# data[].attributes.headline
T /F: Decide whether the following statements are true or false

# data[].attributes.subject
T /F: Decide whether the following statements are true or false

# data[].attributes.body
1- Phonology studies the phonemic system of a language.True page 40
2- The approaches to phoneme have seen it as a psychological entity, as a family of sounds and a functional unit. True  page 41
3- The functional view regards the phoneme as a family of sounds. False page 42
4- The phoneme is a minimal distinctive unit of sounds in a language. True  page44
5- The allophones of a phoneme are concrete realizations of that phoneme. The phoneme is an abstract unit. False page44
6- All phonemes can be regarded as being made up of a number of distinctive features. True   page46
7- Allophones of a phoneme are made up of only non-distinctive features. False
8- An allophone is a predictable phonetic variant of a phoneme.True
9- RP is the type of pronunciation employed in America.False
10- Phonemic transcription is based on the principle “One symbol per phoneme”True

# data[].attributes.headline
III- Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer

# data[].attributes.subject
III- Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer

# data[].attributes.body
1- Which of the following is not true?
A- The phoneme is the smallest distinctive unit of sound in a language.
B- The phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a language which can distinguish two morphemes or two words.
C- The allophones of the same phoneme must show phonetic similarity to one another.
D- The allophones of the same phoneme must occur in the same phonetic context.
2-……………. regards the phoneme as the minimal sound unit by which meanings may be differentiated.
A- The mentalist view
B- The physical view
C- The functional view
D- The abstract view
3- Allophones are known as …………………..
A- the predictable syllabic
B- the predictable phonetic
C- the predictable morphological
D- the predictable textual
4. Which of the following is not a segmental phoneme? Segmental phoneme is distinction which is made between the vowels and consonants of a particular language
A- the vowel
B- the stress
C- the consonant
D- the diphthong (vowels)
5- Which of the following words form a minimal pair?
A- bat-bite
B- thin-free
C- bat-she
D- ship-three
6- Which of the following pairs of phoneme differs in two distinctive features?
A- /p –b/
B- /t –d/
C- /k –g/
D- /p –z/
7- How many phonemes are there in the word teaching?
t i: t͡ʃ ɪŋ .
A- 2
B- 3
C- 4
D- 5
8- The initial vowel of economics could be either /i:/ or /e/ according to the variation in the pronunciation of different speakers. These sounds are said to be …………… in that particular word.
A- free variation
B- positional variation
C- distinctive variation
D- significant variation
9- A/ An ………………transcription is based on the principle “one symbol per phoneme”.
A- allophone
B- phonemic
C- narrow
D- non –distinctive
10- When the word meat is transcribed as [mĩ:t], ……………… transcription is used.
A- allophonic
B- phonemic
C- narrow
D- morphophonemic

# data[].attributes.headline
What are the phonological differences between RP and GA?

# data[].attributes.subject
What are the phonological differences between RP and GA?

# data[].attributes.body
- Standard British pronunciation: Received Pronunciation (RP)
- Standard American pronunciation: General American (GA)
1: RP is non-rhotic, GA is rhotic
2: RP having the back unrounded open vowel /ɑː/ in many words. Meanwhile, GA has a front open unrounded vowel /æ/ in many words.
3: RP uses two phonemes /ɒ/ (spot) and /ɑː/ (spa), GA speakers use /ɑ/ for both instead.
4: RP uses Three Diphthongs /ɪər/, /ʊər/, /eər/, for examble hair /heər/, near /nɪər/, pure /pjʊər/. In GA, they are replaced by /ɪr/, /ʊr/, /er/, for examble hair /her/, near/nɪr/, pure /pjʊr/
5:  In GA, the IPA length symbol (ː) in unstressed syllable is often omitted
6: The distinction between unstressed  /ɪ/ and /ə/ is sometimes lost In GA. In RP it is retained.
7: Conservative RP has /ɪ/ not having undergone happy-tensing, where GA has /i/ in an unstressed syllable at the end of a morpheme.
8: The instructive R of many RP speaker is absent in GAm.
9: In GA, the Flapping is common. When either a /t/ or a /d/ occurs between a sonorant phoneme and an unstressed vowel phoneme. This sounds like a /d/ to RP speakers. E.g better -bedder
10: For some RP speakers (upper class), similarly the pour-poor merger is common in RP but not in GAm, the merger of relevant vowels
11: Yod dropping occurs inGAm after all alveolar consonants, historic /ju:/ , is pronounced /u;/ on a stressed syllable.

# data[].attributes.headline
What are the functions of the rules of phonology? What are different rules of phonology?

# data[].attributes.subject
What are the functions of the rules of phonology? What are different rules of phonology?

# data[].attributes.body
The function of the phonological rules is to provide the phonetic information necessary for the pronunciation of utterances.
Phonological rules can be roughly divided into five types: Assimilation rule, Dissimilation rules, Feature-changing rules, Segment-deletion and segment – insertion rules, Movement (metathesis) rules.

# data[].attributes.headline
What is a phoneme according to the functional view?

# data[].attributes.subject
What is a phoneme according to the functional view?

# data[].attributes.body
•The function view regards the phoneme as the minimal distinctive unit of sound in a language by which meanings may be differentiated.

# data[].attributes.headline
what are the different views of a phoneme?

# data[].attributes.subject
what are the different views of a phoneme?

# data[].attributes.body
There are 4 different views of a phoneme:
1: The “mentalist” or “psychological” view
2: The “physical” view
3: The “function” view
4: The “abstract” view

# data[].attributes.headline
How do you understand the two terms: segmental and suprasegmental phoneme?

# data[].attributes.subject
How do you understand the two terms: segmental and suprasegmental phoneme?

# data[].attributes.body
•Segmental phoneme is a distinction which is made between the vowels and consonants of a particular language.
•Suprasegmental phoneme is such phenomena as stress, pitch and intonation, which stretches over more than one segment.

# data[].attributes.headline
What is the phonemic transcription? The allophonic transcription? What kind of transcription should be used in the teaching of English at secondary school?

# data[].attributes.subject
What is the phonemic transcription? The allophonic transcription? What kind of transcription should be used in the teaching of English at secondary school?

# data[].attributes.body
•Phonemic transcription (or linguistically broad transcription) is used to show only the distinctive sounds of a language.
•Allophonic Transcription (also phonetic /linguistically narrow transcription) used allophonic symbols for various sounds, including symbols to show in detail how a particular sound pronounced.
- Phonemic transcription should be used in the teaching of English at secondary school.

# data[].attributes.headline
How do you understand the two terms: segmental and suprasegmental phoneme?

# data[].attributes.subject
How do you understand the two terms: segmental and suprasegmental phoneme?

# data[].attributes.body
•Segmental phoneme is a distinction which is made between the vowels and consonants of a particular language.
•Suprasegmental phoneme is such phenomena as stress, pitch and intonation, which stretches over more than one segment.

# data[].attributes.headline
What is a distinctive feature? Does an allophone have both distinctive and non-distinctive features?

# data[].attributes.subject
What is a distinctive feature? Does an allophone have both distinctive and non-distinctive features?

# data[].attributes.body
- A distinctive feature: are particular characteristics distinguishing one distinctive sound of a language from another or one group of sounds from another group
- yes, it does

# data[].attributes.body
- The Phoneme: is The smallest unit of speech sound that distinguishes one word from another
- An allophone: is a predictable phonetic variant of a phoneme.