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Reflects Rizal’s more mature judgment on political and social realities and its graver and less hopeful tone reflects the failures and discouragement he had met in his efforts to lead the path to reform

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The book itself predates the Philippine Revolution of 1896 by almost ten years, meaning that its rejection of Spanish oppression was groundbreaking and unprecedented in Filipino society.

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In the rizal novels, The noli me tangere and el filibusterismo” Rizal presented in full context about the abuses and injustices committed by the spanish colonial authorities and their allies. Characters such as padre damaso and the guardia civil symbolize oppressive colonial authorities that abused filipinos.

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El Filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed)

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Noli me tangere (Touch Me Not!)

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Religious and Social Critiques in Rizal's Novels