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Postmodernism literature is a genre of literature that is characterised by metafiction, intertexutality, fragmentation and unreliable narratives. The novel displays sings of neglegence to the idea of absolute meaning and it embraces disorder and uncertainty.

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Is used to draw attention to a work's status as a deceptive maneuver. Is designed to deceive or mislead deliberately. The novel atonement is characterised by
- Blurred lines between fiction and reality
-Story examines the elements of fiction itself
-And it rejects the conventional plot.

The novel Atonement tells us about about a character who created her own play.
"At the age of 11 she wrote her first stort-a foolish affair, imitative of half a dozen folk tales and ..." (McEwen, 2002:3).

This novel contains another work of fiction within itself.
"The truth had become as ghostly as intervention. She could begin now, setting it down as she has seen it" (McEwan, 2002:31).

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It consists of various elements, concerning the plot, characters, themes and factual reference are fragmented throughout the entire work.

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Is a reference or parallel to another literary work, an extended discussion of the work in style. It demonstrates the belief that individual works are not isolated creations and that there is a relationship between the text.

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Is a term that is used to describe a literary device in which a work draws attention to itself, like a work of imagination.