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Modern-day Louisiana, Mississipi, Alabama, Tennesse, Georgia, Florida, and North/South Carolina.

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The Plains Indians inhabited across the center of the modern-day United States from Montana and Dakota down to New Mexico and Texas.

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Great plain area
-Grassland

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The Great Plains have a continental climate as it had both summer and winter. The area is low in precipation and humity creating a dry atmosphere.

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Unique region

Upper part
-Hills
-River valleys
-Plateaus
Lower part
-Swamps
-Wetlands

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The Southeast region climate is humid and hot, receiving sufficient amount of rain.
During the winter, the climate is mild.

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The Artic indigenous people inhabited the modern-day Finland, Sweden, Norway,  Russia, Iceland, Denmark, Alaska, and Canada.

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Modern-day
Quebec
Ohio River Valley
North Carolina Coast

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Mountain region
-Hills
-Peaks
-Forests
-Waterways

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Tribes of Plateau lived around the Columbia and Fraser River basins at the intersection of the Subarctic, the Plains, the Great Basin, California and the Northwest Coast. These days, these regions are called Idaho, Montana and eastern Oregon and Washington.

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Along the Pacific coast from British Columbia to the top of Northern California

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Similar to the current California

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An expansive bowl formed by the Rocky Mountains to the east, the Sierra Nevadas to the west, the Columbia Plateau to the north, and the Colorado Plateau to the south

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The Plateau Native American tribes inhabit the Columbia Plateau, a distinctive geographical region located in the northwestern United States. The Columbia Plateau is characterized by a combination of river valleys, rolling hills, mountains, and high desert terrain.

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There were both ocean and rivers ,which provided almost everything its people needed, such as salmon, whales, sea otters, seals and fish. Also, land was suitable to farming due to its climate.

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It is the most geographically diverse state. The Sierra Nevada, the fertile farmlands of the Central Valley, and the arid Mojave Desert of the south are some of the major geographic features of this U.S.

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The climate of the Plateau is the continental type. Very cold in winter, but also very hot in summer. Precipitation is generally low and forms a snow cover during the winter, particularly at higher altitudes.

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Temperate oceanic, where cool temperatures and frequent cloudy skies are typical: both moderate and four seasons, but mountainous and arid high desert climates occupy the sparsely populated areas east of the Cascades.

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Mostly, it was temperate. It can be judged by its marine to warm Mediterranean climates along the coast, to Continental Mediterranean Climate in the valley to alpine climate zones in the high mountains.

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Southern Plateau region
(spoke languages derived from the  Penutian)
- the Klamath
- Klikitat
- Modoc
- Nez Perce
- Walla Walla
- Yakima(Yakama)

North of the Columbia River
(spoke Salishan dialects)
- the Skitswish (Coeur d’Alene)
- Salish (Flathead)
- Spokane
- Columbia

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the Athapaskan Haida and Tlingit
the Penutian Chinook, Tsimshian & Coos
the Wakashan Kwakiutl & Nootka
the Salishan Coast Salish.

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100 different tribes

the Penutian (the Maidu, Miwok and Yokuts)
the Hokan (the Chumash, Pomo, Salinas and Shasta)
the Uto-Aztecan (the Tubabulabal, Serrano and Kinatemuk)
the Athapaskan (the Hupa, among others)

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Most of its people lived in small, peaceful villages along streams and riverbanks and survived by fishing for salmon and trout, hunting and gathering wild berries, roots and nuts.

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Since they were surrounded by a substantial amount of natural resources in ocean, river, and forest, unlike many other hunter-gatherers, the Indians of the Pacific Northwest were secure enough to build permanent villages that housed hundreds of people apiece.

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They organized themselves into small, family-based bands of hunter-gatherers known as tribelets, instead of practicing agriculture in a great place for farming.

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Longhouses

Some Plateau tribes built longhouses, similar to those of their neighboring Coast Salish tribes. These rectangular communal dwellings were made from wooden posts and covered with mats and bark. Longhouses were often used for winter gatherings and ceremonies, and they could house multiple families.

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Plankhouses are Native American homes used by tribes of the Northwest Coast (from northern California all the way up to Alaska.) Plank houses are made of long, flat planks of cedar wood lashed to a wooden frame. Native American plank houses look rather similar to old European houses, but the Indians didn't learn to build them from Europeans— this style of house was used on the Northwest Coast long before Europeans arrived.

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A type of bulrush, the tule plant, was a vital resource for many California tribes. They used tule to construct various types of dwellings. Tule houses were typically cone-shaped or dome-shaped structures formed by bending and weaving tule reeds together. These structures were often used by tribes that lived near marshes, lakes, or rivers, where tule was abundant.

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1. Finshing tools: Plateau Native American tribes, who often relied on fishing as a significant food source due to the presence of rivers and streams in their region, developed various fishing tools and techniques to efficiently catch fish. These tools were designed to make the fishing process more effective and to maximize their catch.

2. Also, The Plateau is notable for the wide variety of materials and technologies used by its many kinds of peoples. Plateau Indians were continuously exposed to new items and ideas through trade with surrounding cultural areas such as the Plains, the Great Basin, the Northwest Coast, and California. They exceeded at adapting others’ technologies to their own purposes. For example, after adopting the use of the horse, some tribes became well respected for their breeding programs and fine herds.

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1. The potlatch (from the Chinook word Patshatl) is a ceremony integral to the governing structure, culture and spiritual traditions of various First Nations living on the Northwest Coast and in parts of the interior western subarctic. It primarily functions to redistribute wealth, confer status and rank upon individuals, kin groups and clans, and to establish claims to names, powers and rights to hunting and fishing territories.

2. Raven’s Tail and Chilkat are two forms of textile weaving practiced by Haida, Tlingit and Tsimshian artists. Though both forms of weaving use textiles, their designs and styles are very different. The designs of the Raven’s Tail are geometric. This is achieved by weaving top to bottom in individual rows, left to right; each horizontal row contributes to the final geometric design. In contrast, Chilkat weaving is completed by combining small, individual design areas, making the end result appear to be woven in curvilinear formline. The designs for each section of the pattern are replicated from unique pattern boards.

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1. Californian tribes are known for making some of the finest baskets in North America. Baskets were woven so tightly they could hold the smallest seeds and even water.
2. Since there were so many kinds of people living there, language the people used were also diverse. In fact, there were ten different linguistic families with at least 78 distinct languages. No other parts of America continent had this much of diversity.

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Barren wasteland of deserts, salt flats and brackish lakes.

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It is the only cold desert in United States.

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The Bannock, the Paiute and the Ute. They spoke Shoshonean or Uto-Aztecan dialects.

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Tribes foraged for roots, seeds and nuts and hunted snakes, lizards and small mammals.

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They were always on the move, so they lived in compact 'wikiups' made of willow poles or saplings, leaves and brush. Their settlements and social groups were impermanent.

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1. The Great Basin tribes developed languages and communication tools, such as smoke signals, drumming, and signaling devices in order to communicate across long distances and convey important messages.
2. In colder regions, tribes made snowshoes with branches. Snowshoed allowed them to travel on snowy terrain with greater ease. They also developed tools and techniques for winter hunting and survival.

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Present-day Arizona and New Mexico.
Also includes parts of Colorado, Utah, Texas and Mexico.

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A huge desert region
- mountains
- mesas
- canyons

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The Subartic indigenous people inhabited the modern-day coast's of the ocean and sea from Siberia, Alaska, and Canada.

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The Plains tribes include the Arapaho, Assiniboine, Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Gros Ventre, Kiowa, and much more.

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-Cold winter
-Warm summer

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There were more than 20 tribes inhabiting the extensive Southeast region. The most well-known tribes are Chickasaw, Creek, and Cherokee.

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Just like other desert regions, this region has a low annual rainfall and seasonally high temperatures. Simply, it is mostly ARID.

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-Coastal Plains
-Large icy land
-Mountains
-Forests

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-Large icy areas of land
-Many trees(forest) covered in snow
-Near the coastline

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- There were Sedentary farmers such as the Hopi, the Zuni, and the Yaqui.
- Also, there were hunter-gatherer groups, such as the Navajo and the Apache.

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-Long winter(extreme coldness)
-Short cool summer

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The Hopi, the Zuni, and the Yaqui were sedentary farmers, so they grew crops. (Corns, beans, and squash)
Whereas, the Navajo and the Apache, nomadic hunter-gatherers, survived by hunting and gathering, or raided their neighbors in order to get supplies.

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The indigenous people of the Subartic were divided into two groups which were the Dene and Algonquian.

Dene nation: Tlicho, Chipewyan, and Gwich'in
Algonquian nation: Ojibwe, Cree, and Innu

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Sedentary farmers lived in permanent settlements known as pueblos. Houses resembled apartment houses and were built of stone and adobe. Since the residents lived in a region where most of the part is a desert, they did not have many materials, so they did not have many choices. Also, stone and adobe lowered the temperature inside the house, so it was the best choice.

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The Subartic people obtained food by hunting and fishing and their mainly ate mammals, fish, and birds but they also relied on plants like berries, roots, and sap.

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We can see that they used their technological knowledge efficiently in their house 

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Type of Housing (include picture & explain why created such housing) 

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Type of Housing (include picture & explain why created such housing) 

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The Subartic people inhabited in many different types of houses with materials they found area. They lived in igloos, pit houses, tepees, huts, and wigwams because they could be built easily. The majority of Subartic people were nomadic so they lived in houses that were built easily.

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1. Pottery: Native tribes(Hopi and Zuni) have a long history of pottery-making. They developed unique styles and techniques for creating beautiful, decorative pottery. Designs often incorporated complex patterns and vivid colors.

2. Kachina Dolls: Kachinas are spiritual beings in Pueblo Indian religions. They interact with humans, with each Pueblo culture having its own version. These spirits are believed to stay with the tribe for half a year and appear during rituals when men wear kachina masks. These masks represent the spirits, believed to briefly inhabit the wearers.

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1. The Subartic Indians were able to utilize technology efficiently such as insulation in houses, snowshoes, and toboggans to cope with the harsh winters.
2. Even thought the Subartic Indians had a pretty diverse diet system, they had to go through starvation quiet often due to the fact of the harsh geographical and climatal features.

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Iroquois confederacy(largest): Mohawk, Oneida, Onandaga, Cayuga, and Seneca

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-Extremely cold Tundra climate
Severe winter weather with frigid temperatures. In some regions of Siberia, average January temperatures are lower than -40 °C (-40 °F). In the summer, the long days of sunshine thaw the top layer of frozen ground and bring average temperatures above 10 °C (50 °F).

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The Native Americans of the Southeast mainly did hunting and fishing.
The people used bows and arrows to hunt deers and used traps to fish clams, mussels, and other saltwater fish.

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The Plains tribed obtained food by hunting with bows and arrows. They also gathered food from the wild.
The types of food they consumed were large mammals, fruits, and vegetables.
-Bison
-Deer
-Elk
-Corn
-Squash
-Chokecherry

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Men would hunt or fish animals like deer, salmon, and collect shellfish as rivers were located nearby.
Women would gather and grow crops like berries, corn, squash, beans, pumpkins, and gourds.

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The major tribes were the Inuit, Yupik, and Aleut, all being known as Eskimos.

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The main types of housing Southeast tribes used were Wattles and Daubs. Because the Southeast tribes didn't move very often, they preferred permanent houses.
Furthermore, the rainy weather was another reason to Wattles and Daubs as they were waterproof.

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The Plains Indians would move very often so they built Teepees which were made from poles and animal skin. Teepees also provided both coolness and warmness.

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The type of housing Northeastern Indians dwelled in were longhouses made from woven mats and birchbark as they didn't live a nomadic lifestyle.

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The Ekismos obtained food by fishing through holes in ice and hunting animals with harpoons.
Sea lions, seals, walruses, muskrats, minks, caribous, and deer were the main diet for the Artic Native Americans.

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1. The Northeastern tribes believed in Animism which means everything has a soul or spirit so many tribes would have their own sacred objects.
2. The Northeastern tribe's rituals were mainly focused on the recognition of food. The people would celebrate maple, strawberry, bean, and green corn during festivals.

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The main type of housing Artic people built was an Igloo. Igloos were built because they were temporary as the people would move to places with ice fields in order to hunt animals like seals.

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1. Because it was easy to get lost in the snowy areas, the Artics Indians marked paths with stones called Inuksuk.

2. The Artic Indians used dogsleds called Qamutik in order to travel long harsh landscapes. Furthermore, the people selectively bred strong sled dogs with wolves and dogs so they could pull the sleds easily. Those dogs are known as Huskies

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1. The Southeast tribes are linguistically diverse. The tribes can speak Muskogean, Siouan, Iroquoian, and Caddoan.

2. The Southeastern tribes also believed in Animism meaning that everything has spirituality to it. When people would hunt for deer, they thought the deer chief would seek revenge on them so it later became a sacred act.

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1. Some tribes of the Plains region would raid other tribes by stealing horses and goods.

2. The horses were brought by the Spanish during the 1500s creating a huge impact on the Plains tribe's culuture, economy, and lifestyle.