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Pantun (Jawi: ڤنتون) is a Malay oral poetic form used to express intricate ideas and emotions.

It generally consists of even-numbered lines and based on ABAB rhyming schemes.

The shortest pantun consists of two lines better known as the pantun dua kerat in Malay, while the longest pantun, the pantun enam belas kerat have 16 lines.

Pantun is a disjunctive form of poetry which always come in two parts, the first part being the prefatory statement called pembayang or sampiran that has no immediate logical or the narrative connection with the second or closing statement called maksud or isi.However, they are always connected by the rhymes and other verbal associations, such as puns and repeating sounds.

There is also an oblique but necessary relationship and the first statement often turns out to be a metaphor for the second one.

The most popular form of pantun is the quatrain (four lines), and the couplet (two-lines), which both featured prominently in the literature and modern popular culture.

The earliest literary records of pantun date back to the 15th century Malacca Sultanate, although some historians believe that pantun may be as old as the Malay language itself, grew and spread during the Srivijaya era, where the founder of Malacca was from. Pantun during Malacca era was featured in the most important Malay literary text, the Malay Annals and is regarded as a high art and has been the integral part of classical Malay literature. It also thrived as a natural part in the daily communication of traditional Malay society and served as the important expressive tool in Malay songs, rituals, performing arts and in all form of storytelling.

The pantun originated as a traditional oral form of expression, manifesting the traditional Malay views of life and their surroundings, and utilized to express an endless range of emotions and ideas. As a symbol of Malay identity, pantuns are known to be the reflections of adat ('customs) and adab ('manners'). As Malay culture emphasised the importance of polite and indirect expressions, pantuns are generally created in styles portraying various forms of figurative language.[40] Elements of metaphors, similes, symbols, personifications, eponyms, allusions, idioms and proverbs are abound in the elegantly compacted Malay pantuns.[41]

In Malay culture, pantun is an important instrument of communication in various social, cultural, and economic activities. It is used traditionally to express feelings, to give advice, to exchange quizzes, and also to sweeten conversations. For example, pantuns are used in the customary verbal exchange in a Malay wedding (or engagement) ceremony, especially as part of the culturally sanctioned greetings between the representatives of the bridegroom and the bride upon their arrival at the bride house.[42] As an expressive tool, pantuns are also used extensively in the lyrics of traditional Malay songs[43] that tuned to the popular rhythms like Zapin,[44] Inang and Joget.[45] Other notable application of pantuns can be found as a structural support for art performances like Dondang sayang, Bangsawan, Mak yong, Mek Mulung and Dikir barat.[46] The skill in performing these poems is to recite in a way to suggest a form of singing while at the same time conjure up the ability to engage in quick, witty and subtle dialogue.

Indonesia possesses a wealth of verbal art. A largely nonwritten tradition of reciting expressive, often witty quatrains called pantun is common in most Malay areas throughout the archipelago. Some pantun performances are narrative; the kentrung traditions of central and eastern Java, for instance, use pantun structure (which is called parikan) to recount religious or local historical tales to the accompaniment of a drum,[47] although this appears to be modern adaptations, as writers from the early 20th century like H Overbeck and JJ De Hollander noted that a tradition similar to pantun did not exist in Javanese at that time.[48] Indeed, much of Indonesia's traditional literature forms the foundation of complex mixed-genre performances, such as the Randai of the Minangkabau of western Sumatra, which blends instrumental music, dance, drama, and martial arts in ceremonial settings.[49]

Sometimes a pantun may consist of a series of interwoven quatrains, in which case it is known as a pantun berkait. This follows the abab rhyme scheme with the second and fourth lines of each stanza becoming the first and third lines of the following stanza. Finally, the first and third lines of the first stanza become the second and fourth lines of the last stanza, usually in reverse order so that the first and last lines of the poem are identical. This form of pantun has exercised the most influence on Western literature, in which it is known as the pantoum.

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The types of pantun can be divided into 2 different categories based on the number of lines and the intention of the said pantun.

a)      Number of lines

The shortest pantun consists of two lines better known as the pantun dua kerat in Malay, while the longest pantun, the pantun enam belas kerat have 16 lines.

Example of pantun 2 kerat ( 2- line pantun)

Daun senduduk daun semalu;
Mari duduk janganlah malu.

Example of pantun 4 kerat ( 4-line pantun)

Cempedak di luar pagar,
Tarik galah tolong jolokkan;
Saya budak baharu belajar,
Kalau salah tolong tunjukkan.

b)      Intention or content of the said pantun

It is a refined form of classical Malay literature that is used to convey messages indirectly and politely. As a symbol of Malay identity, pantuns are known to be the reflections of adat ('customs) and adab ('manners'). Pantun is a Malay oral poetic form used to express intricate ideas and emotions. It is used traditionally to express feelings, to give advice, to exchange quizzes, and also to sweeten conversations.

Example of a pantun that is used as an advice

Emas, perak, tembaga, suasa,
Malas bergerak tidak merasa.

Maksud: Orang yang malas berbuat sesuatu tidak akan mengecapi kejayaan yang hakiki. Mereka kekal di takuk lama.

Meaning : Those who are not diligent will never achieve success. This pantun is advising the reader to inculcate a habit of hard work and diligence in order to achieve success.

Example of a  pantun that is used as a quiz

Berwajah cantik berbadan langsing,

Menjadi impian muda dan mudi,

Binatang ini berpinggang ramping,

Kalau menggigit sakitnya tidak terperi,

Jawapan / Answer: semut /ant

This pantun is used as a quiz to ask what animal has a small waist and if bitten the pain in unbearable.

Example of a pantun that is used to express love

Buah jambu di bawah tangga

Buah kelapa di hujung desa

Kasih ibu membawa ke syurga

Kasih bapa sepanjang masa

Maksud/meaning:

Kasih sayang ibu bapa adalah selama-lamanya. Parental love is unconditional.

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As pantun cannot be replicated in physical form, we have decided to make pantun more fun .

So, we decided to build a simple museum called “The World of Pantun”.

The museum is surrounded by a moat. It is filled with water and axolotls. You can go for a boat ride with your friends and you can spawn more boats if you come with your friends.

There are 2 floors in this museum.

Level 1: There are 6 rooms in this level.You will learn everything about pantun by clicking on the NPCs and books.

Level 2: This level built in a maze structure. There are 2 mini games on this level.

Mini game 1: Match the pembayang to the correct maksud.

Mini game 2: Answer the 5 pantun teka-teki correctly.

If you successfully beat the games, then you will be rewarded with:

-          Explosion of fireworks to commemorate your success

-          A spyglass

-          A pair of wings

-          A way to leave the museum

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There are 3 missions to be completed:

Mission 1: to collect 6 letters from each from each room in level 1. The letters will help you to find the correct entrance to mini games 1 and 2. The letters could be found in chest located in each room.

Mission 2: to match the correct ‘pembayang’ to the correct ‘maksud’. What happens if you choose the wrong match? You will either meet a dead end or meet something scarier than a dead end.

Mission 3: to answer 5 pantun teka-teki correctly. Options will be given. The correct answer allows you to proceed to the next question but the wrong answer awaits hazards and deaths.

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We learnt that pantun is an important intangible cultural heritage. Prior to this, we only learnt the examples of pantun in school. From this project, we learnt that:

·         pantun is a beautiful tool to express your ideas

·         pantun uses a lot of figurative languages

·         there are more than just 2-line or 4- line pantun

·         we can make our own pantun once we understood the techniques

·         it is important to protect pantun from extinct because it is a valuable instrument that creates bridges between past, present and future; they make continuity and change the structure of the society with experiences like transition and transcendence.

·         it represents the identity of a community

·         collaborative problem-solving leads to better outcomes as it encourages personal growth, increases job satisfaction, and reduces stress.

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i) Problem : Time constraint

We were very busy with school work, exams as well as other competitions.

Solution: We decided to draw out a timetable to build our world in separate parts so we can combine after we have built our parts.

ii)  Problem: Different views and ideas

We tend to have different ideas and sometimes the ideas could be quite lofty. This caused both of us into disagreements at times.

Solution: We took some time off for some cooling off. Then we sit down together to choose the most suitable ideas for our project.

iii)  Problem: Deciding on the language used

The project allows either English or Bahasa Melayu.

Solution : In the end, we decided to do the world using Bahasa Melayu as pantun is actually a Malay form of poetry and the report and video to be done in English .

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To build intangible cultural heritage in Minecraft is not an easy feat as the intangible cultural heritage that we chose is pantun where one does not see any objects or replicas representing this cultural asset. It’s all words and emotions at play.

To make it more interesting, we incorporated some simple games for the players so that the players are introduced to the concept of pantun and it will help to garner some interest among players.

The build in Minecraft looked better than our plans.

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There are 2 main parts in this project.

Part 1:  “Everything You Need To Know About Pantun”

Part 2: “Mission Pantun Possible”- games incorporated pantun where players need to complete 2 different missions successfully.

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Pantun is a traditional verbal art that expresses ideas and emotions using refined classical Malay literature.

In its most basic form, the pantun consists of a quatrain which employs an abab rhyme scheme.

The traditional Malaysian form is disjunctive: for a 4-line pantun (pantun 4 kerat)-The first two lines (called the pembayang) do not have a straightforward narrative connection with the third and fourth lines (called the maksud), but are connected through rhyming, repeated sounds, or metaphor.

A pantun is traditionally recited according to a fixed rhythm and as a rule of thumb, in order not to deviate from the rhythm, every line should contain between eight and 12 syllables.

Whether it be a mere association of ideas, or of feeling, expressed through assonance or through the faintest nuance of thought, it is nearly always traceable.

The pantun is highly allusive and in order to understand it, readers generally need to know the traditional meaning of the symbols the poem employs.

An example (followed by a translation by Katharine Sim):

Tanam selasih di tengah padang,(a)

Sudah bertangkai diurung semut,(b)

Kita kasih orang tak sayang,(a)

Halai-balai tempurung hanyut.(b)

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a)      Important instrument of communication used in various social , cultural and economic activities in the community especially for religious purposes, arts and customs of the Malay society

b)      As  a tool to communicate and express their feelings and intentions

c)       As a form of entertainment and humour

d)      To educate informally explicitly or implicitly

e)      Used as a diplomatic form of conflict resolution

f)       A gauge of the general view and perspective of the life of the community and their surroundings

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In its most basic form, the pantun consists of a quatrain which employs an abab rhyme scheme.

The pantun must satisfy the following structural format:

a)     The lines of the pantun must rhyme in alternate line position and on the last word, i.e., the last word of Line 1 must rhyme with the last word of Line 3; the last word of Line 2 must rhyme with the last word of Line 4. The rhyme is described as a-b-a-b.

b)    Each line must be made-up of 8 to 12 syllables, the best being 9 or 10. The number of words is immaterial.

The message of the pantun is contained in the second half, i.e. the last two lines. The first two lines simply act as a "lead" or an "indicator" or "prelude" as to what follows. The most important role of this indicator is simply to perform the rhyming function. The first two lines together do make sense in themselves but have no relationship in meaning to the second half.

Your pantun can be in any number of stanzas, but a general outline for a four-stanza pantun follows:

Stanza 1: ABAB
1 First line (A)
2 Second line (B)
3 Third line rhymes with first (A)
4 Fourth line rhymes with second (B)

Stanza 2: BCBC
5 Repeat the second line (B)
6 Sixth line (C)
7 Repeat the fourth line (B)
8 Eighth line rhymes with sixth (C)

Stanza 3: CDCD
9 Repeat the sixth line (C)
10 Tenth line (D)
11 Repeat the eighth line (C)
12 Twelfth line rhymes with the tenth (D)

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Pantun is a fragile , intangible cultural heritage that should be preserved in the face of growing globalization.
Pantun  has been used as an instrument to communicate ideas and perspectives in a more beautiful and polite way. It has been used and still in use in many formal and informal functions across the community in Malaysia as well as Indonesia.

Pantun is passed down to many generations through process, phrases, know-how, and abilities- that include associated objects and cultural spaces - that people distinguish as component of their cultural heritage. Safeguarding intangible cultural heritage is a valuable source of the economy. Safeguarding activities must therefore always involve the society, people and, where appropriate, individuals that bear such heritage.

The global wealth of traditions is the principal motivation for travel, with tourists seeking to find out about new cultures and to experience the global difference of performing arts, handcrafts, rituals and cuisines.

The cultural cooperation stimulates by such meeting prompts discussion, builds understanding and encourage tolerance and peace. Persons who realize these values, everywhere in the world have their own way for spreading their knowledge and skills, for the most of the times relies on word of mouth rather than written texts.

In conclusion, the intangible cultural heritages create bridges between past, present and future; they make continuity and change the structure of the society with experiences like transition and transcendence.

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We started by introducing ourselves in pantun form:

Mencari timba si anak dara

Di bawah sarang burung tempua

Salam sembah pembuka bicara

Selamat datang untuk semua

Meminta daun diberi daun

Dalam daun ada buah bidara

Meminta pantun diberi pantun

Dalam pantun kita bicara

Pergi bergaya  di Jaya Jusco

Jenama baju menjadi keluhan

Antara budaya tidak ketara UNESCO

Pantun Melayu menjadi pilihan

Pokok di dusun bergoyang-goyang

Jatuh durian banyak duri

Tidak kenal maka tidak sayang

Izinkan kami perkenalkan diri

Bersama bapa membeli duku

Pesan ibu belilah itu aje

Salam mesra, teman baruku

Perkenalkan daku Pang Ming Zhe

Kayuh basikal di pagi hari

Ke pekan membeli tembikai

Salam Perpaduan, Salam Madani

Perkenalkan ku pula Pang Ming Kai

Gadis cantik kita terpesona

Bagai bulan menggapai bintang

Kami pelajar SMJK Tinggi Cina

Dari bumi Melaka kami datang

Hujung minggu bersuka-ria

Bermandi-manda di air terjun

Kami satu kumpulan bertiga

Ahli ketiga gerangannya June

Marilah kita bermain boneka

Janganlah saudara berasa gundah

Acara bermula tirai dibuka

Dengan binaan Minecraft yang indah

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Hi. We are Pang Ming Zhe and Pang Ming Kai. We are Pang Ming Zhe, 16 years old and Pang Ming Kai, 14 years old from Sekolah Menengah Tinggi Cina, Melaka. We started planning this project somewhere in August 2023 before our examinations. We were only able to execute our plans after the school mid-year examinations. Both of us enjoy playing Minecrafts but we hardly play together as we both have different views and strategies on how to win in the game. This is our first time working together to come out with a project – Intangible Cultural Heritage. It is of course without any hiccups. We did it together with our mom who knows little of Minecraft.

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Welcome to "The World of Pantun" museum

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The entrance to the museum. You just need to step on the plates and it will open automatically.

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Part 1: Everything You Need To Know About Pantun

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Part 1: Everything You Need To Know About Pantun

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In the first part, you will be introduced to pantun.

As you entered the museum, you will be greeted by 2 NPCs. One of the NPC will explain to you what a pantun is. If you prefer to read, then you can flip the book next to the NPC. The second NPC will tell you the first mission.

The first mission is to locate letters from each room. There are 6 rooms in level 1. Therefore, the player needs to go to every room to search for the letters.

Room 1:  Pengenalan

Room 2: Jenis-jenis pantun

Room 3: Ciri-ciri pantun

Room 4: Kepentingan pantun

Room 5: Panduan membina pantun

Room 6: Kesimpulan

The player could open the book to know more about the particular section or they can just click on the NPC found in the room.

In the last room, the player will be given a hint on how to go upstairs to play the mini games. The player would need to find a secret door leading them upstairs.

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After the player has collected the 6 letters, they will look for the secret door leading them to level 2.

In level 2, the player needs to choose the correct formation of letters which form the word PANTUN to enable them to enter to mini game 1.

If they choose the correct entrance, they will push the lever to open the door. If the choose wrongly, then they will be shot by arrows.

Once they have entered mini game 1 section, they will need to click on the NPC .  The NPC will ask the player to match the correct pembayang to the correct maksud. If the player choose the wrong match then the player will either meet a dead end or something scarier than a dead end….a monster.

Once the player has completed mini games 1,then they will proceed to mini games 2.

In mini games 2, the player will be asked to answer 5 pantun teka-teki. Each question will be given 2 answer options. If the player chose the correct answer, the player will proceed to the next question. But if the player  chose the wrong answer, then many hazards await for the failure such as being drowned, shot by arrows  and being attacked by other hazards. Players can die from such attacks. Luckily,they will be able to be respawned.

Once they have successfully answered all questions correctly, fireworks will explode and  they will finally get their rewards ; a spyglass and a pair of wings. They can use the spyglass to view ‘I love pantun’through the glass wall. They can also leave the room by looking for a lever to escape the room.

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A museum surrounded by a moat. You can go boating with your friends. There are axolotl in the water.

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There are 6 rooms in level 1. These are the first 2 NPCs . You can look for the information by clicking the NPC or the book. The second NPC will give you the mission of the day.

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NPC explaining about the introduction of pantun.

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YOu can click on the book for more information.

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NPC and chest.

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NPC gives you mission of the day. To look for letter from the chest.

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The letter P can be found in the first chest.

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Next, proceed to the next room; Room 2 : Jenis-jenis pantun

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There are 2 categories of pantun; mengikut kerat( based on the number of lines) and mengikut kandungan(based on the intention of the pantun).

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A book on pantun enam kerat. You can click on other books for other number of lines of pantun.

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This is another category of pantun; mengikut kandungan. This is based on the intention of the said pantun. This is an example of pantun that gives advice.

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The third room; kepentingan pantun. The importance of pantun.

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Click on the librarian to learn more.

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Room 4: Ciri-ciri pantun.
A gentle reminder: Do remember to look for all the letters from the chest found in every room.

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Room 5: Panduan membina pantun.
You can learn how to compose pantun by clicking the books in this room.

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Room 6: The last room- Kesimpulan.
Click the NPC to get the hint to the secret door.

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After the secret door. The stairs that will lead you to level 2.

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The first hurdle; arrange the letters found in the correct word formation.
Answer: PANTUN
Choose correct door.

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Choose the correct door to enter mini game 1.

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Hit the lever for the correct door.
Correct door, proceed to mini game 1.
Wrong door, arrows will be shot .

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Mini game 1: Match the correct 'pembayang' to the correct 'maksud'. You can choose to go to the right of left,

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Wrong choice of answer. Dead end.

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or you may meet something scarier.

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You have succeeded by matching 5 correct pantuns.

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Mini game 2: You will need to answer 5 pantun teka-teki.

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A question will be given. You will need to choose the correct answer.

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There are 2 doors. Hit the correct lever for the correct answer.

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If you hit the wrong lever, different kinds of punishments await that can cause death.

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Proceed to the next room if you chose the correct door.

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Once you have completed the mission, you will be greeted with an explosion of fireworks.

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You will be rewarded with elytra.
There is a sign to show that you can escape the room.

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You can use the spy glass to see a 3D illusion of I love Pantun through the glass wall.