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specifies a user-based summative test method for the measurement of the usability and/or accessibility of consumer products and products for public use (including walk-up-and-use products) for one or more specific user groups. This test method treats accessibility as a special case of usability where the users taking part in the test represent the extremes of the range of characteristics and capabilities within the general user population. When the test method refers to usability, the method can also be used to test accessibility (unless otherwise specified).

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This standard was last reviewed and confirmed in 2020. Therefore this version remains current.

ISO/TS 20282:2013 specifies a user-based summative test method for the measurement of the usability and/or accessibility of consumer products and products for public use (including walk-up-and-use products) for one or more specific user groups. This test method treats accessibility as a special case of usability where the users taking part in the test represent the extremes of the range of characteristics and capabilities within the general user population. When the test method refers to usability, the method can also be used to test accessibility (unless otherwise specified).

General information

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This standard was last reviewed and confirmed in 2020. Therefore this version remains current. ISO/TS 20282:2013 specifies a user-based summative test method for the measurement of the usability and/or accessibility of consumer products and products for public use (including walk-up-and-use products) for one or more specific user groups.

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ISO 13407 provides guidance on achieving quality in use by incorporating user centred design activities throughout the life cycle of interactive computer-based systems. It describes user centred design as a multi-disciplinary activity, which incorporates human factors and ergonomics knowledge and techniques with the objective of enhancing effectiveness and productivity, improving human working conditions, and counteracting the possible adverse effects of use on human health, safety and performance.

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Human centred design processes for interactive systems

ISO 13407 provides guidance on achieving quality in use by incorporating user centred design activities throughout the life cycle of interactive computer-based systems. It describes user centred design as a multi-disciplinary activity, which incorporates human factors and ergonomics knowledge and techniques with the objective of enhancing effectiveness and productivity, improving human working conditions, and counteracting the possible adverse effects of use on human health, safety and performance.

There are four user centred design activities that need to start at the earliest stages of a project. These are to:

understand and specify the context of use

specify the user and organisational requirements

produce design solutions

evaluate designs against requirements.

The iterative nature of these activities is illustrated in Figure 1. The process involves iterating until the objectives are satisfied.

The sequence in which these are performed and the level of effort and detail that is appropriate varies depending on the design environment and the stage of the design process.

ISO TR 18529: Human-centred lifecycle process descriptions
The EC INUSE project developed a structured and formalised definition of the human-centred processes described in ISO 13407. An improved version has subsequently been published as ISO TR 18529. It is intended to make the contents of ISO 13407 accessible to software processes assessment and improvement specialists and to those familiar with or involved in process modeling. It can be used in the specification, assessment and improvement of the human-centred processes in system development and operation.

The Usability Maturity Model in ISO TR 18529 consists of seven sets of base practices (Table 1). These base practices describe what has to be done in order to represent and include the users of a system during the lifecycle. The model uses the format common to process assessment models. These models describe the processes that ought to be performed by an organisation to achieve defined technical goals. The processes in this model are described in the format defined in ISO 15504 Software process assessment. Although the primary use of a process assessment model is for the measurement of how well an organisation carries out the processes covered by the model, such models can also be used as a description of what is required in order to design and develop effective organisational and project processes.

Human-centred design processes and their base practices

1. Ensure HCD content in system strategy

1. Represent stakeholders

2. Collect market intelligence

3. Define and plan system strategy

4. Collect market feedback

5. Analyse trends in users

2. Plan and manage the HCD process

1. Consult stakeholders

2. Identify and plan user involvement

3. Select human-centred methods and techniques

4. Ensure a human-centred approach within the team

5. Plan human-centred design activities

6. Manage human-centred activities

7. Champion human-centred approach

8. Provide support for human-centred design

3. Specify the stakeholder and organisational requirements

1. Clarify and document system goals

2. Analyse stakeholders

3. Assess risk to stakeholders

4. Define the use of the system

5. Generate the stakeholder and organisational requirements

6. Set quality in use objectives

4. Understand & specify the context of use

1. Identify and document user's tasks

2. Identify and document significant user attributes

3. Identify and document organisational environment

4. Identify and document technical environment

5. Identify and document physical environment

5. Produce design solutions

1. Allocate functions

2. Produce composite task model

3. Explore system design

4. Use existing knowledge to develop design solutions

5. Specify system and use

6. Develop prototypes

7. Develop user training

8. Develop user support

6. Evaluate designs against requirements

1. Specify and validate context of evaluation

2. Evaluate early prototypes in order to define the requirements for the system

3. Evaluate prototypes in order to improve the design

4. Evaluate the system to check that the stakeholder and organisational requirements have been met

5. Evaluate the system in order to check that the required practice has been followed

6. Evaluate the system in use in order to ensure that it continues to meet organisational and user needs

7. Introduce and operate the system

1. Management of change

2. Determine impact on organisation and stakeholders

3. Customisation and local design

4. Deliver user training

5. Support users in planned activities

6. Ensure conformance to workplace ergonomic legislation

©UsabilityNet 2006. Reproduction permitted provided the source is acknowledged.

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ISO 13407 provides guidance on achieving quality in use by incorporating user centred design activities throughout the life cycle of interactive computer-based systems. It describes user centred design as a multi-disciplinary activity, which incorporates human factors and ergonomics knowledge and techniques with the objective of enhancing effectiveness and productivity, improving human working conditions, and counteracting the possible adverse effects of use on human health, safety and performance.

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ISO/TR 16982:2002 provides information on human-centred usability methods which can be used for design and evaluation. It details the advantages, disadvantages and other factors relevant to using each usability method.

It explains the implications of the stage of the life cycle and the individual project characteristics for the selection of usability methods and provides examples of usability methods in context.

The main users of ISO/TR 16982:2002 will be project managers. It therefore addresses technical human factors and ergonomics issues only to the extent necessary to allow managers to understand their relevance and importance in the design process as a whole.

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ISO/TR 16982:2002 provides information on human-centred usability methods which can be used for design and evaluation. It details the advantages, disadvantages and other factors relevant to using each usability method.

It explains the implications of the stage of the life cycle and the individual project characteristics for the selection of usability methods and provides examples of usability methods in context.

The main users of ISO/TR 16982:2002 will be project managers. It therefore addresses technical human factors and ergonomics issues only to the extent necessary to allow managers to understand their relevance and importance in the design process as a whole.

Such issues are dealt with more fully in ISO 9241 which is complementary to ISO/TR 16982:2002 and is aimed at system developers, specifiers and purchasers of systems. Nonetheless, all parties involved in human-centred system development, including the end users of systems, should find the guidance in ISO/TR 16982:2002 relevant.

The guidance in ISO/TR 16982:2002 can be tailored for specific design situations by using the lists of issues characterizing the context of use of the product to be delivered. Selection of appropriate usability methods should also take account of the relevant life-cycle process.

ISO/TR 16982:2002 is restricted to methods that are widely used by usability specialists and project managers.

It does not specify the details of how to implement or carry out the usability methods described.

NOTE Most methods require the involvement of human-factors specialists. It may be inappropriate for them to be used by individuals without adequate skills and knowledge.

General information

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ISO/TR 16982:2002 provides information on human-centred usability methods which can be used for design and evaluation. It details the advantages, disadvantages and other factors relevant to using each usability method. It explains the implications of the stage of the life cycle and the individual project characteristics for the selection of usability methods and provides examples of usability methods in context.

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specifies ergonomic principles, recommendations and requirements for the design of workstations found in control centres. It covers control workstation design with particular emphasis on layout and dimensions. It is applicable primarily to seated, visual-display-based workstations, although control workstations at which operators stand are also addressed. These different types of control workstation are to be found in applications such as transportation control, process control and security installations. Most of these workstations now incorporate flat-display screens for the presentation of information.

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SO 6385:2016 establishes the fundamental principles of ergonomics as basic guidelines for the design of work systems and defines relevant basic terms. It describes an integrated approach to the design of work systems, where ergonomists will cooperate with others involved in the design, with attention to the human, the social and the technical requirements in a balanced manner during the design process.

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ISO 6385:2016 establishes the fundamental principles of ergonomics as basic guidelines for the design of work systems and defines relevant basic terms. It describes an integrated approach to the design of work systems, where ergonomists will cooperate with others involved in the design, with attention to the human, the social and the technical requirements in a balanced manner during the design process.

Users of this International Standard will include executives, managers, workers (and their representatives, when appropriate) and professionals, such as ergonomists, project managers and designers who are involved in the design or redesign of work systems. Those who use this International Standard can find a general knowledge of ergonomics (human factors), engineering, design, quality and project management helpful.

The term "work system" in this International Standard is used to indicate a large variety of working situations, including permanent and flexible work places. The intention of this International Standard is to assist in the improvement, (re)design or change of work systems. Work systems involve combinations of workers and equipment, within a given space and environment, and the interactions between these components within a work organization. Work systems vary in complexity and characteristics, for example, the use of temporary work systems. Some examples of work systems in different areas are the following:

- production, e.g. machine operator and machine, worker and assembly line;

- transportation, e.g. driver and car or lorry, personnel in an airport;

- support, e.g. maintenance technician with work equipment;

- commercial, e.g. office worker with workstation, mobile worker with a tablet computer, cook in a restaurant kitchen;

- other areas like health care, teaching and training.

The observance of ergonomic principles applies to all phases throughout the life cycle of the work system from conception through development, realization and implementation, utilization, maintenance and support to decommissioning.

The systems approach in this International Standard gives guidance to the users of this International Standard in existing and new situations.

The definitions and ergonomic principles specified in this International Standard apply to the design of optimal working conditions with regard to human well-being, safety and health, including the development of existing skills and the acquisition of new ones, while taking into account technological and economic effectiveness and efficiency.

The principles in this International Standard are applicable to many other human activities, e.g. in the design of products for domestic and leisure activities. A more general description of the principles in this International Standard can be found in ISO 26800.

General information

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ISO 6385:2016 establishes the fundamental principles of ergonomics as basic guidelines for the design of work systems and defines relevant basic terms. It describes an integrated approach to the design of work systems, where ergonomists will cooperate with others involved in the design, with attention to the human, the social and the technical requirements in a balanced manner during the design process.

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ISO 26800:2011 presents the general ergonomics approach and specifies basic ergonomics principles and concepts. These are applicable to the design and evaluation of tasks, jobs, products, tools, equipment, systems, organizations, services, facilities and environments, in order to make them compatible with the characteristics, the needs and values, and the abilities and limitations of people.

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ISO 26800:2011 presents the general ergonomics approach and specifies basic ergonomics principles and concepts. These are applicable to the design and evaluation of tasks, jobs, products, tools, equipment, systems, organizations, services, facilities and environments, in order to make them compatible with the characteristics, the needs and values, and the abilities and limitations of people.

The provisions and guidance given by ISO 26800:2011 are intended to improve the safety, performance, effectiveness, efficiency, reliability, availability and maintainability of the design outcome throughout its life cycle, while safeguarding and enhancing the health, well-being and satisfaction of those involved or affected.

The intended users of ISO 26800:2011 are designers, ergonomists and project managers, as well as managers, workers, consumers (or their representatives) and procurers. It also serves as a reference standard for standards developers dealing with ergonomics aspects.

General information

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ISO 26800:2011 presents the general ergonomics approach and specifies basic ergonomics principles and concepts. These are applicable to the design and evaluation of tasks, jobs, products, tools, equipment, systems, organizations, services, facilities and environments, in order to make them compatible with the characteristics, the needs and values, and the abilities and limitations of people.

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ISO 9241 provides guidance on ergonomic design principles for interactive systems. It covers various aspects of usability, including visual display requirements, design for user-centered interaction, and evaluation methods for measuring usability.

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This document provides requirements and recommendations for human-centred design principles and activities throughout the life cycle of computer-based interactive systems. It is intended to be used by those managing design processes, and is concerned with ways in which both hardware and software components of interactive systems can enhance human?system interaction.

NOTE Computer-based interactive systems vary in scale and complexity. Examples include off-the-shelf (shrink-wrap) software products, custom office systems, process control systems, automated banking systems, Web sites and applications, and consumer products such as vending machines, mobile phones and digital television. Throughout this document, such systems are generally referred to as products, systems or services although, for simplicity, sometimes only one term is used.

This document provides an overview of human-centred design activities. It does not provide detailed coverage of the methods and techniques required for human-centred design, nor does it address health or safety aspects in detail. Although it addresses the planning and management of human-centred design, it does not address all aspects of project management.

The information in this document is intended for use by those responsible for planning and managing projects that design and develop interactive systems. It therefore addresses technical human factors and ergonomics issues only to the extent necessary to allow such individuals to understand their relevance and importance in the design process as a whole. It also provides a framework for human factors and usability professionals involved in human-centred design. Detailed human factors/ergonomics, usability and accessibility issues are dealt with more fully in a number of standards including other parts of ISO 9241 (see Annex A) and ISO 6385, which sets out the broad principles of ergonomics.

The requirements and recommendations in this document can benefit all parties involved in human-centred design and development. Annex B provides a checklist that can be used to support claims of conformance with this document.

General information

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This document provides requirements and recommendations for human-centred design principles and activities throughout the life cycle of computer-based interactive systems. It is intended to be used by those managing design processes, and is concerned with ways in which both hardware and software components of interactive systems can enhance human?system interaction.