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The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) was founded in 1948. It is a global environmental organization dedicated to nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. The IUCN brings together governments, NGOs, scientists, and other stakeholders to develop and implement policies and practices aimed at preserving biodiversity. It is known for its Red List of Threatened Species, which assesses the conservation status of species worldwide.i

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In 1958, the United Nations held the first Conference on the Law of the Sea, resulting in the adoption of four conventions:

1. Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone

2. Convention on the High Seas

3. Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas

4. Convention on the Continental Shelf

These treaties aimed to codify and clarify international maritime law, addressing issues like territorial waters, navigation rights, and resource management.

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The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) was founded in 1961. It is an international non-governmental organization focused on wildlife conservation and the reduction of human impact on the environment. WWF works on various environmental issues such as endangered species conservation, habitat preservation, climate change, and sustainable practices worldwide.

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"Silent Spring," written by Rachel Carson, was published in 1962. It is a landmark book that raised awareness about the dangers of indiscriminate pesticide use, particularly DDT, and its impact on the environment and human health. Carson's work is credited with sparking the modern environmental movement and banning of DDT with the establishment of environmental protection agencies.

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In 1969, the Cuyahoga River in Cleveland, Ohio gained national attention when it caught fire due to industrial pollution and debris on its surface. This event highlighted the severe pollution problems facing many American rivers at the time and contributed to the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972, which aimed to regulate and reduce water pollution in the United States. The Cuyahoga River fire of 1969 is prompted significant changes in environmental policy and regulations.

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The Gaia Hypothesis, proposed by James Lovelock in the 1970s, suggests that the Earth functions as a self-regulating system akin to a living organism. Lovelock posited that biological processes on Earth interact with the physical environment to maintain conditions suitable for life. This hypothesis proposes that living organisms and their inorganic surroundings are closely integrated to form a complex, self-regulating system that can influence global climate, atmospheric composition, and other environmental factors. The Gaia Hypothesis has sparked significant scientific debate and influenced the study of Earth systems and environmental science.

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CITES, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, began in 1974. It is an international agreement between governments aimed at ensuring that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. CITES regulates and monitors the international trade of over 37,000 species of plants and animals, providing varying degrees of protection through three appendices based on the species' conservation status.

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"Save the Whale" was a prominent campaign initiated by various environmental groups and activists in 1974, aiming to raise awareness about the plight of whales and advocate for their conservation. It highlighted the threats posed by commercial whaling and sought to mobilize public support to protect whale populations worldwide. The campaign played a significant role in galvanizing global opposition to whaling practices and contributed to the eventual establishment of regulations and bans on commercial whaling in many countries.

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George Washington Carver (born around 1860) was an American agricultural scientist, inventor, and educator who promoted alternative crops to cotton, such as peanuts and sweet potatoes, to help improve soil nutrition and sustainability for farmers in the Southern United States. Carver developed over 300 products derived from peanuts, including dyes, plastics, and gasoline. He was also a prominent advocate for agricultural education and sustainability practices. Carver's contributions significantly impacted agriculture and the economy, particularly in the South during the early 20th century.