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A philosophy were economy and business is privately owned with no government interference

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The Industrial Revolution was a period of global transition of human economy towards more efficient and stable manufacturing processes that succeeded the Agricultural Revolution. It all started in Great Britain spreading to continental Europe and the United States.

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Isolationism (1789-1941 Stopped during WW1)

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Isolationism (1789-1941 Stopped during WW1)

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Isolationism is a political philosophy advocating a national foreign policy that opposes involvement in the political affairs, and especially the wars, of other countries. Thus, isolationism fundamentally advocates neutrality and opposes entanglement in military alliances and mutual defense pacts. After WWI the US during the Great Depression used isolationism not being involved with political affairs besides its own. This was broken when the US joined WW2 after Pearl Harbor.

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A series of wars between China and European powers (Britain) to try and stop the trade of opium ending in a unfair treaty for China.

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A revolt of Sepoy troops in British India due to unfair treatment and the use of animal grease. It ended in the crown taking control of India instead of the British East India company.

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The canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia. It is so important because it is the shortest maritime route to Asia from Europe.

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The theory that certain groups of people are better than others due to natural selection. It was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.

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The alleged "duty" that white colonizers have to civilize the "savage people" (indigenous). It was a poem written by Rudyard Kipling supporting the attempt to annex the Philippines but from it this idea was formed.

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Democracy (As late as 508BCE but the US is 1787 and it is still around today)

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Democracy (As late as 508BCE but the US is 1787 and it is still around today)

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Democracy is a form of government where the people deliberate and decide legislation, or choose governing officials to do so. Examples are the US, Britain, and France.

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A meeting between European powers to set rules on how to colonize Africa and to split it up.

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Heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne who was assassinated in Serbia by Serbian Nationalists who saw him as a threat to Serbian Independence. His death set off a chain of events leading to the start of World War One.

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it is a type of land warfare where opposing sides attack, counterattack, and defend from relatively permanent systems of trenches dug into the ground. This type of warfare was commonly used in WWI (primarily on the Western Front) and caused mass casualties and made the fighting a stalemate.

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A British Cruise liner, sunk by a German U boat killing 1,959 people including 123 Americans. It was one of the events that pushed the US to join WWI.

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It was a secret coded message issued from the German Foreign Office proposing a military alliance between Germany and Mexico if the United States entered World War I against Germany. With Germany's aid, Mexico would recover Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. This message was decoded by Great Britain then giving it to the US. This message angered the US and only fueled the fire for the US to join WWI.

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A party led by Vladimir Lenin that launched a coup against the provisional government. They would later become the communist party of the Soviet Union.

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British Prime Minister in 1940-1945 during WW2 and again in 1950-1955 which was part of the Cold War. Known for his speeches to motivate the people of Great Britain during WW2 (especially during the Battle of Britain) and his speech about the Iron Curtain.

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One of the sides of WW2 consisting of Germany, Italy, and Japan.

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The other side of WW2 consisting of the US, Britain, and the USSR (France would also be part of the Allies)

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The killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group to destroy that nation or group. One of the most well-known genocides is the Holocaust and the term was used during the Nuremberg Trials.

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A system setup in 1941 allowing the US to lend or lease war supplies to any nation they thought was needed to defend the US (Allies).

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Strategy used by the US in the Pacific where they would take islands deemed valuable for the war and avoid fortified ones. They went from island to island using air, sea, and land power

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A battle that was a crucial victory for the US being the turning point of the war in the Pacific. The US was able to crack the Japanese Code to learn of the attack and was able to damage and sink many Japanese ships and aircraft.

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A battle in WW2 between the USSR and Germany. It was the bloodiest battle of WW2 due to both sides not giving up, weather conditions, and the strategies of urban fighting. It was also a major turning point in the war for the Eastern Front. Russia put the Axis powers on the defensive and kept this march going till the end of the war. The city was attacked due to it being a huge symbol for morale and it would have opened the south up for Germany.

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It was a research and development project during WW2 to create the first atomic bomb. It was in the US and Einstein was the person to say the US should do this but Oppenheimer was the father of the atomic bomb. Primarily the US with help from Canada and Great Britain worked on it.

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Allied invasion of German occupied France by landing on the beaches of Normandy. Also known as operation overlord and it was one of the largest battles in Europe.

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It was the code-name of the invasion of Normandy (D-day) and involved the fake out of German forces by creating a fake army and talk of invading different beaches than the ones they did.

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The battle was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II. They were able to take a bulge of the area but were pushed back and it was an Allied victory the final nail in the coffin for Germany.

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It was a conference held in Yalta and was a meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union to discuss the postwar reorganization of Germany and Europe and the conditions under which the Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan. They agreed that in exchange for  Soviet participation in the Pacific theater, the Soviets would be granted a sphere of influence in Manchuria. Also, after Germany's unconditional surrender, it would be divided into four post-war occupation zones with the city of Berlin also being divided into similar occupation zones. Soviets also kind of got to control Poland but it was set to have free elections later in time.

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Statements of principles for peace to be used for peace negotiations. It was created by US president Woodrow Wilson.

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Hiroshima and Nagasaki are two Japanese cities that had atomic bombs dropped on them by the US to end WW2 in the Pacific. The Fat Man was dropped on Hiroshima by the plane Enola Gay being the first ever atomic bomb to be used besides testing. The Little Boy was dropped on Nagasaki.

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It was a meeting between Stalin, Churchill, and Truman to discuss post-WWII. It ended with Germany divided into the four occupation zones (among the three powers and France) that had been agreed to earlier, Germany's eastern border was to be shifted west to the Oder–Neisse line, and Soviet-backed group was recognized as the legitimate government of Poland

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A series of trials held in Nuremburg, Germany held by the Allied forces after World War II, to prosecute the important members of the political, military, and economic leadership of Nazi Germany.

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The treaty that Germany (was basically forced to) and the Allied Nations on June 28, 1919, signed formally ending World War One. The terms of the treaty required that Germany pay financial reparations, disarm, lose territory, give up all of its overseas colonies, and take blame for the war. The treaty created the league of nations, changed the borders of Europe, and gave back the lands taken in war.

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An intergovernmental organization whose purpose is to maintain international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, promoting social progress, better living standards, and human rights.

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A military trial to try leaders of the Empire of Japan for their crimes against peace, conventional war crimes, and crimes against humanity, leading up to and during the Second World War. They were sentenced to punishments ranging from death to seven years' imprisonment. Two defendants also died during the trial.

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The Molotov Plan was the system created by the Soviet Union in 1947 in order to provide aid to rebuild the countries in Eastern Europe that were politically and economically aligned to the Soviet Union.

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It was an alliance between the Soviet Union and seven other Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe (Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania)

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He was part of the revolution that overthrew the government becoming the prime minister of Cuba (1959) and later the president (dictator). He served during the cold war leading his nation to communism.

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JFK was the 35th president of the United States of America from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He played a vital role in the Cold War and more specifically the Cuban Missile Crisis.

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It was an invasion of Cuba by CIA trained exiles to try and overthrow the Cuban Government (Fidel Castro). This was a failure due to lack of air support and Cuba knowing of it. It worsened tensions between the US and Cuba being a cause for the Cuban Missile Crisis.

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The closet time that the US and Soviets nearly went to war. It started with Soviet missiles being put into Cuba giving them First Strike Policy and an American U-2 spy-plane spotting them. This lead to a period of 13 days with nuclear warfare seemingly evident, but ended with the Soviets having to take their missiles out of Cuba and the US promising not to invade Cuba and secretly remove its missiles from Turkey.

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Theory which says increases or decreases in democracy in one country tend to spread to neighboring countries in a domino effect. This was one of the reasons the US fought in the Vietnam War.

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Foreign Policy of the US during the Cold War where they are trying to stop the spread of communism. They would gave military of economical aid to countries that felt threatened by communism in hopes to stop the spread of it.

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The Truman Doctrine is an American foreign policy that says the US will provide political, military, and economic aid to democratic countries under the threat of communist influences.

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The Marshall Plan was America’s initiative to help Europe rebuild after World War II. The US gave $17 billion in economic support to the democratic countries of Western Europe. They could not give money directly to European countries but instead American-made goods, grants to purchase US goods and services, loans, and resources for increasing productivity. The US did to better its and Europe's economy to build lasting trade partners, but to also slow down the spread of communism by making it less appealing than democracy.

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The Berlin blockade was the blockade of trains, ships, and supplies into West Berlin by Soviet occupied East Germany and Berlin.
The airlift was the dropping of supplies by air into west Berlin from when the Soviets shut down access to the city in June 1948 till May 1949.
The wall was built by communist East Germany to prevent their people from going to west Berlin and to keep west Berlin isolated.

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In South Africa, it was a system of segregation or discrimination based on race with it starting in 1948 with the election of the Nationalist Party.

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NATO is a defensive alliance between European democratic countries, the US, and Canada.

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The arms race was a part of the Cold War that had the US and Soviet Union competing to create the strongest weapon (Nuclear). It started with the Soviets explosion of their first atomic bomb.

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Adolf Hitler was the dictator of Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in 1933 and then taking the title of Führer und Reichskanzler in 1934. He also wrote the book Mein Kompf.

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The policy of giving the opposing side in an argument or war an advantage that they have demanded, in order to prevent further disagreement. This was used in the Munich Agreeement.

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The Munich Conference is known as one of the best examples of appeasement. The conference was held in Munich on September 28-29, 1938. Leaders of Great Britain, France, and Italy agreed to allow Germany to annex certain areas of Czechoslovakia in hopes that it would stop Germany from continuing to expand.

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A non aggression pact is a treaty between two or more states/countries that includes a promise, not to engage in military action against each other. The Soviet Union and Germany singed one in August 1939 to agree to not fight each other. That allowed for both of them to invade Poland with Germany starting the invasion. The pact was later broken by Germany in operation Barbarossa when they invaded and turned on Russia.

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Fascism is a mass political movement that emphasizes extreme nationalism, militarism, and the supremacy of both the nation and the single, powerful leader over the individual citizen.

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A form of government and a political system that prohibits all opposition parties, outlaws individual and group opposition to the state and its claims, and exercises an extremely high if not complete degree of control and regulation over public and private life (A government that attempts to assert total control over the lives of its citizens).

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Joseph Stalin was a Soviet politician who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953 as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was supporter of communism and to a degree a dictator of the Soviet Union.

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Mussolini was a nationalist and the founder of Italian Fascism. He ruled Italy from 1922–1925 as Prime Minister getting elected as a part of the National Fascist Party and from 1925–1943 as il Duce, the Fascist dictator. He lost power when King Victor Emmanuel ordered the arrest and imprisonment of Mussolini after his own Grand Council voted for him to resign.

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A political ideology that aims to make people equal. It focuses on the equality of wealth by making it be social ownership instead of private ownership. It also can focus on the equality of power.

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It is the process of making an area more urban/ the population with an increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities. This was huge during the industrial revolution which had many factors causing people to stop living and working in rural areas and instead going to cities to work in factories.

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New Imperialism (Late 19th Century to 1914)

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New Imperialism (Late 19th Century to 1914)

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It is a period of intensified imperialistic/colonial expansion from the latter half of the 19th century until the outbreak of World War I in 1914 by European powers, the US, and Japan.

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Alliance between Great Britain, France, Russia during World War One

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A country or area where another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.

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Silk Road (second century BCE to mid-15th century)

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Silk Road (second century BCE to mid-15th century)

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The Silk Road was a network of Eurasian trade routes, being the first global trade route also playing a central role in facilitating economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between the East and West.

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The first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose mission was to maintain world peace. It was created by the Paris Peace Conference after WWI.