# data[].attributes.body
1.      Absorption

2.      Distribution

3.      Metabolism

4.      Elimination

5.      Dosing and development

# data[].attributes.body
The junior version has a green barrel
The adult version a yellow barrel
More information available on how to use :
www.epipen.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Note: this maybe what you need to consider???

# data[].attributes.body
What factors may result in impaired medication effects in these patients?

# data[].attributes.headline
What are you going to give Noah right now for his dyspnoea??

# data[].attributes.subject
What are you going to give Noah right now for his dyspnoea??

# data[].attributes.body
Nystatin
CLASS: Anti-infectives/Anti-fungals - polyene

MOA: It binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes altering their permeability and allowing leakage of intracellular components.

Indications for use:
- Oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush)
- Treatment and suppression of intestinal candidiasis
- Vulvovaginal candidiasis

Drug interactions:
- May change how your medications work or increase risk of serious side effects

Signs & Symptoms:
- GIT - nausea, vomiting & diarrhoea

Nursing considerations to prevent, assess or manage risks:
- For a oropharyngeal infection - use oral liquid after a meal or drink. Swish the liquid around the mouth for as long as comfortable before swallowing.
- Education - Continue to use for several days even after your symptoms disappear.

Practice points:
- oral liquid is effective in the Tx for minor oral fungal infections
- Tx with oral itraconazole or fluconazole is often required in immunocompromised people - such as those with HIV

# data[].attributes.body
Ipratropium:

CLASS: Anticholinergics

MOA: Promote bronchodilation by inhibiting cholinergic bronchomotor tone and prevent muscarinic actions of acetylcholine.

Indications for use: Symptom relief of asthma and COPD.

Drug interactions:
- Avoid using with any other anticholinergic drugs.
- The risk or severity of reduced gastrointestinal motility can be increased when Pramlintide is combined with Ipratropium.

Signs & Symptoms:
Headache
Nausea
Taste disturbance
Dry mouth
Throat irritation.

Nursing considerations to prevent, assess or manage risks:
- Do not allow the powder or mist to come into contact with your eyes/Contact a doctor if there is any eye discomfort or impacted vision.
- Long-acting anticholinergics: do not use for immediate relief of symptoms.
- Not recommended for long-term use.

# data[].attributes.body
Prednisolone
CLASS:
MOA:
Indications for use:
Drug interactions:
Signs & Symptoms:
Nursing considerations to prevent, assess or manage risks:

# data[].attributes.body
Seretide
CLASS:  Corticosteroid -        Inhaled (ICS)

MOA:
-        Enters the cell
-        Enters the nucleus of the cell
-        Increases or decreases the synthesis of specific proteins including those in enzymes that regulate cell inflammation.

Indications for use: asthma and COPD in people who need regular treatment

Drug interactions:
- avoid using with high-dose aspirin
- avoid using with NSAIDs
- avoid using with warfarin

Signs & Symptoms:  Dysphonia, oral pharyngeal candiasis, bruising
Nursing considerations to prevent, assess or manage risks:
- Monitor obs regularly
- Perform a physical examination to establish baseline data for assessing the effectiveness of the drug and the occurrence of any adverse effects associated with drug therapy.
- COPD—inhaled corticosteroids may increase the risk of pneumonia.
- Smoking—asthma patients who smoke may respond less well to inhaled corticosteroids than non-smokers and may require higher doses.
- Cover eyes during nebulisation and was face afterwards. If possible use mouthpiece rather than mask to reduce risk of facial irritation. rinse mouth after use.

# data[].attributes.body
Salbutamol
CLASS: Beta2 Agonist (short acting)
MOA: relax bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta2 adrenoreceptors
Indications for use: Asthma and COPD
prevention of exercise induce bronchocconstriction
Drug interactions: Serious hypokalaemia may occur with high doses of beta₂ agonists; may be worsened by theophyllines, corticosteroids, diuretics and hypoxia.
Signs & Symptoms: tremor, palpitations, headache (Salbutamol toxicity)
Nursing considerations to prevent, assess or manage risks:
Cardiovascular disorders-risk of adverse effects, check inhaler/spacer techniques to insure being used correctly,  review management of asthma if high or increasing use of SABAs can indicate poor asthma management
Diabetes- monitor BGL risk of hyperglycemia .

# data[].attributes.body
Note: Always consider:
Is there anything in the patient's condition/ past history that may increase the risks?

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
What would they be for this medication chart?

# data[].attributes.headline
Significant risks / drug-drug interactions???

# data[].attributes.subject
Significant risks / drug-drug interactions???

# data[].attributes.body
How / why does it occur?
What are they and what signs and symptoms would we see?
What do we as nurses do;
- prevent and/ or manage these?

# data[].attributes.body
Epipen
CLASS: Alpha and Beta adrenergic agonists
MOA:

Acts on alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors.

The strongest alpha receptor activator

Induces:

Increased vascular smooth muscle contraction

Pupillary dilator muscle contraction

Intestinal sphincter muscle contraction

Increased heart rate

Myocardial contractility

Renin release via beta-1 receptors

Indications for use: Anaphylaxis, allergic reaction, restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest, also used as an haemostatic agent.
Drug interactions:
albuterol, levothyroxine, metformin, seretide
Signs & Symptoms: breathing problems, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, headache, fast irregular or pounding heartbeats, weakness or tremors, pale skin, sweating
for DM patient- it can worsen the symptoms for short time

Nursing considerations to prevent, assess or manage risks:
-Monitor HR, cardiac rhythm and RR and urine output
-position to upright
-educate patient

# data[].attributes.headline
Compare and contrast the mode of action of the drug classes

# data[].attributes.subject
Compare and contrast the mode of action of the drug classes

# data[].attributes.body
Did you find a simpler way to describe them?
Could you say in your own words what they are?
Did you need to go and look them up again? Do you need to rethink your explanation into your own words?