music as they went about their daily routines. Though we've long been accustomed to privately communing with our devices in public, the Walkman was the first popular invention to create a dynamic in which-for better or worse-social participation and interaction took a backseat to personal enjoyment.

MIDI An acronym for Musical Instrument Digital Interface, MIDI is the technology that allowed musicians to hook up, synchronize, and play multiple electronic instruments simultaneously. After it became the industry standard in 1983, MIDI-enabled synthesizers and other devices-such as the Roland TR-909 drum machine, which defined electronic dance genres like techno and house-became essential instruments.

Auto-Tune Musicians have been altering the human voice since long before the 1970s. But when Kraftwerk appropriated the Vocoder-a processor developed in the 1930s-on such songs as "Autobahn" and "The Robots," it evoked a dehumanizing effect. Similarly, producers began employing Auto-Tune regularly in the late 1990s to correct off-key singing. When intentionally used incorrectly, Auto-Tune produces an uncanny distancing sensation on songs like Cher's "Believe" and Kanye West's album 808s and Heartbreak. Auto-Tune's cyborg lilt sent a subconscious message: No matter how poor your sense of melody, you, too, could be a pop star.

The Personal Computer As a means of recording and editing sound, the personal computer has arguably altered music as profoundly as Edison's foil cylinder. Though digitization has separated music from its medium, it has also given artists untold freedom and levels of control. Pro Tools, Ableton, Logic Pro: These and other programs let musicians work on recordings anywhere they can plug in their laptops. The proliferation of personal computers has also meant that artists can release their music in unorthodox ways: Radiohead has issued all its recordings since 2007 as downloads first, while Beyoncé has released her last few albums and singles online, without warning. The iPad, that all-purpose device, offers more music-making apps than any technological platform before it. And digitization gives people an inexpensive, easy way to remix music themselves, allowing fans a hands-on engagement that is in some ways a throwback to when people bought sheet music to play popular songs at home. The personal computer, in other words, has made music more participatory again, and more democratic. Walter Benjamin would approve.

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The phonograph, the electric guitar, the personal computer, and seven other technologies that completely transformed pop music.

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Free Resources for the Classroom

Please browse the map to find world music curricular experiences from Smithsonian Folkways' Network of Music Educators. All lessons can be downloaded in PDF format.

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Free resources for the classroom Please browse the following map to find world music curricular experiences from Smithsonian Folkways' Network of Music Educators. All lessons can be downloaded in PDF format.

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Recommended for teachers K-5.

Authored by Dr. Curt Anderson, Geanie Channell and Deborah Shearer under the leadership of Economics Arkansas, Grab & Go--Concept Guides tell the story of economics in a set of 12 thoughtfully sequenced concept statements.

Each guide contains

concept background with examples

introductory activity

3 reproducible activity pages with teaching notes

key points for students

extension ideas

Arkansas Social Studies Curriculum Framework

Each guide has been aligned with the Economics Strand of the most recent Arkansas Social Studies Standards adopted by the Arkansas State Board of Education in 2022.

Click here to download correlations to the Compact Concept Connectors.

Topics and Online Connections

Guide 1: WANTS, GOODS, SERVICES, CONSUMERS
Online Connections:Forecasting Economics

Guide 2: RESOURCES, PRODUCERS
Online Connections:How Everyday Things are Made, I, Pencil: The Movie

Guide 3: SCARCITY, ALLOCATION METHODS
Online Connections:Oh Scarcity Sing-a-long, Scarcity Video and Quiz

Guide 4: CHOICES, TRADE-OFFS, OPPORTUNITY COSTS
Online Connections:Once Upon a Decision E-Book, Opportunity Cost and Video, The Perfect Pet

Guide 5: SPECIALIZATION, PRODUCTIVITY, INTERDEPENDENCE
Online Connections: Specialists Light Up Our Lives

Guide 6: BARTER, EXCHANGE
Online Connections:A Pet for Beans from "Jack and the Beanstalk," Lewis and Clark Barter with the Native Americans, The Perfect Breakfast, Trade to the Tailor

Guide 7: MONEY, TRADE
Online Connections:Barter - Trade - Comical but So True, The Story of Money, What Makes Something Useful as Money

Guide 8: BUYERS, SELLERS, MARKET, PRICE
Online Connections:Florida Fresh Produce

Guide 9: INCOME, HUMAN CAPITAL
Online Connections:Current Compensation Survey, US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Morris Goes to School, How I Can Earn Money

Guide 10: EXPENDITURES, SAVING
Online Connections:A Chair for My Mother, A Penny Saved is a Penny at 4.7% Earned

Guide 11: ENTREPRENEUR, COST OF PRODUCTION, REVENUE, PROFIT
Online Connections:Introducing Entrepreneurs, Young Entrepreneurs in Action: Nesha Sanghavie

Guide 12: TAXES, GOVERNMENT-PROVIDED GOODS AND SERVICES
Online Connections:Who Pays? Who Benefits? Who Provides?, Tax Man Max

Download the Guides

© Economics Arkansas 2023

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Grab & Go Economics--Concept Guides | Economics Arkansas | The Story of Economics

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Developed by Economics Arkansas and Curt Anderson, PhD., Geanie Channel and Debbie Shearer, Grab & Go Economics-- Concept Guides tell the story of economics in 12 thoughtfully sequences concept statements.

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In my series of posts about different musical instruments, I have, over time, managed to cover most of the most common instruments that feature in Western music – those instruments that your …

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Taking Note: An Economic Study of Symphony Orchestras

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This article is a reprinting of a blog originally posted on ArtWorks. See that post at http://www.arts.gov/artworks/?p=11955.