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Trust and Mistrust are the first phase of Erikson stages. This stage starts at birth and lasts for around 18 months. Enfants learn to trust that their caregivers will meet their basic needs. If the needs are not consistently met, mistrust, suspicion, and anxiety may develop, like an infant who is fed regularly and comforted when upset will learn to trust the caregiver and the world around them. They develop sense of security and confidence in their environment. "If trust predominates, as it should, children develop hope: the belief they can fulfill their needs and obtain their desires" (Morterall, 2023, p.152). I spend all my childhood with my mom because she doesn't have a job. My father was working but still spending the weekend with as.

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of the day. Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt is the second stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which takes place in early childhood, usually between 18 months and three years old. During this stage, children start to develop a sense of independence and personal control and learn to make their own decision. We are going to find parent encouraging them to promote child's autonomy during this time, like toilet training. Parent should be patient and supportive, allowing children to learn. However, if they make pressure on them, or rush the process; children may feel shame and start to doubt about their abilities. "Toddlers need adults to set appropriate limits, and shame and doubt help them recognize the need for those limits" (Morterall, 2023, p.157). Here the parents need to know how they should react with the children, so they become autonomy and even they shame them. It is because they want them to learn. My parent encouraged me to brush my teeth by myself and to pick my cloth of the day.

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Initiative versus Guilt Erikson’s third stage in psychosocial development, in which children balance the urge to pursue goals with reservations about doing so. Initiative leads to a sense of purpose and can help develop leadership skills. Failure result in guilt. kids that cannot develop initiative at this stage may become fearful of trying new things, because the feeling of guilt comes if the child experience too many failures, many rules, and restriction from adult. This is why adult should respect the kids and give them helpful feedback if they feal in doing something and try to encourage them or help them to get to the goal. "Children who learn how to regulate these opposing drives develop the virtue of purpose, the courage to envision and pursue goals without being unduly inhibited by guilt or fear of punishment"(Morterall, 2023, p. 210). Instead of complaining or giving a bad feedback think on what the child will feel and try to be positive.

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Industry versus Inferiority is Erikson’s fourth crisis of psychosocial development, in which children must learn the productive skills their culture requires or else face feelings of inferiority. Successfully navigation on this stage will lead to the virtue of competence. Children develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities. Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Senses lead to a sense of competence, while failure results in feeling of inferiority. Where the individual becomes discouraged, feels inferior, or incompetent upon receiving an evaluation of one's work. My mom always supported me, and my big sister teched me everything she could, but feel sometimes I was feeling inferior from the peers, because I was not dressed well as they are. It was a terrible experience for me, but it did not stop me to be on the top of my class, I was always the first one to answer question and my grad are simply perfect back then. "If children are unable to obtain the praise of others or lack motivation and self-esteem, they may develop a feeling of low self-worth and thus develop a sense of inferiority” (Morterall, 2023, p. 276).

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Identity versus Identity confusion is Erikson’s fifth stage of psychosocial development in which an adolescent seeks to develop a coherent sense of self, including the role she or he is to play in society. Also called identity versus role confusion. It happens to occur during adolescence, from about 12-18 years. During this stage, adolescents search for a sense of self and personal identity, through an intense exploration of personal values, beliefs, and goals. If adolescents are supported in their exploration and given the freedom to explore distinct roles, they are likely to emerge from this stage with intense sense of self and feeling of independence and control. "He effort to make sense of the self is part of a healthy process that builds on the achievements of earlier stages—on trust, autonomy, initiative, and industry—and lays the groundwork for coping with the challenges of adult life" (Morterall, 2023, p. 236). At this age I was able to make my own choices to set a goal of my future with the help of my parents. Even though it was hard to keep the same goal, because in my home country it is going to depend on your grades at the highschooler final exam, so I did find what I want, and choose a second choice if I do not get the first one.

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Intimacy vs. Isolation is the sixth stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. This stage takes place during young adulthood between the age of 18 to 40 yrs. During this stage, the major conflict centers on forming intimate, loving, relationship with other people. They can form close bonds and are comfortable with mutual dependency and involves the ability to be open and share oneself with others. Isolation on the other hand is having an emotional distance from others or struggling to form these relationships. Due to earlier unsolved identity crises or fear of rejection. Isolation led to feeling of loneliness, alienation, and exclusion. "The increased intimacy of adolescent friendship reflects cognitive as well as emotional development. Adolescents are now better able to express their private thoughts and feelings and consider another person’s point of view"(morterall, 2023, p, 351). I was able to find myself a loving husband at age of twenty-four, and our love to each other leads as to have our son. I became a mom at 27 years, and I am so happy to have my other half with me.

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Generativity versus stagnation is the seven stage of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. Witch typically occurs during middle adulthood (from ages 40 to 65 years old). This stage represents a critical period where individuals are grappling with the balance between productivity and feeling unproductive or stagnant in their lives. Generativity is a concept that refers to the desire and ability to contribute positively to society and future generations. It involves being productive in a broader sense, beyond just one's immediate family, such as through work, community involvement, mentoring, creativity, and caregiving. Generative individuals often feel a sense of fulfillment and purpose from their contributions to others and society. Stagnation, on the other hand, represents a sense of feeling stuck, unproductive, or lacking in purpose. Individuals who experience stagnation may feel as though they have not achieved their goals or made a meaningful impact in their lives or the lives of others. "Homelessness results from circumstances that force people to choose between food, shelter, and other basic needs” (Morterall, 2023, p. 179).

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Ego integrity versus despair is the final stage in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, occurring during late adulthood (typically from about 65 years and older). This stage represents a reflection on life and the culmination of all previous psychosocial conflict’s individuals have experienced throughout their lives. This refers to the ability to look back on one's life with a sense of fulfillment, satisfaction, and coherence. Individuals who have developed ego integrity feel a sense of peace and acceptance about their past choices, experiences, and accomplishments. They have integrated the various aspects of their lives into a coherent whole, including successes and failures, joys, and sorrows. Despair, in contrast, reflects a sense of regret, disappointment, and fear at the end of life. During this stage, Erikson believed that achieving ego integrity involves coming to terms with one's life as a whole and accepting it as meaningful, regardless of the challenges and setbacks faced. It also involves reconciling with the inevitability of death and finding a sense of closure. "Issues such as these have led a growing number of researchers to call for new guidelines to ensure the integrity of psychological findings" (morterall, 2023, p. 27). At this stage I hope I will see the ego integrity on my work and life.

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Martorell G,(2023). Child, 3rd edition. McGraw Hill.