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Please read carefully!

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Walid has kindly made a very informative video about what you will be reading on engineering degree, next year at UoL.

If you have a minute please watch and give some feedback below.

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1 I understood more my fellow colleagues because as a connector I didn't fully understand everything so the highlighter helped me the keywords and meanings

2)

better vocabulary

3) the leader

4) not really I felt I did more than the others 5)

I citied orally

6)

we all dominated in participated equally 7)

everything was clear and detailed without any arguments or misunderstandings group 4 leader nayef highlighter Hamza Elgredly

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Reading Material Year 1 Physics and Engineering 

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Reading Material Year 1 Physics and Engineering 

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Saman has kindly put together a list of core texts you will be using next year. Feel free to download this for reference.

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Materials that Engineering students will use

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This page is for you to post ideas in group and individual work.

You can add a post and also comment on other people's post.

Remember to be respectful. All bad language will be deleted, alongside any inappropriate images.

Your teacher will show you how to post; just ask.

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Make a post by introducing yourself to the class and your new AES tutor (click on the blue button in the bottom right corner).

You can tell us about any of the following:

your experience/ thoughts on learning English

your hometown/ country/people in your country

hobbies and interests

family and pets

experiences you have had so far

first impressions of LISC/ Leeds/ UK

future plans/ career and personal

Feel free to upload a picture/ video (ask Molly if you are not sure how to do this).

Keep it polite, NO bad language please.

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What do you think you’ll be reading at university, as an undergraduate student? 

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What do you think you’ll be reading at university, as an undergraduate student? 

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Discuss in pairs/ groups & make a list: e.g. textbooks/ chapters from core texts

Post your ideas with your team names on Padlet.

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What do you think you are going to study in AES? Add your ideas below

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How to read a journal article in 10 mins (Tuesday follow up task)

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How to read a journal article in 10 mins (Tuesday follow up task)

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Listen to the video and make notes on the advice David gives on how to successfully read an academic journal text in 10 minutes. Bring your ideas to check with your tutor.

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How to Read a Journal Article in 10 Minutes or Less

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1. Please check your role and then download the corresponding worksheet on this page (in purple).

2. Download the article; AES- week 2- session 2-ARC1 journal articles-Engineering and Physics- vertical gardens.
BINGO!

3. Read the article and complete your worksheet. You can work with other students doing the same role or work alone.

4.Bring your completed worksheet to class (session 1 AES next week) and be ready to discuss.

Have fun!

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If you are the leader in your ARC download this worksheet.

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Please put your reflection in the comment section below:

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If you are the highlighter, an important job, download this worksheet.

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2. Highlighter worksheet (with examples)

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If you are a connector in ARC download this worksheet.

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Well done for completing your ARC 1 and putting your reflections on here. We hope you got a lot out of it.

In week 5, you will be doing a second ARC in the same groups, but different roles this time.

This week, you also looked at source evaluation.

In this post, some useful questions you can use to help you when finding sources for your research.

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Eva Sources checklist CRAAP ADD TO PADLETS

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1. yes

2. yes

3. yes

4. no

5. partially

6. partially

7. yes

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1. Yes in Febuary 8, 2022

2. yes

3. yes

4. its doesnt say so i would assume no

5. partially

6. somewhat

7. yes

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Q1) Yes

Q2) Yes

Q3) we don't know the author

Q4) No

Q5) No

Q6) Yes

Q7) it has been commissioned by an organization

Hatem Alamri and Mohammad Gama

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Yes it is recent.

Yes it matches the topic.

No author name is shown.

No it is not peer-reviewed.

No it has no proof or sources.

No it gives opinion only.

No it is from a university.

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This is the source for ARC 2. You need to read and complete your worksheet (according to your new role). Bring to class Thursday 6th 11-12 to present and discuss in groups.

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Formative Assessment Week 5 IMPORTANT!!!!!

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Formative Assessment Week 5 IMPORTANT!!!!!

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Please make sure you complete and upload your annotated/ highlighted PDF by Friday 7th November. Upload on Study Smart- assessments-scroll down to folder. Add your name and class name on the file.

****Anyone who does not submit will attend extra classes and be called in for a meeting.

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After your ARC discussion, download this word document and complete as a group. Then reupload it to Padlet with your group names, so your AES tutor can check.

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paraphrasing means saying something in your own words

we can do it by changing the words using synonyms

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Paraphrasing means restating someone else’s ideas in your own words while keeping the same meaning.

using synonyms and use different connecting words and keep key terms that are necessary .

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Paraphrasing means expressing someone else’s ideas or information in your own words, while keeping the original meaning the same.

1. To show understanding – When you paraphrase, you prove that you truly understand the idea, not just repeat it.

2. Find key ideas – Identify the main points or message you need to keep.

3. Change the structure – Rearrange the sentence order or combine short sentences into one (or vice versa).

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Paraphrasing is restating someone else’s ideas in your own words while keeping the same meaning.

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1 Paraphrasing is - changing someone's idea to your own words

2 - To create a new way of describing an idea

3 - ?

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1.Paraphrasing is re-setting someone's else idea in your own words while keeping the original message and citing source.

2.we do it to avoid plagiarism

3.Read and understand the orignal text completely

cite the source

change the sentence structure and use synonyms

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Question: How far do you agree that the government is right to increase the retirement age?

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This might help you to understand the writing exam is marked.

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EX 3 Writing Exam Mark Sheet_STUDENT VERSION 2023 (1)

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Here is the practice reading. I will post the questions.

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ARC3 - The global environmental injustice of fast fashion

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Please talk to your group and decide on your role; leader/ highlighter or connector (only 1 leader more than one commector or highlighter). Download your worksheet and complete BEFORE Thursday.

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Please look at this student-friendly marking criteria to see how and where we award marks in your summarive speaking.

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Seminar A Questions: Sustainability and Fast Fashion 

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Seminar A Questions: Sustainability and Fast Fashion 

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Here are your seminar A questions (choice of 2). Please download and start making notes. Remember hand-written notes only and do NOT write full sentences/ paragraphs (this will be taken off you at the start of your speaking).

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I see your point, you mean paying workers low wages. But in this time, workers are paid minimum wage and fairly.

I agree with that, because some countries have low minimum wages, and we have to be aware of how clothes are made.

We not only need to consider the pros, but also the cons.

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Well, as a consumer, I care most about the supply chain and where the clothes were made. You know in terms of exploitation of workers.

I see your point, you mean that the way products are made affects workers rights, but we should also think about how sustainable the materials are.

I agree with that, because many companies hide poor working conditions, so being aware of the supply chain is really important.

We not only need to consider how workers are treated, but also how the production process impacts the environment.

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well, as a consumers, I care most about the supply chain and where the clothes were made. You Know it terms of exploitation of workers i see your points you mean for example worker in Bangladesh who work at a sweetshop but you also have to think about the environmental impact, many factories pollute the air and water so it not only about workers rights but also the wider effect on the planet i agree with that because knowing the condition of where cloths are made helps us make more ethical decision as consumers.

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I see you point, you mean as a consumer you care more about where the clothes were made and the workers abuse but, also we need to consider the materials that are being used in the production I agree with that workers shouldn't be exploited but, we need to keep in mind the production cost because it affects the final price

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Well, as a consumer, I care most about the supply chain and where the clothes were made. You know in terms of exploitation of workers. I see your point, you mean workers from China, India and Thailand but aren't companies nowadays shifting to different countries who started paying their workers fairly for example USA? I agree with that companies also started paying workers more due to the pressure from the people and media. We not only need to consider the wages of the workers but also the safety of their lives, for example, factories in India lack safety measurements which put workers lives at risk.

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What are the mistakes to avoid in the seminar?

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What are the mistakes to avoid in the seminar?

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signposting language in seminar discussions

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Group A download and type on this document 

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Group A download and type on this document 

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Sample writing exam answer on retirement highlighted errors Group A

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Group B download and type on this document 

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Group B download and type on this document 

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Sample writing exam answer on retirement highlighted errors Group B

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24-25 Mock Exam D Writing Question Paper

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Example Essay Analysis: download and work with  patner

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Example Essay Analysis: download and work with  patner

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Analysis of essay example with questions STUDENT Copy

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Saud Aljayzani, Paragraph 2 - Conclusion (Partner is Rakan Alhumaidan)

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Saud Aljayzani, Paragraph 2 - Conclusion (Partner is Rakan Alhumaidan)

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These benefits may be true, but according to Penec (2014), money isn't the only factor to happiness, as there is the environment and stress levels to consider as well.
Futrelle (2014) also states thhat happiness comes from meeting basic needs, but any more wealth afterwards does not grant more happiness
Penec (2014) further claims that the richer a person becomes, the more they start demanding of their wealth, which feeds into a growing gluttony for them.

Points that Knapton (2017) stated are outweighed by similar counter arguements by Penec (2014), stating that environment effects happiness too, and not just money. 
Along with Penec (2014) further stressing that richer people become more demanding, which is a need that will never be filled.

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Mohammed Al Ansari

Abdullah Abokhattab

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dareen

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can money buy happiness - Dareen Albahkali 

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SFSP6  Seminar B Schedule - Student version

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(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ss0E45UAmPY

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Take a look at this link to some really useful language for writing your ACE.

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There are many ways to introduce an academic essay or short paper. Most academic writers, however, appear to do one or more of the following in their introductions:

establish the context, background and/or importance of the topic

present an issue, problem, or controversy in the field of study

define the topic and/or key terms used in the paper

state the purpose of the essay or short paper

provide an overview of the coverage and/or structure of the writing

Slightly less complex introductions may simply inform the reader: what the topic is, why it is important, and how the writing is organised. In very short assignments, it is not uncommon for a writer to commence simply by stating the purpose of their writing.

Introductions to research dissertations and theses tend to be relatively short compared to the other sections of the text but quite complex in terms of their functional elements. Some of the more common elements include:

establishing the context, background and/or importance of the topic

giving a brief review of the relevant academic literature

identifying a problem, controversy or a knowledge gap in the field of study

stating the aim(s) of the research and the research questions or hypotheses

providing a synopsis of the research design and method(s)

explaining the significance or value of the study

defining certain key terms

providing an overview of the dissertation or report structure

Examples of phrases which are commonly employed to realise these functions can be seen by clicking on the headings listed below. Note that there may be a certain amount of overlap between some of the categories under which the phrases are listed. Also, the order in which the different categories of phrases are shown reflects a typical order but this is far from fixed or rigid, and not all the elements are present in all introductions.

A number of analysts have identified common patterns in the introductions of research articles. One of the best known patterns is the CARS model (create a research space) first described by John Swales (1990). This model, which utilises an ecological metaphor, has, in its simplest form, three elements or moves:

Establishing the territory (establishing importance of the topic, reviewing previous work)

Identifying a niche (indicating a gap in knowledge)

Occupying the niche (listing purpose of new research, listing questions, stating the value of the work, indicating the structure of the writing)

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There are many ways to introduce an academic essay or short paper.

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Topic sentences are the first sentence of your body paragraphs.

They act as a signal to show the reader what is coming in the paragraph.

They should not contain too much detail or explanation (save that for the middle of your paragraph).

Do not include citations; they should be written in your own words.

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This is part of your formative submission on the 13th Feb.

Don't worry about paraphrasing the evidence at this stage: you can summarise or copy and paste for now.

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You might find this useful in terms of how to structure your paragraph. Skip the video and scroll down for some good examples.

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How to Use the PEEL Model in Your Thesis

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Writing a clear and convincing thesis isn’t just about having good ideas—it’s about knowing how to present them effectively. That’s where paragraph structure becomes crucial. If your arguments feel scattered, your evidence lacks explanation, or your reader loses track of your point, your thesis will struggle to make the impact it deserves. Enter the PEEL ... Read more

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Computing, maths and engineering 

Question 

An increasing number of e-commerce businesses are migrating to cloud computing in order to 
maximize practical value. Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of using cloud computing in 
business. Identify and evaluate two potential solutions to the risks. 

Discuss the impact of renewable energy technologies on the sustainability of the global 
energy sector. Evaluate the effectiveness of these technologies in reducing greenhouse gas 
emissions and addressing energy challenges. Provide examples and evidence to support your 
analysis. 

Plastic pollution is becoming recognised as a major problem for our environment and living 
organisms. Outline efforts to create new types of plastics/plastic-substitutes which are easier 
to recycle or dispose of. Evaluate how likely these methods are to be successful with 
consumers and industry. 

The increased use of AI and robotics in manufacturing has already brought about change in 
employment. Outline and evaluate the impact of technological development on youth 
employment. 

AC transmission is a mature field while DC transmission is coming of age due to recent 
technological advances. Identify the pros and cons of HVAC and HVDC transmission 
techniques. Evaluate their effectiveness, giving examples of scenarios where one technique 
outperforms the other. 

While âbig dataâ has facilitated many social and environmental advances and opportunities, it 
is also argued that it presents real ethical and practical problems. Analyse two major 
applications of âbig dataâ and based on your assessment, evaluate whether the advantages of 
âbig dataâ outweigh its drawbacks. 

Find an example of a sustainable urban community. Identify how the infrastructure has been 
developed to incorporate sustainable living and evaluate how it has reduced pollution and 
promoted the use of renewable energy. 

Researchers from Imperial College London (2016) stated: âFrom meteorology to economics, a 
wealth of scientific research will be necessary to improve our understanding of climate 
change, its impacts and what we can do to prepare for themâ¦Mathematics is critical in saving 
our planet.â Describe the ways in which mathematics can be applied to combat climate 
change. To what extent do you agree with the statement that âMathematics is critical in saving 
our planetâ. 

Discuss the key challenges in retrofitting the UK's existing housing stock to improve energy 
efficiency. Identify and evaluate possible strategies to overcome these challenges. 

Discuss the principles and applications of hypothesis testing in statistical analysis. Evaluate 
the role of hypothesis testing in determining the significance of relationships, making 
predictions, and supporting scientific claims. 


 

 



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AES Computing Maths and Engineering research questions

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It can be argued that social media has a large impact on the youth of this generation, as the amount of young users that use social media is above 60%, and that the average screen time is 2 hours per day and more. There are three points to discuss in terms of their negative effects, first being insecurity. Using social media exposes a person to the highlight reels of others which, in young people, will compare their own lives and feel a sense of envy. Additionally, likes and comments can be used as social currency, and even weaponised against youth as a way to put a price value on their content, where they only see the value of their posts based on the engagement it gains. Furthermore, the effect of FOMO has become normalised amongst young people, which can cause a sense of anxiety whenever something is missed out on them, and even withdrawal disorders if it continues.

-Saud Hussain Aljayzani

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Impact of Social Media On Youth - by Katana Mbevi {TEDX Youth }

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Impact of Social Media On Youth - by Katana Mbevi {TEDX Youth }

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Social Media is a major part of young people's daily lives . Social media platforms shapes how young people think, feel , and see themselves . As Kenin University stated that around 60% of youth are active social media users which indicates many negative factors . This essay will argue that social media has many drawbacks on youth.

There are many negative impacts which affects Youths when using social media. One of the factors is Stress and Insecurity which is caused by social media . Young people constantly compares themselves to others , seeing "perfect lives " online as the speaker Katana Mbevi stated can lead to low self-esteem and self-doubt . Other major drawback is social currency where likes ,comments and shares act as a social currency . Where popularity is being measured by numbers, not real values as we begin to see ourselves as the product ,traded for attraction and engagement through the platforms . Most people delete photos if they dont get enough likes because they feel " it's not good enough " . Moreover to that social media create fomo (fear of missing out ). Seeing others having fun or achieving success causes social anxiety. Especially youth may feel excluded ,behind , or pressured to keep up social media trends .

Overall the impact of social media can connect and inspire , but it also increases anxiety ,encourages compression , and affects mental health .

Names : Dareen Albahkali , Misfer Alshamrami

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Young people can easily be negatively affected by social media. This essay argues that social media has negative effects on young people. According to Mbevi (2019), young people are affected by social media in three main ways. First, insecurity: when young people see the lives of famous people they admire, they begin to question why they do not live the same way. Second, social currency: young people start posting photos and videos to gain likes and followers, which makes them measure their value based on online reactions. Finally, the fear of missing out (FOMO): they feel they are falling behind in life because they see others trying new things that they have not experienced, which can result in social anxiety.

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This is an argument that social media cause negative impacts on young people such as Insecurity, Social currency, and Fear of missing out. First of all, insecurity is that the youth is lack of confidence of themselves. Constant comparison with people you followed can make people feel more insecure. For example, in terms of highlight reels which the younger generation was used to compare with others. Different lifestyle will cause anxiety to them.  Furthermore, social currency which is the likes, comments, and share. People usually define their self-worth according to what other people think of them.

Rayan Alatwi, Lexi

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There is an ongoing argument that social media has a negative impact on today’s youth. Firstly, social media can cause a great deal of insecurity among young people because they see influencers highlighting what looks like their best life. As a result, they may begin to envy them, especially because they cannot afford to live the same lifestyle. Furthermore, many young people may struggle with self-confidence when they upload a video and it does not receive as many likes as they expected. This can lead them to delete the video, believing it is bad or embarrassing. Lastly, young people may experience something called FOMO (fear of missing out). When they see their friends going to the beach or enjoying life, they may feel anxious and believe they are missing out on important experiences. Overall, It would seem like social media has a negative impact on youth people

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Ali Fayez

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Negative Impact of Social Media on youth

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Negative Impact of Social Media on youth

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The negative effects of social media on young people is highly addressed. First of all, one of the main negative effects is insecurity, people usually compare themselves to whom they see in social media; where most of the people only post their good part of their lives, however,  people often lack in confidence due to the comparision they make with these posts and moments which leads to insecurity. Futhermore, social currnecy is a term used to describe the amount of likes, comments, shares and etc... and this sometimes causes people to doubt their ability and self worth if they didn’t reached the expected target. Finally, the last negative effect is (FOMO) ‘Fear of missing out’. FOMO causes people aniexty where it puts them in a position that they want to know the latest events and trends so they could not miss out anything. In the end, social media have different negative effects which causes social aniexty, lack of confidence, and self doubts on young people.

- Marwan Albastaki/Hussain Darwish

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Your formative is due on Friday 13th NOT the 12th (good news).

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Synthesizing Sources - Purdue OWL® - Purdue University

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Use this checklist once you have completed your essay draft.

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Proofreading checklist - ACE DRAFT Session 3

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Session 1 Hedging, stance and Counterargument 

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Session 1 Hedging, stance and Counterargument 

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Week 17 Session 1 Paragraph for hedging and stance

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Text for Debate: Should university be free? 

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Text for Debate: Should university be free? 

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https://research.com/universities-colleges/should-college-be-free

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No such thing as Free Education (good source for counterargument paragraph)

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No such thing as Free Education (good source for counterargument paragraph)

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Counterargument Paragraph with Rebuttal-Example 

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Counterargument Paragraph with Rebuttal-Example 

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Feel free to use this as a model when constructing your own counterargument paragraph.

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Brookings Institution (2016) – Who Would Benefit Most from Free College?
Shows that making tuition free does not significantly reduce inequality and that students from higher-income families benefit the most because they are already more likely to attend university.

OECD – Education at a Glance (various years)
Finds that in countries with free tuition, such as Germany, students from advantaged backgrounds are still over represented in higher education.

UCAS / UK Government historical data (1980s)
Shows that when university was mostly free in the UK, only around 14–15% of young people attended, and students from wealthier backgrounds were far more likely to enter higher education.

European Economic Review (2024) – The effects of free college tuition on enrollment and completion
Finds that free tuition increases enrollment but does not significantly improve graduation or completion rates.

International Journal of Educational Development (2023) – Study on Chile
Shows that after tuition became free, first-year dropout rates remained high, especially among low-income students.

Economics of Education Review (2022) – Chile case study
Finds unintended negative effects of free tuition on student persistence and outcomes.

Brookings Institution (multiple analyses)
Shows that living costs such as rent, food, and transport are often bigger barriers to success than tuition fees.

Scottish Government / Universities Scotland reports
Show that despite free tuition, students from poorer backgrounds are still less likely to complete degrees, mainly due to cost-of-living pressures.

Vision 2030 / Human Capability Development Program (HCDP)
Shows that Saudi Arabia does not provide free university education for everyone. Instead, it uses targeted scholarship programs that fund only students who meet academic requirements, choose priority majors, and maintain performance. This proves support is conditional and selective, not free for all.

Saudi Ministry of Education Scholarship regulations
Confirms that Saudi scholarships require students to maintain a minimum GPA and approved study plan, and funding can be withdrawn if conditions are not met. This shows scholarships are earned support, not free education.

Saudi Government Scholarship Strategy reports (post-2020)
Show that scholarships are designed to control public spending, focus on needed skills, and ensure students take education seriously — explaining why Saudi Arabia chose scholarships instead of making education free for everyone.“Saudi Arabia proves that education doesn’t need to be free for everyone it needs to be targeted, conditional, and based on commitment.”

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Economy, Healthcare & Inflation

Point 1: Free education cuts healthcare and security

Government budgets are limited.

More education spending = less for hospitals & safety.

Evidence: OECD (2023)

“Every pound spent has an opportunity cost.”

Point 2: Free education increases inflation

Large public spending raises inflation.

Higher taxes, higher living costs.

Evidence: International Monetary Fund

“Free education today means higher prices tomorrow.”

Point 3: Public opinion supports paying based on ability

Many people prefer fair fees over free-for-all.

Evidence: Ipsos Scotland survey

“Fair doesn’t mean free — it means targeted.”

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Motivation & Quality

Point 1: Free education reduces motivation

No financial stake = less commitment.

Moral hazard: people value things less when they’re free.

Point 2: Evidence of lower persistence

Free-tuition students more likely to drop out.

Compared to merit-based aid students.

Evidence: International Journal of Educational Development (Chile, 2023)

Point 3: Fees improved outcomes in England

Funding per student increased.

Participation did not fall.

Evidence: Economics of Education Review (2019)

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Ali Fayez

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Motivation & Quality

Point 1: Free education reduces motivation

No financial stake = less commitment.

Moral hazard: people value things less when they’re free.

Point 2: Evidence of lower persistence

Free-tuition students more likely to drop out.

Compared to merit-based aid students.

Evidence: International Journal of Educational Development (Chile, 2023)

Point 3: Fees improved outcomes in England

Funding per student increased.

Participation did not fall.

Evidence: Economics of Education Review (2019)

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Mohammed Al Ansari, Hussain Darwish, Abdullah Al Kuwari

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Mohammed Al Ansari, Hussain Darwish, Abdullah Al Kuwari

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Free tuition is costly and requires heavy public funding

Research shows that replacing tuition fees with public funding would require substantial government spending, creating a burden on taxpayers and public budgets.

Citation: Brighouse, H., What’s Wrong with Tuition-Free Four-Year Public College?, Educational Theory, 2023.

2. Free university does not guarantee better access or completion

Critics argue that simply removing tuition doesn’t ensure higher rates of degree completion and can fail to address deeper issues in higher education systems.

Citation: Deming, D.J., The Economics of Free College, Education Finance and Policy, 2025.

3. It may not address core obstacles to college attendance

Research from the Wharton School finds that college preparedness is a bigger barrier for low-income students than tuition costs, implying free tuition alone won’t close access gaps.

Citation: Ebrahimian, M., Why College Tuition Should Not Be Free, Knowledge at Wharton, University of Pennsylvania, 2021.

4. Free tuition can strain university funding and quality

Evidence shows that under free-tuition models, universities may face underfunding that limits resources for teaching and research, which could harm quality.

Citation: de Gayardon, A., The Free-Tuition Movement, Higher Education Policy, 2020.

5. Free tuition can be regressive in effect

Analyses indicate that abolishing tuition fees often benefits higher-income students more (because they are more likely to attend) while costing the general public.

Citation: Conlon, G., The Pros and Cons of Abolishing Tuition Fees, Wonkhe, 2017.

6. Free college may attract students not prepared for higher education

Britannica highlights arguments that tuition-free systems can lead some students who aren’t prepared for academic study to enrol, potentially wasting public resources and lowering completion rates.

Citation: Free College: Pros and Cons, Britannica, 2025.

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Speaking and Listening skills reflection Week 18

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Speaking and Listening skills reflection Week 18

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Speaking and Listening - Skills Reflection; Progression Review Week

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A very good interactive Guide to Academic Writing

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A very good interactive Guide to Academic Writing

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This includes a section on academic style.

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Academic writing avoids emotional language, cliché and value judgements: fantastic, brilliant, rubbish a hot topic... the other side of the coin... a beautiful sculpture Academic writing avoids personal pronouns (usually): evidence suggests instead of I think a sample was taken

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Referencing Guide UoL Harvard (quick guide)

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Referencing Guide UoL Harvard (quick guide)

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Log in here with your SG email login for advice and more practice in reading, listening and writing Exam B 

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Log in here with your SG email login for advice and more practice in reading, listening and writing Exam B 

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Please check your time and day carefully. Do not change or swap with someone without talking to your tutor first.

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PPT Review of citing and referencing (Friday's Class)

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PPT Review of citing and referencing (Friday's Class)

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Week 19 Session 2 UoL Referencing and Citations (Teacher)