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1885: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Ban

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1885: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Ban

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Mark Twain's novel was banned from the Concord Public Library just one month after its American publication. The library committee called it "trash and suitable only for the slums," objecting to its "coarse language" and portrayal of characters. The ban received national attention, helping boost the book's sales elsewhere. This early case highlights how attempts at censorship often increase a book's visibility. The controversy centered on the novel's use of racial slurs and its complex portrayal of race relations, issues that continue to make it one of America's most challenged classics in schools today.Further reading: https://bannedbooks.library.cmu.edu/huckleberry-finn/

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1929: A Farewell to Arms Banned in Boston

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1929: A Farewell to Arms Banned in Boston

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Ernest Hemingway's novel about an American ambulance driver in WWI Italy was banned in Boston for its profanity and sexual content. The Boston police seized copies from bookstores, deeming it obscene under Massachusetts law. Publisher Scribner's fought back, but the ban remained temporarily in effect. This censorship exemplifies the "Banned in Boston" phenomenon, where the city's Watch and Ward Society heavily influenced what citizens could read. The controversy only increased the novel's popularity nationwide. Hemingway later remarked that censorship helped sell books, demonstrating how suppression often backfires.Further reading: https://www.massmoments.org/moment-details/boston-police-seize-hemingways-a-farewell-to-arms.html

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1933: Nazi Book Burnings at University of Berlin

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1933: Nazi Book Burnings at University of Berlin

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While our focus is primarily US-based, this international incident profoundly influenced American attitudes toward censorship. On May 10, 1933, Nazi student groups burned over 25,000 "un-German" books in Berlin, including works by Helen Keller, Ernest Hemingway, and Albert Einstein. The event shocked Americans and became a powerful symbol of fascist oppression. In response, US libraries began actively defending intellectual freedom, establishing the precursor to the American Library Association's Freedom to Read Statement. This watershed moment helped frame book banning as anti-democratic and contrary to American values.Further reading: https://www.ushmm.org/collections/bibliography/1933-book-burnings

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City Lights Bookstore, San Francisco, California

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1957: Howl Obscenity Trial in San Francisco

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1957: Howl Obscenity Trial in San Francisco

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Allen Ginsberg's poem "Howl" became the center of a landmark obscenity case when San Francisco police seized copies from City Lights Bookstore and arrested owner Lawrence Ferlinghetti for publishing it. The poem's explicit language and homosexual themes were deemed obscene. The subsequent trial resulted in a historic ruling by Judge Clayton Horn that the work had "redeeming social importance" and therefore was protected speech. This case established a crucial precedent for literary freedom and helped usher in a more liberal era in publishing. It remains a pivotal moment in the battle against literary censorship.Further reading: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/69680/the-howl-obscenity-trial

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1974: Five Connecticut Schools Ban Slaughterhouse-Five

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1974: Five Connecticut Schools Ban Slaughterhouse-Five

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Kurt Vonnegut's anti-war novel was burned in Drake, North Dakota in 1973 and subsequently banned by five Connecticut schools in 1974 for its "explicit sexual scenes, violence, and obscene language." A landmark Supreme Court case, Island Trees School District v. Pico (1982), later referenced this censorship when establishing that school boards cannot remove books from libraries simply because they disagree with their content. Vonnegut responded to the burning with characteristic wit: "If you are an American, you must allow all ideas to circulate freely in your community, not merely your own." The book remains frequently challenged in schools today.Further reading: https://pen.org/kurt-vonnegut-and-the-book-banners/

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Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D.C.

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1982: Island Trees School District v. Pico Supreme Court Case

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1982: Island Trees School District v. Pico Supreme Court Case

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This watershed Supreme Court case began when the Island Trees School Board removed nine books from the high school library, including works by Kurt Vonnegut, Bernard Malamud, and Richard Wright, claiming they were "anti-American, anti-Christian, anti-Semitic, and just plain filthy." Student Steven Pico led a legal challenge that reached the Supreme Court. In a 5-4 decision, the Court ruled that school boards cannot remove books simply because they disagree with the ideas expressed. Justice Brennan wrote that the First Amendment includes "the right to receive information and ideas." This landmark ruling established crucial limits on school censorship powers.Further reading: https://www.oyez.org/cases/1981/80-2043

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Escambia County Public Library, Pensacola, Florida

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1990: Madonna's Sex Book Banned in Multiple Locations

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1990: Madonna's Sex Book Banned in Multiple Locations

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Madonna's controversial art book "Sex" was banned or restricted in numerous communities across America upon its 1990 release. The Escambia County Public Libraries in Florida placed it in a locked case, requiring readers to request special access, leading to legal challenges by the ACLU. The metal-bound photographic essay exploring Madonna's sexual fantasies became the most successfully banned book of the 1990s, although its commercial success was staggering, selling 150,000 copies on its first day. Libraries struggled with whether to acquire it at all, sparking national debates about censorship, artistic expression, and the mission of public libraries.Further reading: https://bannedbooks.library.cmu.edu/madonnas-sex/

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Christ Community Church, Alamogordo, New Mexico

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2001: Harry Potter Book Burning in Alamogordo

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2001: Harry Potter Book Burning in Alamogordo

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On December 30, 2001, the Christ Community Church in Alamogordo held a book burning targeting J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series, along with other materials they deemed "satanic." Pastor Jack Brock claimed the books promoted witchcraft among children. The event attracted national media attention and counter-protests from local residents defending freedom of expression. This incident exemplifies the religious objections that have made Harry Potter the most challenged book series of the early 21st century. Despite such challenges, the series went on to become one of the bestselling literary works in history, demonstrating the limited effectiveness of censorship in the digital age.Further reading: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/22/harry-potter-book-burning-jk-rowling-church

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2011: Tucson Unified School District Bans Mexican American Studies

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2011: Tucson Unified School District Bans Mexican American Studies

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In 2011, Arizona's HB 2281 led the Tucson Unified School District to dismantle its successful Mexican American Studies program and ban books including "Rethinking Columbus," "Occupied America," and works by Chicano authors. Officials literally boxed up books while students watched. This sparked the Librotraficante ("book smuggler") movement, which created underground libraries of the banned texts. In 2017, a federal judge ruled the law unconstitutional, finding it "motivated by racial animus" and violated students' First Amendment rights. This case highlighted how book banning often targets marginalized perspectives and can become a form of cultural erasure.Further reading: https://www.npr.org/2017/08/22/545322817/federal-judge-finds-racism-behind-arizona-law-banning-ethnic-studies

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McMinn County Board of Education, Athens, Tennessee

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2022: Maus Banned by McMinn County School Board

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2022: Maus Banned by McMinn County School Board

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On January 10, 2022, the McMinn County School Board in Tennessee voted unanimously to remove Art Spiegelman's Pulitzer Prize-winning graphic novel "Maus" from its 8th-grade curriculum. The board cited concerns about "rough, objectionable language" and a small nude drawing. The decision sparked national outrage and sent the book to #1 on Amazon as readers rushed to purchase copies in protest. This ban occurred amid a nationwide surge in book challenges, with the American Library Association reporting more than 1,500 book challenges in 2021 alone, nearly quadruple the previous year. Spiegelman called the ban "Orwellian" and noted the irony of censoring a book about the Holocaust.Further reading: https://www.npr.org/2022/01/27/1076180329/tennessee-school-board-ban-maus-holocaust

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In 1991, the book was published and restricted. The book was published by Vintage Books. The book classifies as R18, meaning that you must be 18 to purchase the book and it must be sold in plastic wrap.

In 2015, the book was banned entirely from sale.

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In 1995, Germany restricted sales, saying it was "harmful to minors" This majorly impacted sales and marketing until early 200's.

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In 2025, Cobb County school district banned the book from all libraries, including dozes of other books. The book was deemed "sexually explicit content". The book, American Psycho has now been banned along with thirty six other books. Superintendent, Chris Ragsdale announced the removal at the school board.

https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/cobb-county-removes-american-psycho-from-school-libraries

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Originally censored in 1970s at her daughter's primary school. Then in September 2023 the book was banned in the Katy Independent School District. In the 1980s, people didn't agree with the fact Margaret was questioning her religion. They didn't agree with her talking about her menstrual cycle either even though it's a very normal topic to talk about. For the most part, the book is still widely available. It is banned for the talk of the menstruation cycle and for questioning of Religion. Ever since the release in 1970s, it has been a challenged book. In 1990, it was the 60th most frequently challenged book and in 2009 it was the 99th most frequently challenged. The early reception of the book people originally praised it because it was honest about puberty but also the thought process of a tween girl.

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Originally published in 2020, ‘All Boys Aren’t Blue’ by George M. Johnson was only around for a couple months before alarm bells rang in Kansas City, Missouri. After initial complaints were released in 2021, a spiral of bans in different counties throughout the country were enacted and an official criminal complaint was issued to George M. Johnson in Florida.

‘All Boys Aren’t Blue’ has remained on the list of banned books since 2021, and has worked its way up to be the top most banned book in the United States.

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Firekeeper's Daughter by Angeline Boulley has faced challenges in a U.S. school. In Michigan (2023), the book was blocked from high school collection despite grant-based acquisition. In Florida's Collier County, the title was among several removed under legislation targeting sexual or mature content. It also appears on advocacy lists like "Best of Banned Books," which cite its representation of Ojibwe culture and highlight its suppression. These incidents reflect broader educational censorship trends, where books featuring marginalized voices are notably vulnerable, and decisions are often made through district-level policy changes without public resolution.

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In September of 2008, The Twilight Saga was temporarily removed from the Capistrano Unified School District in California. There was no reason given for the removal and the books were returned to the shelf.

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In May of 2009, The Twilight Saga was challenged at Brockbank Junior High in Magna, Utah. One parent voiced concern for “overly sexual content” in the last book of the series. The book was not banned from the school.

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Santa Sabina College, The Boulevarde, Strathfield NSW, Australia

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Santa Sabina College, The Boulevarde, Strathfield NSW, Australia

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Santa Sabina College, The Boulevarde, Strathfield NSW, Australia

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In September of 2009, The Twilight Saga was banned from the library at Santa Sabina College Strathfield in Australia for being “too racy”. “The “Twilight” series was removed from “schools because they believe the content is too sexual and goes against religious beliefs,” according to Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom in November 2009” (BBARK).

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In 2010, Australia banned the series for primary school students and in some junior schools due to it being too racy, too sexual, and that it goes against religious beliefs. Parents were even asked to not allow students to bring their own personal copies of the books to school.

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The Twilight Saga was challenged in 2015 at the Austin Memorial Library in Cleveland Texas. It was challenged along with other books that contained vampire themes because it was considered occult and demonic by a local minister in the area.

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After looking at many sources that highlight the challenges of the Goosebumps series, it is clear that RL Stine's work has been in question for years. The challenges started in 1992 with the publication of “Welcome to the Death House”. Many parents found this book too scary and gory for children, although this was an unofficial challenge, Stine's works started to gain some attention. Moving into 1995, many school districts started to challenge the Goosebumps series for its scary themes. These conversations lead to age-restricted notices to be placed on the book when placed in school libraries. In 1997, we can see Goosebumps receive its first official challenge in the Anoka-Hennepin School District, which is located in Minnesota. Despite the challenges, it was not approved for banning. In 1999, the Goosebumps series ranked as the 15th most challenged book series. Moving into the early 2000s, challenges continued to happen throughout many school districts, but to no avail, the Goosebumps book series stood strong.

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The first time The Outsiders was challenged was in South Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the year 1986 by the school board. The school board wanted The Outsiders removed from the eighth-grade reading list due to underage drinking, drug use, and gang violence. Though the challenge technically failed and did not get the book removed from the eighth-grade reading list, it did successfully bring lots of attention to the book and caused for it to be a frequently challenged book.

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In 1992 a parent in Boone, Iowa challenged The Outsiders for "glamorizing smoking and drinking" as well as excessive violence and obscenities. This challenge was successful and caused for the Boone community school district to remove the book from the curriculum.

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At George Washington Middle School in Eleanor, West Virginia, The Outsiders was challenged by parents due to the gang violence, lack of adult role models, and "unchristian values". This challenge was unsuccessful as the book remained on the curriculum for Language Art classrooms.

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The Lovely Bones was originally challenged in 2007 at Coleytown Middle School in Westport, Ct. It was challenged for being too mature for many middle school students. However, the superintendent recognized that it was appropriate for students as long as they were mature and prepared for the content within the book. This first challenge came five years after the books publication in 2002.

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The Lovely Bones was challenged in both 2008 and 2009 at John W. Dewitt Middle School in Waltham, Ma. It was removed from the open portion of the school library because it was supposedly too frightening for middle school students to read about

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The Lovely Bones was once again challenged in 2017 in the English II classes at Lemont High School, District 210. This is the first time that The Lovely Bones was under review from a high school instead of a middle school. It was challenged because a parent thought that the book was "pornographic." However, it only contains one small inappropriate scene outside of the initial sexual assault of Susie in the book, which should not be considered pornographic.