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Intonation in English Pronunciation
INTONATION

Intonation and stress are closely linked. In fact it's impossible to dissociate them. They go hand in hand.

Intonation is about how we say things, rather than what we say, the way the voice rises and falls when speaking, in other words the music of the language.

Just as words have stressed syllables, sentences have regular patterns of stressed words. In addition, the voice tends to rise, fall or remain flat depending on the meaning or feeling we want to convey (surprise, anger, interest, boredom, gratitude, etc.). Intonation therefore indicates the mood of the speaker.

There are two basic patterns of intonation in English: falling intonation and rising intonation.
In the following examples a downward arrow(➘) indicates a fall in intonation and an upward arrow (➚) indicates a rise in intonation.

Again, these are not rules but patterns generally used by native speakers of English.
Just remember that content words are stressed, and intonation adds attitude or emotion.

This explanation on intonation is intended to serve as a general guide to help learners.
It should in no way make them unnecessarily anxious!

It should be remembered that a written explanation can never be a substitute for a 'live' conversation with a native speaker.
Attitudinal intonation is something that is best acquired through talking and listening to English speakers.

Falling Intonation (➘)
(The pitch of the voice falls at the end of the sentence.)

Falling intonation is the most common intonation pattern in English.
It is commonly found in statements, commands, wh-questions (information questions),
confirmatory question tags and exclamations.

Statements

Nice to meet ↘you.

I'll be back in a ↘minute.

She doesn't live here ↘anymore.

Dad wants to change his ↘car.

Here is the weather ↘forecast.

Cloudy weather is expected at the end of the ↘week.

We should work together more ↘often

I'm going for a walk in the ↘park.

Wh- questions (requesting information.)
(questions beginning with 'who', 'what', 'why', 'where', 'when', 'which', and 'how')

What country do you come ↘from?

Where do you ↘work?

Which of them do you ↘prefer?

When does the shop ↘open?

How many books have you ↘bought?

Which coat is ↘yours?

Whose bag is ↘this?

Questions Tags that are statements requesting confirmation rather than questions.
Not all tag questions are really questions.
Some of them merely ask for confirmation or invite agreement, in which case we use a falling tone at the end.

He thinks he's so clever, doesn't ↘he?

She's such a nuisance, isn't ↘she?

I failed the test because I didn't revise, did ↘ I?

It doesn't seem to bother him much, does ↘ it?

Rising Intonation (➚)
(The pitch of the voice rises at the end of a sentence.)
Rising intonation invites the speaker to continue talking.
It is normally used with yes/no questions, and question tags that are real questions.

Yes/no Questions
(Questions that can be answered by 'yes' or 'no'.)

Do you like your new ➚teacher?

Have you finished ➚already?

May I borrow your ➚dictionary?

Do you have any ➚magazines?

Do you sell ➚stamps?

Questions tags that show uncertainty and require an answer (real questions).

We've met already, ➚haven't we?

You like fish, ➚don't you?

You're a new student ➚aren't you?

The view is beautiful, ➚isn't it?

We sometimes use a combination of rising and falling intonation in the same sentence.
The combination is called Rise-Fall or Fall-Rise intonation.
Rise-Fall Intonation (➚➘)
(The intonation rises and then falls.)

We use rise-fall intonation for choices, lists, unfinished thoughts and conditional sentences.

Choices (alternative questions.)

Are you having ➚soup or ➘salad?

Is John leaving on ➚Thursday or ➘Friday?

Does he speak ➚German or ➘French?

Is your name ➚Ava or ➘Eva?

Lists (rising, rising, rising, falling)
Intonation falls on the last item to show that the list is finished.

We've got ➚apples, pears, bananas and ➘oranges

The sweater comes in ➚blue, white pink and ➘black

I like ➚football, tennis, basketball and ➘volleyball.

I bought ➚a tee-shirt, a skirt and a ➘handbag.

Unfinished thoughts (partial statements)
In the responses to the following questions, the rise-fall intonation indicates reservation.
The speaker hesitates to fully express his/her thoughts.

Do you like my new handbag? Well the ➚leather is ➘nice... ( but I don't like it.)

What was the meal like? Hmm, the ➚fish was ➘good... (but the rest wasn't great).

So you both live in Los Angeles? Well ➚Alex ➘does ... (but I don't).

Conditional sentences
(The tone rises in the first clause and falls gradually in the second clause.)

If he ➚calls, ask him to leave a ➘message.

Unless he ➚insists, I'm not going to ➘go.

If you have any ➚problems, just ➘contact us.

Fall-Rise Intonation (➘➚)
(The voice falls and rises usually within one word.
The main function of fall-rise intonation is to show that the speaker is not certain of the answer they are giving to a question, or is reluctant to reply (as opposed to a falling tone used when there is no hesitation). It is also used in polite requests or suggestions.

Hesitation/reluctance:

So you'd be willing to confirm that? ...Well ... I ➘sup➚pose so ...

You didn't see him on Monday? I don't quite ➘re➚member ...

Politeness-Doubt-Uncertainty: (You are not sure what the answer might be.)

Perhaps we could ➘vis➚it the place?

Should we ➘cop➚y the list?

Do you think it's ➘al➚lowed?

A good exercise to improve pronunciation would be to listen to short recordings of everyday dialogues and then 'shadow read' the script, or read it along with the tape using the same stress and intonation as the speaker. Students can repeat this exercise until their voice sounds similar to the voice on the recording.

It is also a good idea to note down or record some examples of everyday conversations (either from real life or from film or television dialogues) and repeat them as often as possible, copying the stress and intonation of the speakers.

Modern English songs are also a useful way of learning English stress, rhythm and intonation.
To begin with, try singing (or saying loudly) the lyrics ofsongs that you find easy to understand.

You will be surprised how quickly your pronunciation will improve with the help of audio materials.
It will be a reward for all your hard work!

Please note that British English spelling is used on this website.

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Intonation in English pronunciation | Learn English Today

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INTONATION Intonation and stress are closely linked. In fact it's impossible to dissociate them. They go hand in hand. Intonation is about how we say things, rather than what we say, the way the voice rises and falls when speaking, in other words the music of the language.

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MC Fluency - Irregular verbs rap with lyrics (by Michael English)

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This is the ultimate guide to saying (or reading out) numbers in English. Also check out Maths Vocabulary in English: Do You Know the Basics?

Today, you're going to learn how to say different types of numbers in English.

We'll look at how to say:

Big numbers in English

First, you try!

OK. Take a look at these sentences and see if you can say the numbers correctly.

Don't move on to the next part until you've tried to say them. It's like a test - but a fun one!

Was I right?

Well, let's see if you were right.

What are the rules here?

OK. There are four things you should think about here.

1. Break big numbers up into pieces!

See the commas between the numbers? (They're full stops in most languages but not in English - because English likes to be different!)

Those commas show you how to break the number up. So just say the numbers between the commas and add "billion," "million," "thousand," etc. afterwards:

Note: To avoid confusion between commas (,) and full stops (.) in big numbers, there's an international standard. What's the solution? Just uses spaces.

324,678,129 → 324 678 129

2. Don't make "one hundred," "one thousand," etc., plural!

Just remember, when we're saying a big number, the numbers are not pluralised:

So don't say:
4,000 - " four thousands "

Say:
4,000 - "four thousand"

3. Say "and" after "hundred" (if you prefer British English)

Did you notice the "and"?

Basically, every time we say "hundred," we say "and" next.

Remember - this doesn't work if there are just zeros after the hundred:

But it's worth remembering that most English speakers don't add "and" - it's usually just the Brits. So you can ignore this rule if you like.

4. "One hundred" or "a hundred" - it doesn't really matter

With the following numbers, you have freedom of choice:

Yay, freedom!

Saying prices in English

First, you try!

OK. Look at these sentences. How do you say them?

Was I right?

OK. Let's check:

What are the rules here?

There are two main rules at work here:

1. Word order of prices

In the first example ($1.89), did you notice how we said the first number first (1), then the currency ($), then the other number (89)?

That's the order we use when we talk about prices:

Remember, we don't have to say "cents" (or "pence" or "Kopek," etc.). It's clear from the context.

In fact, very often we don't even say the currency. So you could just say:

2. Using "grand" or "K" instead of "thousand"

If you're talking about big numbers all the time, it doesn't make sense saying a long word like "thousand" again and again.

Fortunately, we can shorten "thousand" to either "grand" or "K."

But remember, it only works when the number is exactly on the thousands:

Saying the time correctly

First, you try!

OK - can you say these times correctly?

Be careful here. I've written these all in 24-hour time, but we don't say all of them in 24-hour time. Think about the context!

The film about sushi starts at 19:00. Don't be late!

The plane leaves at 17:43. Then the adventure begins!

The next train leaving platform 4 will depart at 15:00.

Shall we meet at around 18:30?

You're late! It's 08:03.

Was I right?

Let's see!

19:00 (in this situation) = "seven" or "seven p.m." or maybe "seven o'clock"
17:43 (in this situation) = "seventeen forty-three"
15:00 (in this situation) = "fifteen hundred hours"
18:30 (in this situation) = "six thirty" or "half-past six" or "half six"
08:03 = "eight oh-three" or "three (minutes) past eight"

What are the rules here?

Most of the rules here are a bit different because they depend on context.

1. When speaking informally, don't use 24-hour time

So when we're hanging out with our friends (like in the first and fourth examples), we almost never use 24-hour time.

And when you do use 24-hour time, never use "o'clock" or "half past" or "5 to" or any of the normal "telling the time" stuff.

We just say the numbers.

That means we don't say "nineteen o'clock." Ever. Just never say it!

And we never, ever, ever say "half past twenty."

Instead, we just use 12-hour time.

So don't say "nineteen o'clock." Instead, say "seven o'clock." Thinking of saying "five past twenty"? Don't! Say "five past eight" instead.

When I explain this to English learners, they often ask, "But how do you know whether it's morning or evening?"

And my answer is always the same: If you like, you can say "p.m." or "a.m." to clarify. But how many people go to the cinema at 7 in the morning? Usually, the context is clear enough.

And then they say, "Thanks. Also, your hair is looking great today."

2. 24-hour time for scheduled events (usually transport)

When we're talking about a train or a plane or a bus leaving, we can use 24-hour time, and it doesn't sound too weird, even when we're talking to friends (like in the second example).

And we can certainly expect to hear it when it's being announced at an airport or station (like in the third example).

3. There are three ways of saying "half past something"

... and none of them includes "o'clock."

You can say "06:30" in three different ways:

1. "It's half past 6." (half past + number)

2. "It's 6 thirty." (number + thirty)

3. "It's half 6." (half + number) - this one's a bit informal, and it will confuse Germans.

But you can never, ever, ever say "it's half past 6 o'clock."

Remember, we only use "o'clock" when the time is on the hour ("two o'clock," "four o'clock," "one o'clock," etc.) and no other situation!

4. Use "oh"

The last example above (3:03) is a little tricky. If you have to express a time like this, instead of saying "zero," just say "oh."

3:03 = "three oh-three"
1:08 = "one oh-eight"

Saying decimals in English

OK. You may be wondering what a "decimal" is.

Well, you're about to find out!

First, you try!

First of all, let's try saying these sentences:

According to my calculations, the answer is 6.66666666666666666666666666666666 ...

Yes, we must angle the mirror at precisely 45.665° to destroy the ships and rule the world!

Was I right?

OK, let's check it!

45.665° = "forty-five point six six five degrees"
66.6666666666... = "sixty-six point six recurring"

What are the rules here?

There are three things to remember here:

1. Say "point" in decimal numbers

Simple rule, right? Just say "point" and not "dot" or "full stop." Or "elephant." Definitely don't say "elephant."

2. After "point," say the numbers one by one

Mathematically speaking, the numbers after the point (665 in the example above) are not hundreds. So we don't say "six hundred and sixty-five."

After the point, we just say the numbers one by one ("six six five").

3. When numbers repeat forever, just say "recurring"

Maths is weird, and I find it strange that stuff like this can happen with numbers.

But when you have the number 6 repeating itself forever, I'd recommend not saying the number again and again until you die of thirst or boredom and all your friends have left the room.

Just say it once and add "recurring."

Sometimes, more than one number repeats itself over and over, like this: 12.131313131313 ...

In this case, just say the pair of numbers that repeat themselves (in this case "one three") and add "recurring."

12.131313131313 ... = "twelve point one three recurring"

First, Second, Third... (ordinal numbers)

First, you try!

You know what to do:

Was I right?

What are the rules here?

There are a few very simple rules here.

1. Use "the" (or the possessive)

Because ordinal numbers are very specific (How many first places are there in a race?) we almost always use "the" before them.

Make it an automatic habit!

Here's a quick tip, not just for ordinal numbers but generally in English:

You don't have to use "the" if you have a possessive.

So you can say:

The third horse on the left is looking at me strangely.

But you can also say:

May I introduce you to my seventh wife?

2. Use "-th" for ordinal numbers after 1st, 2nd and 3rd

Generally speaking, to create an ordinal number, you just add "-th." (Although sometimes the spelling can be tricky.) Click here for the full list of ordinal numbers.

It's the same for small numbers:

This is the fifth computer he's bought this year.

And big ones:

You're the ninety-ninth person to ask me that today.

But be careful. If you're making 1, 2 or 3 ordinal, remember that they're completely different:

It's the same for small numbers:

It's the first Sunday of the month - and you know what that means!

And big ones:

It's the fifty-second week of the year. Finally!

Saying Fractions in English

First, you try!

OK. You know the drill. How do you say these sentences?

The meeting should've just been 1 ½ hours, but because Eduardo wouldn't stop talking, it went on for over 2 ½ hours. I was late for my tennis team meeting.

I don't want all of it - can you just give me ⅙ of the pizza? No, make it 2⁄6 ... That's ⅓, isn't it?

Was I right?

1 ½ hours = "one and a half hours" or "an hour and a half"
2 ½ hours = "two and a half hours"
⅙ = "one-sixth" or "a sixth"
2⁄6 = "two-sixths"
⅓ = "one-third" or "a third"

What are the rules here?

1. Use an ordinal number on the bottom

Remember the ordinal numbers we talked about above?

We use them for fractions, too.

Let's look at a simple fraction: ⅓

There are two numbers - "1" on the top and "3" on the bottom.

Simply say the number on the top normally - "one" - and the ordinal of the number on the bottom - "third."

Then you have "one third."

That's it!

2. Make the bottom number plural if the top number is 2 or higher

Remember that if we're dealing with a fraction that doesn't have "1" on the top, the ordinal must be plural.

So let's take another example fraction: ⅔

Take the number on the top as usual ("2") and make the ordinal on the bottom plural, so "third" becomes "thirds" (because in this case, there are two of them).

⅔ = "two thirds"

3. Say "quarter" not "fourth" and "half" not "second"

When the bottom number is 2 or 4, we use "half/halves" and "quarter/quarters."

Instead of saying ½ as "one second," we say "one half" or "a half."

And instead of saying ¼ as "one fourth," we say "one quarter" or "a quarter."

4. Get the order right with fractions!

The usual way to say these numbers is as you read them.

Let's look at an example: 2 ½ hours

Say "two and a half" then "hours" (not "two hours and a half").

Simple and direct, yeah?

4. With 1 ½, there's an alternative!

Do you remember at the beginning of this post, we saw how we can choose between "one hundred" and "a hundred?"

Well, it's the same with "1 ½ " - you can use "one" or "a." It's up to you, but remember that the word order is different:

5. When we say 1 ½, the following noun becomes plural

Did you notice that in the example above, we said "one and a half hours," not "one and a half hour "?

This is a rule in English that a lot of books don't talk about much.

But here I am ... talking about it!

I guess the logic is that if the number is anything more than one (including 1.000000001), it's officially plural.

Talking about the temperature

First, you try!

OK. Can you say these correctly?

Was I right?

What are the rules here?

1. There are three ways of talking about temperatures below zero

So when it's that cold and your hair is freezing, then it's probably below zero, right?

You can say:

"Minus 40 degrees" (minus + number + degrees)

"Negative 40 degrees" (negative + number + degrees)

"Forty (degrees) below (zero)" (number + (degrees) + below (+ zero))

Remember, you don't need to say "Celsius" or "Fahrenheit" if it's clear from the context.

In fact, you don't even need to say "degrees" if it's obvious you're talking about the temperature.

Also remember: when you use the third option (with "below"), you don't need to say "zero" or "degrees," but only do this when it's clear whether you're discussing Celsius or Fahrenheit. And make sure that it's clear that you're talking about the temperature and not your downstairs neighbours.

2. Celsius or centigrade or Fahrenheit?

OK. This is pretty simple.

Celsius and centigrade are exactly the same. So don't worry about mixing these ones up. Because it's impossible!

" Fahrenheit " is the weird measurement that the Americans use that I just don't understand.

To me, Celsius makes sense: 0°C is where water freezes and 100°C is where it boils.

I think the best way to think about Fahrenheit is that between 50°F and 100°F is the human comfort zone! (50°F is 10°C and 100°F is almost 40°C.)

Talking about space

Not the space with aliens and frightening amounts of radiation. And Sandra Bullock acting badly (as usual).

I mean the space of a room or a box or a cave.

First, you try!

Yeah, we had to downsize. The new office is only 30m². And there are 15 of us!

Watch this amazing man fit into a box that's just 30cm³!

Was I right?

= "thirty metres squared" or "thirty square metres"
= "thirty centimeters cubed" or "thirty cubic centimeters"

What are the rules here?

1. There are two ways to say m²

This is pretty simple. You have a choice here.

You can say "12 metres squared" (number + "metres" + "squared").

Or you can go for "12 square metres" (number + "square" + "metres").

2. There are two ways to say m³

Again - it's really straight-forward:

You can say "3 metres cubed" (number + "metres" + "cubed").

Or you can say "3 cubic metres" (number + "cubic" + "metres").

That's it! Nothing else to see here. Please move on.

Talking about speed in English!

No, not the Sandra Bullock film. Please stop talking about Sandra Bullock.

First, you try!

OK. Remember to say these before reading on.

We don't have enough road to get up to 88 mph.

This bike is capable of getting up to 45 km/h. Seriously.

The speed of light? It's almost 300,000 km/sec.

Was I right?

What are the rules here?

1. "Per hour" or "an hour"?

When we're talking about speed, we have a choice - we can say "per hour" or "an hour" (or "per second" or "a second").

But which one to use?

My advice is that in most situations, use "an hour."

"Per hour" sounds a little more technical and formal.

But the difference is small here, so I wouldn't worry about this too much. There are better things to worry about. Like global warming.

2. The units are plural

It's important to remember that the distances here are very likely to be plural (unless we're talking about 1mph or 1km/sec).

So remember that it's "88 miles per hour" not " mile per hour."

That is all!

Saying years in English

First, you try!

The great fire of London? That was 1666, I think.

My gran was one of the oldest people in my town when she died. She was born in 1905. Seriously! Her husband was born in 1900!

What did you do for New Year's 2000?

I've been thinking about changing jobs since 2003. But I'm still here. Maybe next year.

They thought the world was going to end in 2012. But they also thought that the world was flat and that lizards are our rulers.

I can't wait for 2020 and a new decade. This last one was a bit rubbish!

Was I right?

1666 = "sixteen sixty-six"
1905 = "nineteen oh-five"
1900 = "nineteen hundred"
2000 = "two thousand"
2003 = "two thousand and three"
2012 = "two thousand and twelve" or "twenty twelve"
2020 = "twenty twenty"

What are the rules here?

OK. There's a lot here. But the good news? It's all pretty simple.

1. Cut years into two

For almost all the years, we cut them into two - the first two numbers and the second two:

2. Remember "oh"

When the year ends with zero plus a number (e.g. 1903, 1109, 1601) just say "oh" instead of the zero ("nineteen oh-three," "eleven oh-nine," "sixteen oh-one").

Remember, this only works for years after 1000 and not years beginning with 20 (e.g. 2009).

3. Use "hundred" or "thousand" when you see lots of zeros

If the year ends in double zero (e.g. 1400, 1100, 2100) just say "hundred" after the first numbers ("fourteen hundred," "eleven hundred," "twenty-one hundred").

Remember, this doesn't work for triple zero years (e.g. 1000, 2000, 3000). With these, we just say "thousand" ("one thousand," "two thousand," "three thousand").

4. How to say 2001 - 2009

Although we can say "twenty-oh-three," a lot of people prefer to say "two thousand and three," all the way up to "two thousand and ten."

But what about after that? What happens after 2010?

Apparently, no one can agree on this. So we hear people saying "twenty eleven" and other people saying "two thousand and eleven." Those people have more energy.

"But that's mad! Does this continue forever?" I can hear you asking.

The answer is "yes, it is mad" and "fortunately not."

Because when we get back to 2020, we're back to the old system again ("twenty twenty," "twenty twenty-eight," "twenty fifty-four," etc.)

OK! You've made it to the end! Congratulations! You rule!

You are now a MASTER of saying numbers in English!

But you'll need to do one more thing to really take in what you've learned today.

Look at these numbers - can you write them out in full?

Write your answers in the comments!

Did you find this useful? Do you know any people (or koalas) that might also benefit from this? Then BE AWESOME AND SHARE! Spread the knowledge!

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Numbers in English: The Ultimate Guide | Clark and Miller

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This is the ultimate guide to saying (or reading out) numbers in English. Also check out Maths Vocabulary in English: Do You Know the Basics? Today, you're going to learn how to say different types of

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In this lesson, you're going to learn 59 positive personality adjectives in English. Check out 66 Negative Personality Adjectives here.

Let's look at some positive words to describe people.

There are four main categories of positive personality adjectives. Let's imagine each category as a different person. So let's meet them:

Positive Personality Adjectives #1
Nik - the people person
Nik is the friend who's great with people. See how popular he is? People like Nik:

There are lots of reasons why people like Nik.

Reason why people like Nik #1

Nik is very easy to be with. You can talk to him easily, and he's very friendly:

Affable - He's easy to talk to.
Agreeable - He's enjoyable to talk to.
Amiable - He's friendly and nice.
Charming - He has a "magic" effect that makes people like him.
Polite - He's good at saying "please," "thank you," etc.
Likeable - He's easy to like.
Gregarious - He likes being with other people.

Reason why people like Nik #2

He thinks about you and how you feel:

*Sympathetic is a false friend: in many languages, it means "nice," but in English, it has a different meaning.

Reason why people like Nik #3

He doesn't choose one side when his friends disagree with each other:

Diplomatic - He is very good at trying to help people see both sides of a situation.
Impartial - He doesn't support just one side of a disagreement.

Reason why people like Nik #4

He's honest:

Sincere - He says what he really thinks and feels.
Straight-forward - He's direct and honest.

Reason why people like Nik #5

He likes giving and helping:

Generous - He likes giving things to people.
Helpful - He likes helping.
Kind - He cares about others and likes to help them, often emotionally.
Giving - He likes giving things to people - it's the same as "generous."

So that's Nik. What an awesome guy!

Positive Personality Adjectives #2
Alexa - the good worker
Alexa is a great worker. She's focussed and likes to get things done! She's the perfect candidate for a job. Bosses like her:

There are lots of reasons why Alexa is a good worker:

Reason why Alexa is a good worker #1

Alexa has a lot of natural personal qualities that make her a good worker:

Observant - She's good at noticing different things around her.
Quick-witted - She can think quickly and intelligently.
Patient - She can accept difficult situations without getting angry.
Dynamic - She has a lot of energy and can think creatively.
Bright - She's smart and intelligent.

Reason why Alexa is a good worker #2

She also "applies herself." This means she isn't lazy, and she tries to do the best work that she can:

Self-disciplined - She can control her own behaviour easily, and she's organised.
Resourceful - She's good at finding ways to solve problems.
Proactive - She doesn't wait for things to happen. She makes them happen!
Practical - She's good at finding the simplest and most efficient solution.
Organised - She knows how to organise things well.
Efficient - She can organise things quickly and clearly.
Hardworking - She works hard!
Diligent - She does her work carefully and cares about the details.

Reason why Alexa is a good worker #3

To be a good worker, you have to be good at managing change. When things change, Alexa can change with them:

Reason why Alexa is a good worker #4

Finally, Alexa is someone who you can trust:

Dependable - If she says she will do something, she will do it.
Reliable - The same as "dependable"
Trustworthy - You can trust her to be honest and sincere.
Loyal - She will always be on your side.

So that's Alexa. A great worker but not necessarily great fun.

That's why we need to have Freya in our lives!

Positive Personality Adjectives #3
Freya - the fun lady!
We all need a Freya in our lives. She's the friend who makes us happy and who we can have fun with. She's the friend who puts a smile on our faces and helps us kill the stress from our working day.

Here's Freya at a party. Like Nik, she's very popular. But for slightly different reasons:

Freya is fun to be around for several reasons.

Reason why Freya is fun #1

First of all, Freya has a lot of energy. When people have a lot of energy, this energy often transfers to you. It's fun!

Energetic - She has a lot of energy.
Adventurous - She likes doing new and different things.
Enthusiastic - She shows a lot of excitement and interest in things.
Kooky - She's a little crazy. But in a fun way.

Reason why Freya is fun #2

She's also very a very sociable and happy person:

Reason why Freya is fun #3

She's also very funny:

Hilarious - She's very, very, funny.
Witty - She's funny and can tell good jokes in an intelligent way.
Humorous - She's funny and entertaining.
Amusing - She's funny and fun.

Reason why Freya is fun #4

Finally, you don't feel bad when you're with Freya. You feel like you can say anything, and she won't think badly of you:

OK. So Freya's good fun. But perhaps sometimes she can get annoying! There are times when we need to be serious.

This is a good time to try to be like Delia.

Positive Personality Adjectives #4
Delia - the leader
Delia is the person we know who will probably become successful. She knows what she wants in life, and she has the power to take it! She may not have so many friends, but she takes pleasure from her success.

Why will Delia succeed? There are two main reasons for this:

Reason why Delia is a good leader #1

She has so much power in her. She's an unstoppable force!

Ambitious - She has very high targets for herself in life.
Determined - She doesn't quit, even when things get hard.
Passionate - She believes in her work and her success on an emotional level.
Persistent - She never gives up!
Decisive - She can make a decision quickly and confidently.

Reason why Delia is a good leader #2

She's also not afraid of anything. Or anyone!

Courageous - She's brave.
Fearless - She has no fear.

Basically, she's like a superhero!

How to use personality adjectives

OK. So now you know 59 positive adjectives to describe people you like. Let's take a look at a few different ways to use adjectives.

Let's start with a simple adjective to describe someone:

funny

There are different ways we can use this word to describe a person.

If we simply want to describe the person directly, we can say:

She's funny.

or

She's a funny woman.

There isn't much difference between these sentences. The only difference is that you have the freedom to use different words to describe the woman in the second example:

She's a funny person.

She's a funny friend.

She's a funny boss.

But what if you don't know this person? What if you just have the feeling that she might be funny?

The first thing to ask yourself is this: What gives you this feeling? Is it about her appearance or just a general feeling?

If it's a general feeling, we can say:

She seems funny.

But if it's about her appearance (she might be a clown), then we can say:

She looks funny.

or

She looks like a funny person.

Remember:

she looks + adjective

she looks like + (adjective) noun

Remember these adjectives forever

Download the free PDF cheat sheet with all these adjectives and more!

Did you enjoy this lesson? If so, please help me out and share it!

For even more adjectives to describe people, check out these 30 English Words, Phrases and Idioms for Crazy.

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59 Positive Personality Adjectives | Clark and Miller

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In this lesson, you're going to learn 59 positive personality adjectives in English. Check out 66 Negative Personality Adjectives here. Let's look at some positive words to describe people. There are four main categories of positive personality

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What happens when a frog's car breaks down? It gets toad away. If you're like me and laughed at this joke more than you probably should have, you know that words are fun. Bruce Worden, the man behind a blog called Homophones, Weakly, also shares this opinion. Like you might have already guessed, he's into homophones (each of two or more words having the same pronunciation but different meanings, origins, or spelling). In fact, Bruce likes them so much, he's even visualizing them!

Poking fun at the English language, Bruce uses minimalistic illustrations to prove that we just have to listen. For without context we couldn't know if someone is inviting us to a sail or sale. Scroll down for the images and upvote your favorites! Also, be sure to check out our list of the 20+ 'Same' Things That Most People Don't Know Are Actually Different, too!

More info: blogspot.com | Facebook

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40 Clever Illustrations Of 'Same' Words That You Probably Confuse Way Too Often

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What happens when a frog's car breaks down? It gets toad away. If you're like me and laughed at this joke more than you probably should have, you know that words are fun. Bruce Worden, the man behind a blog called Homophones, Weakly, also shares this opinion.

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An app to learn a new word every time you touch your phone

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An app to learn a new word every time you touch your phone

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WordBit Anglais – Applications sur Google Play

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Les petites habitudes peuvent aider à progresser. Étudier automatiquement!

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Duolingo is the world's most popular way to learn a language. It's 100% free, fun and science-based. Practice online on duolingo.com or on the apps!

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Beat the clock and answer as many spelling, vocabulary and grammar questions as you can in this 60-second quiz! Earn Grammar Guru, Word Wizard and Supreme Speller badges by completing all levels. Beat your score to earn the ultimate Johnny's Gold badge!

Johnny Grammar's Word Challenge is a quiz for English learners to test common vocabulary, spelling and grammar that appears in everyday English.

The game features:

3 quiz categories - Words, Grammar, Spelling

3 levels - Easy, Medium, Hard

10 common topics to practise vocabulary - Food & Restaurants, Travel, Small Talk, Hobbies etc.

12 grammar topics - Prepositions, Irregular verbs, Conjunctions etc.

Earn badges as you play and share with others

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Read the feedback on wrong answers to learn how to improve

If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to leave a comment below.
Go to Google Play Go to App Store

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Johnny Grammar's Word Challenge is a quiz for English learners to test common vocabulary, spelling and grammar that appears in everyday English.

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Apprendre l'anglais avec les Tutos de Huito

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Apprendre l’anglais avec les Tutos de Huito

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Apprendre l’anglais avec les Tutos de Huito

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Un chaîne dédiée à l’apprentissage de l’anglais, réalisée par un prof d’anglais, pour permettre aux élèves (collège/Lycée) ainsi qu’aux adultes débutants et confirmés de se remettre à niveau dans la langue de Shakespeare. Le tout gratuitement bien sûr!
Prononciation, intonation, accentuation, grammaire, vocabulaire, tous les aspects de la langue anglaise seront abordés, dans des termes simples et suivant une progression logique.
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Ah, l'anglais, quelle langue complexe ! C'est pile lorsque nous pensons que nos explications ont enfin porté leurs fruits que vous enfreignez une règle d'orthographe ou prononcez le son " ough " de mille et une mauvaises façons. Chers lecteurs, cet article, où nous vous présentions 10 mots d'anglais difficiles n'était que le début. Préparez-vous à découvrir de nouvelles règles d'orthographe et de grammaire anglaises pour éviter de martyriser davantage ces 10 mots anglais fréquemment confondus et mal utilisés !

1. Misspell

Oh l'ironie du sort ! Comment est-ce qu'un verbe signifiant mal orthographié peut-il être si difficile à épeler ? Il est vrai que ce premier mot a l'air un peu trop habillé avec ses deux " s " et ses deux " l ". Pour ne plus jamais l'écorner, souvenez-vous du dicton : Miss Pell never misspells.

2. Its ou It's

Ces deux-là ont fait pleurer bon nombre d'entre nous. Comme nous le savons, it's est la contraction de it is et its est la forme possessive de it. Envie sournoise d'insérer une apostrophe ? Vérifiez d'abord s'il est possible de remplacer it par his ou hers. Si la réponse est oui, its est fait pour vous !

3. A lot ou Allot

Quelle différence un simple espace peut faire ! A lot décrit la quantité et, cerise sur le gâteau, il peut être employé à la fois avec les dénombrables (comme people, chairs ou cups of coffee) et les indénombrables (tels que water, rice, money ou hair). Pensez : I have a lot of time. He's got a lot of books. How much do we have? A lot. Allot, pour sa part, est un verbe régulier qui signifie " attribuer ". Comme dans l'exemple : I allotted everyone 30 minutes to speak. All the students were allotted a study area. (Et pour faire monter les enchères : He allotted everyone a lot of time).

4. Piece ou Peace

Et à présent, autre chose que vous pouvez attribuer ( allot) et que les gens sont toujours ravis de recevoir : le dessert, ce qui nous amène à notre prochaine paire de mots épineuse. Heureusement, c'est simple comme bonjour. La prochaine fois que vous hésiterez entre piece et peace, pensez plutôt à a pie ce of pie (une part de tarte) that will bring world peace (qui instaurera la paix mondiale).

5. Advice ou Advise

Advice - avec le son s - se réfère à un conseil ou une suggestion en vue d'un plan d'action ( my friend gave me some really great advice). Advise - avec le son z - signifie suggérer ce qu'il faut faire ou donner des conseils ( he advised me to exercise first thing in the morning). Ouf ! Mais comment est-on censé les différencier ? Ne l'oubliez plus jamais grâce à cette astuce mnémotechnique : adv ice est un nom, tout comme ice, tandis que adv ise est un verbe, tout comme is.

6. Lose ou Loose

Devez-vous employer lose (perdre) ou loose (lâche, en vrac, libre) pour savoir si une équipe a perdu la finale ? Lorsque vous perdez 10 kg, faut-il employer lose ou loose pour définir l'état de vos pantalons ? Et d'ailleurs, est-ce bien important ? Eh bien, oui - cet innocent petit " o " en plus fait toute la différence. Imaginez que ces deux mots commencent une course en même temps et qu'à un moment donné, l oo se perde un " o " pour devenir l o se peut-être à cause d'un élan ( a moose) en liberté ( on the loose) ?

7. Diarrhoea

Waouh, rien qu'en l'épelant, ce mot a le pouvoir de vous faire sentir mal. Ce n'est peut-être pas un mot que vous utilisez tous les jours, mais il est utile de le connaître et voici un moyen facile d'en mémoriser l'orthographe (doublé d'une image mentale bien peu poétique) : d ash i n a r eal r eal h urry, o r e lse a ccident! (courir très très vite pour éviter l'accident). Pour gagner du temps - étant donné la nature de la question qui nous préoccupe - vous pouvez opter pour l'orthographe américaine : diarrhea).

8. Disinterested ou Uninterested

Deux autres mots faciles à confondre. Uninterested signifie ne pas être intéressé par quelque chose, tandis que disinterested signifie ne pas prendre parti dans un conflit - idéalement, comme le ferait un bon juge ! Pour mémoriser la différence, pensez à l'avocat mettant en garde ses clients avant de passer au tribunal : Don't dis respect the judge. She's dis interested (ne manquez pas de respect à la juge, elle est désintéressée).

9. Choisir " IE " ou " EI "

Autrefois, on disait aux étudiants que le " i " va toujours avant le " e ", sauf après un " c ". C'est plutôt simple, non ? Eh bien non, car, malheureusement, bon nombre de mots ne suivent pas cette règle. Donc, maintenant, il est préférable de se rappeler que le " i " va avant le " e ", sauf après un " c " ou lorsque l'on entend le son " ei ", comme dans neighbor et weigh (mais aussi pour le mot weird (bizarre), ce qui est vraiment bizarre !) Voilà qui couvre à peu près ces sournoises exceptions !

10. Every day ou Everyday

Everyday est un adjectif qui signifie commun ou ordinaire ( Everyday people don't dress head to toe in Gucci (les gens ordinaires ne s'habillent pas en Gucci de la tête aux pieds)). Every day fait référence à une action qui se déroule tous les jours ( I drink three strong coffees every day (je bois trois cafés forts tous les jours)). Pour ajouter à la confusion, les tâches que vous effectuez chaque jour ( every day) sont des tâches de tous les jours ( everyday). Le mal de tête vous a déjà gagné ? Il ne faut pas - il existe un moyen simple de distinguer les deux : si every day peut être remplacé par each day dans votre phrase, c'est donc pour every day qu'il vous faut opter !

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10 mots d'anglais déroutants à ne plus confondre ‹ EF GO Blog | EF Blog France

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Préparez-vous à découvrir de nouvelles règles d'orthographe et de grammaire pour éviter de martyriser davantage ces 10 mots anglais fréquemment confondus...

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CAPSULES VIDEO SUR LA GRAMMAIRE
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NaturalReader: Free Text to Speech for Online, Mobile App, Commercial license and Education with AI voices.

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FREE printable PDF grammar worksheets, quizzes and games for busy teachers, from A to Z. FREE on-line grammar quizzes for EFL&amp;amp;#x2F;ESL learners.

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https://www.grammar.cl/

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This site is divided in two main sections: Grammar Games and Grammar Notes.

We are constantly adding new grammar games, learning activities and grammar notes so we recommend that you visit our site every now and then to see what is new.

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PLEASE NOTE: This English grammar website is aimed towards adults learning English as a second language so you may find some of the grammar examples aimed towards adults and their interests and not so much for children. Teachers may want to check content before sharing it.

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Free English grammar lessons, games and activities including worksheets for teachers and students - Lecciones de inglés - gramática y juegos para aprender inglés gratis

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https://www.e-anglais.com/cours/index.html

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Les Cours

Ces cours comportent des liens vers des exercices interactifs :

Grammaire

1. Présent simple et progressif - Present Simple & Present Progressive

2. Prétérit simple et progressif - Past Simple & Past Progressive

3. Present Perfect (simple & progressif)

4. Le Plus-que-parfait - Past Perfect

5. La Voix passive - Passive Voice

6. Infinitif ou gérondif - Infinitive or Gerund

7. Le Discours indirect - Reported Speech

8. Les Adjectifs en -ing et en -ed, et les adjectifs composés - Compound Adjectives, etc.

9. Les Comparatifs et les superlatifs - Comparative and Superlative Adjectives and Adverbs

10. Pronoms et possessifs

1. Pronoms personnels - Personal Pronouns
(I/me, you, he/him...)

2. Adjectifs possessifs - Possessive Adjectives
(my, your, his...)

3. Pronoms possessifs - Possessive Pronouns
(mine, yours, his...)

4. Pronoms réfléchis - Reflexive Pronouns
(myself, yourself, himself...)

5. Pronoms réciproques - Reciprocal Pronouns
(each other...)

11. Le relatif : pronoms relatifs et subordonnées relatives - Relative Clauses & Pronouns

12. Question Tags

Autre

1. Une introduction à la lettre commerciale

2. Les verbes irréguliers

3. Un glossaire de l'anglais des affaires (Business English vocabulary)

Cours à domicile ou en entreprise

Vous souhaitez apprendre l'anglais et vous cherchez un professeur anglophone diplomé (master et doctorat) pour des cours d'anglais à Paris (ou sa prochaine banlieue) ? Je peux vous proposer des cours adaptés à votre niveau et à vos intérêts professionnels ou culturels : l'anglais général, l'anglais des affaires, l'anglais littéraire.

On détermine ensemble votre niveau, vos objectifs et le temps que vous pouvez y consacrer. Puis on établit un programme d'études et nous organisons des séances de face-à-face (dans votre entreprise ou domicile, par exemple) et de travail en autonome.

Merci de m'envoyer un e-mail à ce propos si vous souhaitez en savoir davantage.

No. de SIRET : 384 942 066 00026
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Cours d'anglais en ligne - grammaire, etc., e-anglais.com

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Anglais - cours d'anglais en ligne: exercices, tests, grammaire, ressources pour apprendre l'anglais et pour le bac, le CAPES, et l'agrégation d'anglais

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Les articles (un, une, le…) Les pronoms sujet / objet Les adjectifs possessifs Les mots interrogatifs Le verbe être Le verbe avoir Les temps verbaux Les verbes irréguliers Le pluriel des noms La comparaison Les modaux

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Worksheets, English, Grammar, Daily Life, Rainbow of Education, Explan

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Write and get some feedback - not perfect though

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Write and get some feedback - not perfect though

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Developed by the University of Cambridge, Write & Improve is a FREE tool that helps every learner to improve their English writing.

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Write & Improve is a free service for learners of English to practise their written English. Submit your written work and receive feedback in seconds, covering spelling, vocabulary, grammar and general style.

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English Grammar

A compound adjective is sometimes called a hyphenated adjective. What are they?

Let's look at the following sentences:

The first sentence contains a compound adjective.

The second sentence doesn't.

However the meaning of the two sentences are very different as can be seen in the picture below:

I saw a man-eating alligator.
We are describing the alligator. What type of alligator is it? It is one that eats men (or people).

I saw a man eating alligator.
This sentence without the hyphen sounds like a man is eating an alligator.
(man is the subject, eating is the verb, alligator is the object or thing that is being eaten).

As you can see, the hyphen (or lack of it) makes a big difference in the meaning of the sentence.

Before we explain in more detail why we put that hyphen between those two words in the first sentence, we need to do a quick review of Adjectives.

What is an adjective?

An adjective is a word that describes something.

A red car ( red is an adjective because it describes the car. How is the car? Red)

A big book ( big is an adjective because it describes the book. How is the book? Big)

See our other grammar notes about Adjectives in English. (LINK coming soon)

But sometimes we use more than one adjective to describe something.

Compound adjectives

A compound adjective is an adjective that contains two or more words.

In general we put a hyphen between two or more words (before a noun) when we want them to act as a single idea (adjective) that describes something.

I live in an English-speaking country.

English-speaking is an adjective (used to describe the country). We use a hyphen to connect the word English with speaking to show that it is one adjective (or one idea).

This adjective with two words joined by the hyphen is called a compound adjective.

Some more examples of compound adjectives are:

Our office is in a twenty-storey building.

I have just finished reading a 300-page book.

He is a well-known writer.

There are many types of Compound Adjectives. Here is a list of the most common types:

Periods of Time

When we have compound adjectives using a number + a time period, that word referring to a time period is in singular form and is joined to the number with a hyphen.

I work eight hours every day --> I work an eight-hour day

I'm going on vacation for three weeks --> I have a three-week vacation

There was a delay of 5 seconds --> There was a five-second delay

Notice how we normally write the number as a word, not in numerical form.

Adverbs and Compound Adjectives

Adverbs modify a verb.

How does she walk? Slowly. Slowly is an adverb that modifies (or describes) the verb.

Adverbs can also be used to modify an adjective.

It is very hot today. (Very is an adverb)

She is extremely intelligent. (Extremely is an adverb)

Notice how we do not put a hyphen between an adverb and an adjective (not even before a noun).

Adverb + Past Participle

However when we have an Adverb + past participle, we put a hyphen between the two words to make it a compound adjective.

This is a brightly-lit room.

She is a well-known actress.

We live in a densely-populated city.

Noun + Past Participle

When we have a noun + past participle, we put a hyphen between the two words to make it a compound adjective.

Noun + Present Participle

When we have a noun + present participle, we put a hyphen between the two words to make it a compound adjective.

Noun + Adjective

When we have a noun + adjective, we put a hyphen between the two words to make it a compound adjective.

Adjective + Noun

When we have an adjective + noun, we put a hyphen between the two words to make it a compound adjective.

Adjective + Past Participle

When we have an adjective + past participle, we put a hyphen between the two words to make it a compound adjective.

Adjective + Present Participle

When we have an adjective + present participle, we put a hyphen between the two words to make it a compound adjective.

Compound Adjectives with Proper Nouns

A proper noun is the name of something or someone (e.g. John, Susan Sanders).

Compound Adjectives made from Proper nouns don't need a hyphen though must have capital letters.

I bought the James Jackson tickets for us.

James Jackson is a compound adjective describing the tickets (What type of tickets? James Jackson tickets). Since the adjective is a Proper noun, we don't need a hyphen between the two names.

How do we know when to put a hyphen?

If you can use the word "and" between the two adjectives or words, then a hyphen isn't necessary.

She has a big blue book.

(Big and Blue are adjectives)
Can we say: She has a big and blue book. (Yes, it is possible)

He is a world famous singer. (Is this correct?)

Can we say: He is a world and famous singer. No, it doesn't sound correct so we need a hyphen to join the words world and famous:

He is a world-famous singer. (Correct)

Also, look at the following:

It's an old coal-mining town

Notice how we didn't put a hyphen between the word old and coal. If we had have done that, we would have been referring to old coal, as in coal that is old. We want to emphasise that the town in old and not the coal.

Here we can say it is old and a coal-mining one.

Next activity

See our other lesson about Compound Adjectives, it includes more examples.

See more about Adverbs vs Adjectives

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What are Compound Adjectives and when to use them in English. Hyphenated Adjectives

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Alphabet Phonétique International anglais · Bilingue Anglais

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L'Alphabet Phonétique International anglais : tous les sons de l'anglais en une seule infographie interactive avec AUDIO.

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