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My definition of health is the way an individual respects themselves. Taking the time to look after your self care and providing yourself with positive reinforcements. Being in a positive environment and cutting out any negativity. This is not only being illness free but looking after your mental, social and physical wellbeing has a massive impact.

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Christmas in England is traditionally celebrated indoors with loved ones, gathered around a wood fire, while the snow is falling with a home cooked Christmas dinner. I call Christmas in England a Winter Christmas, as here in Perth it's a Summers day spent outside by the pool.

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England is commonly known for "Pub" Food such as fish and chips, Sunday roast, bangers and mash and shepherds pie.

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Health Problems that Migrant/Refugees face in Australia 

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Health Problems that Migrant/Refugees face in Australia 

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Migrant and Refugees face many problems in Australia, such as mental health, language barriers, and safety concerns. People forced to leave their home country and being taken in by another can be scary to one. They deal with the struggle of feeling safe, finding a suitable home, job and regaining their everyday lifestyle. Australia has accepted thousands of Refugees and Migrants from many countries. In the late 1970s Australia accepted Afghanistan Refugees, due to the Soviet Afghanistan war (Afghan Culture, 2023). Ever since Australia still provides safety and shelter for those Afghanistan's seeking help.

Common health concerns for Refugees/ Migrants are:

Mental Health
Mental Health is ones emotional, physical and mental wellbeing, many Refugees suffer with this due to past trauma. Seeking support is so important when struggling with your mental health, one resource to gain support is Beyond Blue. This is a government based website that provides support to anyone in need (Beyond Blue, 2022).

Immunisations
Immunisations are recommended for all Refugees/ Migrants coming into Australia, to protect all Australians and Refugees themselves from diseases and viruses. Vaccines are provided at health providers to all patients (Refugee Health, n.d.).

Malaria
Malaria is a disease cause by the bite of an infected mosquito, 75% of malaria infections in Australia is caused by Migrants/Refugees from other countries. Refugees and Migrants now have to take the Malaria screening before leaving their country. This is to ensure the safety of all people. Anyone who suffers with symptoms arriving into Australia will be tested and treated (Refugee Health, n.d.).

https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/afghan-culture/afghan-culture-afghans-in-australia
https://www.beyondblue.org.au
https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/immunisation/
https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/malaria/

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English scones are a widely popular treat, they can be sweet or savoury. This food is commonly served with cream and berries. They make a great breakfast, snack after a meal or served with some morning tea.

Ingredients

All-purpose flour 2 cups

Sugar 2 Tbsp

Baking powder 4 tsp

Salt ½ tsp

Cold butter 3 Tbsp

Milk ⅔ c

1 egg yolk beaten with 1 Tbsp milk, (to glaze)

Jam, (to serve)

Clotted cream at room temp to serve.

Recipe
To begin preheat your oven to 220c. Add the sugar, flour, salt, baking powder, and butter into a bowl. Using clean hands, Rub mixture together, until the mixture feels like breadcrumbs. Gradually pour the milk in, until your dough is smooth with no lumps. (Your dough should feel quite sticky). Flour a clean, flat surface then place the dough onto the flour. Sprinkle flour on the top of the dough. Coat with extra flour by kneading the dough 2-3 times. Press the dough into circular shapes that is roughly 1 inch thick. Flour a cookie cutter and cut the dough into 5cm circular shapes. (Be sure to press the cookie cutter straight down and up.)  Place the circular doughs onto a greased and floured baking sheet. Brush them gently with the egg yolk and milk mixture. Bake for 12 minutes in oven until golden, baking time may vary on oven. Once baked cool scones for 30 minutes.

Nutritional Information:

Yield: 10

Serving Size: 1 scone
Amount Per Serving: Calories: 71

citation for recipe above: https://www.curiouscuisiniere.com/british-scones/

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Education
Education has a huge impact on Refugees/Migrants in Australia as it provides students with learning skills, knowledge, social skills and can impact their future by providing them with jobs suitable to their career (Refugee Council of Australia, 2022).

Early Childhood Development
Early childhood development is so important for children to learn the basics in life, learn about the environment they live in and appropriately interact with peers (International Journal of Child and Education Policy, 2023). Early childhood development is important for children as it provides them with a stronger start in their upcoming studies and benefits them in following their desired career pathway.

Unemployment and Job Insecurity
Unemployment and job insecurity affects Migrants and Refugees as it limits their financial situation and affects their ability to grow as a person which can cause mental health problems (Refugee Council of Australia, 2022).

https://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/education-info/
https://ijccep.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40723-023-00109-4#:~:text=In%20low%2Dresource%20contexts%20and,protection%20(UNESCO%2C%202010).
https://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/jobactive-report/

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The Big Ben Tower, an attraction known in the UK. The Big Ben is the largest clock in the world.

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The UK is commonly known for the Royal Family, they are located in Buckingham palace, London. Many people look up The Royal family as they are role models to world, they encourage people to follow their dreams. Demonstrating positive behaviour and setting good examples to encourage the public to also do so.

https://www.royal.uk

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The Competency standard I found connected the most is Dignity and Respect towards Migrant and Refugees (Competency Standards Framework for Clinicians, 2019). I have done my reading and now have a better understanding as to why Dignity and Respect is so important. After learning more into this topic I now feel I can provide my future patients with the respect they deserve, treating them with dignity shows respect and compassion. I will use my knowledge of this topic in the future to all cultures to provide them with better care and to ensure they feel respected at all times.

https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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Football also know as "soccer" to some, is a popular sport in England. In 1966 England won the World Cup against Germany (World Cup 1966, n.d.). People use sports as a way of distraction from the issues that one might be facing in life. Participating in any type of sport improves your physical health, it also has positives impacts on your mental health.

https://www.footballhistory.org/world-cup/1966-england.html