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For your assigned time period:

Read the brief description on the timeline.

Click on the link at the end of the brief description; this is your assigned article. Read your assigned article.

After reading it carefully, summarize 5-6 important facts about that topic; post this summary in the COMMENTS section.

Using GOOGLE:

Find a reliable source for further study of this topic.

Read that source.

In the comments below your section, share 2+ meaningful additional pieces of information about the topic.

Cite your source!

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Arrival of the First Jews in New Amsterdam

Late 18th to Early 19th Century

Early to Mid-19th Century: Antebellum Judaism

Mid-19th Century: The Rise of Classical Reform Judaism

Late 19th to Early 20th Century: Immigrant Orthodoxy

Mid-20th Century: Orthodoxy in Transition

Post WWII: Postwar Judaism

1960s-1970s: Countercultural Judaism

Late 20th to Early 21st Century: Jewish Pluralism

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1654: Arrival of the First Jews in New Amsterdam

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1654: Arrival of the First Jews in New Amsterdam

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The earliest Jewish community in the American colonies was established in New Amsterdam (now New York City). In 1654, 23 Jewish refugees from Recife, Brazil, settled in New Amsterdam, seeking freedom and opportunities in the New World. They founded Congregation Shearith Israel, the oldest Jewish congregation in the United States.

https://pluralism.org/colonial-synagogue-community

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Late 18th to Early 19th Century: Early Americanization of Jewish Communities

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Late 18th to Early 19th Century: Early Americanization of Jewish Communities

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During this period, Jews in America began to Americanize, adopting the customs, language, and patriotic sentiments of their new country while maintaining their religious and cultural practices. This era saw the establishment of new Jewish communities across the burgeoning nation, engaging in trade, business, and communal life. https://pluralism.org/early-americanization

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Early to Mid-19th Century: Antebellum Judaism

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Early to Mid-19th Century: Antebellum Judaism

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The Antebellum period, leading up to the Civil War, was marked by the growth of Jewish life in America. Jewish communities expanded in the South and the West, with Jews playing significant roles in local economies and societies. This era also saw the beginning of the debate over slavery within Jewish communities, reflecting broader national tensions. https://pluralism.org/antebellum-judaism

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Mid-19th Century: The Rise of Classical Reform Judaism

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Mid-19th Century: The Rise of Classical Reform Judaism

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Originating in the mid-19th century, Classical Reform Judaism represented a significant departure from traditional Jewish practices, embracing a more liberal theology and service style. This movement sought to modernize Judaism to reflect the new realities of American life, including the use of English in services and the abandonment of some traditional rituals. https://pluralism.org/classical-reform

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Late 19th to Early 20th Century: Immigrant Orthodoxy

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Late 19th to Early 20th Century: Immigrant Orthodoxy

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At the turn of the 20th century, a massive wave of Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe arrived in America. Fleeing persecution and seeking better opportunities, they brought with them a strong adherence to Orthodox Judaism. These new communities established yeshivas, kosher butcheries, and synagogues, significantly impacting the Jewish religious landscape in America. https://pluralism.org/immigrant-orthodoxy

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Mid-20th Century: Orthodoxy in Transition

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Mid-20th Century: Orthodoxy in Transition

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This era marked a period of adaptation and transition for Orthodox Judaism in America. Facing the challenges of modernity and American secular culture, some Orthodox communities began to incorporate new methods of religious engagement, educational strategies, and community organization, aiming to preserve traditional practices while navigating a rapidly changing society. https://pluralism.org/orthodoxy-in-transition

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In the aftermath of World War II, American Jews experienced significant social and economic advancements. This period saw the expansion of suburban Jewish communities, the establishment of new Jewish institutions, and increased participation in American political and cultural life. Postwar Judaism was characterized by a resurgence of religious observance and the strengthening of Jewish identity. https://pluralism.org/postwar-judaism

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The 1960s and 1970s were transformative decades for American Jews, mirroring the wider societal shifts towards countercultural movements. Young Jews actively participated in civil rights, anti-war protests, and feminist movements, seeking social justice and redefining Jewish identity in America. This era also saw the emergence of new Jewish religious movements and renewed interest in Jewish spirituality. https://pluralism.org/countercultural-judaism

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Late 20th to Early 21st Century: Jewish Pluralism

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Late 20th to Early 21st Century: Jewish Pluralism

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The late 20th and early 21st centuries have been marked by an unprecedented diversity and pluralism within American Jewish life. Jews in America now embrace a wide range of religious practices, cultural expressions, and political viewpoints, reflecting the complex identities and experiences of the American Jewish community. This period highlights the dynamic and evolving nature of Jewish life in the United States. https://pluralism.org/jewish-pluralism