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The Mississippi River was essential for travel and trade during the Civil War. The Union took control of the river after the Battle of Vicksburg, cutting the South in two. It benefited people because, the goods move across the country for many years.

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Kentucky was a border state during the Civil War, important to both the Union and the Confederacy. Abraham Lincoln stated, "I hope to have God on my side, but I must have Kentucky," stating its significance. The state saw key battles such as Perryville, which helped the Union maintain control over Kentucky.

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Tennessee is a place where major Civil War battles occurred, including Shiloh and Chattanooga, due to its location. The state was divided in loyalty, with East Tennessee largely favoring the Union and Middle and West Tennessee leaning Confederate. It was the last state to secede and the first to be readmitted to the Union after the war.

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Montgomery, Alabama, was the first capital of the Confederate States of America before the government moved to Richmond. This city played a key role in the Civil Rights Movement with the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1955. It was a significant transportation and industrial hub for the Confederacy during the Civil War.

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Chesapeake Bay was a crucial waterway during the American Revolution and the Civil War, providing access to key ports. The bay's control influenced supply lines and naval operations in Maryland and Virginia. The Battle of the Chesapeake in 1781 helped secure the American victory at Yorktown, leading to the end of the Revolutionary War.

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The James River was a major transportation route during the Civil War, especially for the Confederate capital of Richmond. The river played a crucial role in early American history, as the site of the first permanent English settlement in Jamestown in 1607. It was used by Union forces in the Peninsula Campaign as a route in capturing Richmond.

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The Rappahannock River is where major Civil War battles took place, including Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. It served as a natural barrier between Union and Confederate forces in Virginia. The river was crucial for supply routes and military strategies during the war.

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Rappahannock River, Virginia during civil war

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The Potomac River separates Virginia and Maryland and played a key role in Civil War troop movements. Washington, D.C., located along the Potomac, was protected from Confederate advances due to the river's defensive positioning. The river was used for transportation and supply chains during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War.

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The Ohio River was a huge boundary between free and slave states before the Civil War, marking the gateway to the North. It played an important role in trade, migration, and military strategy throughout American history. The river was a crucial route for escaped enslaved people seeking freedom like the Underground Railroad.

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The Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the Civil War, stopping the South’s invasion. It was the bloodiest battle, with over 50,000 soldiers killed or wounded. President Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address here, honoring those who fought.

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Fort Sumter National Monument, South Carolina

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Fort Sumter National Monument, South Carolina

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Fort Sumter National Monument, South Carolina

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Fort Sumter was where the first shots of the Civil War were fired in April 1861. The Confederates attacked the fort, forcing the Union soldiers to surrender. This battle started the four-year-long war between the North and South.

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Fort Sumter National Monument, South Carolina during civil war

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Harper’s Ferry was where John Brown led a raid in 1859 to start a slave rebellion. The town was an important weapons factory during the Civil War. Both the North and South fought to control it because of its key location.

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The First Battle of Bull Run in 1861 was the first big battle of the Civil War. The South won, proving that the war would last a long time. A second battle happened here in 1862, and the Confederates won again.

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The Battle of Vicksburg was a major victory for the North, giving them control of the Mississippi River. The Union surrounded the city for weeks until the Confederates surrendered. This victory helped split the South and weaken their army.

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The Battle of Fredericksburg in 1862 was a big victory for the South. Union soldiers had to cross the Rappahannock River and attack up a hill. The attack failed, and the Union lost many soldiers in the battle.

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The Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 was one of the South’s greatest victories. Confederate General Robert E. Lee used smart tactics to defeat a larger Union army. However, General Stonewall Jackson was shot by mistake by his own men and later died.

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Antietam National Battlefield, East Main Street, Sharpsburg, MD

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The Battle of Antietam in 1862 was the deadliest one-day battle in U.S. history. The North won, stopping General Lee’s first invasion of the North. After this battle, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing enslaved people in the South.

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The Battle of Shiloh in 1862 was one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War. The Union army, led by Ulysses S. Grant, won after two days of heavy fighting. This victory helped the North take control of Tennessee.

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Baltimore was important in the Civil War because it had both Union and Confederate supporters. In 1861, riots broke out when Union troops passed through the city. Baltimore was also where "The Star-Spangled Banner" was written during the War of 1812.

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New Orleans was the biggest city in the South and an important port. The Union captured it in 1862, cutting off supplies to the Confederacy. This victory helped the North gain control of the Mississippi River.

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Chickamauga And Chattanooga National Military Park and Auto tour, Lafayette Road, Fort Oglethorpe, GA

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The Battle of Chickamauga in 1863 was one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War. The South won, but the North later took Chattanooga, an important railroad city. These battles helped the Union prepare for General Sherman’s attack on Georgia.

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Richmond was the capital of the Confederacy during the Civil War. It was a major center for making weapons and supplies for the South. The Union captured Richmond in 1865, leading to the war’s end.

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Savannah was an important Confederate port city during the Civil War. Union General Sherman captured it in 1864 during his "March to the Sea." Instead of destroying the city, he gave it as a "Christmas gift" to President Lincoln.

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Appomattox Court House is where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Grant in 1865. This surrender marked the end of the Civil War. Grant let the Confederate soldiers go home peacefully, helping to reunite the country.

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Washington, D.C., was the capital of the United States and the Union during the Civil War. The city was heavily guarded to protect President Lincoln and the government. Lincoln led the war effort from here and was later assassinated nearby at Ford’s Theatre.

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The Draft Riots occurred in July 1863 in New York City. They were a violent reaction to the Union draft that required men to enlist in the army. Many rioters opposed the draft, viewing it as unfair, because wealthier men could pay for substitutes. The riots lasted several days and resulted in deaths, injuries, and property damage.

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Montgomery was the first capital of the Confederacy from February 1861 until May 1861. It was the location where the Confederacy was formed and where Jefferson Davis was inaugurated as its first president.

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Richmond became the second capital of the Confederacy in May 1861 and remained the capital until the end of the Civil War in April 1865. It was a major industrial center and crucial for the Confederate war effort.

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Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, was from Illinois. His leadership during the Civil War was pivotal in preserving the Union and abolishing slavery.

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Jefferson Davis, the President of the Confederacy, was from Mississippi. He played a key role in the Southern war effort and advocated for states' rights and slavery.