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Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor leads to growing suspicion and prejudice against Japanese Americans on the West Coast. This event becomes the catalyst for future internment policies.

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President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066, authorizing the evacuation of all persons deemed a threat to national security from the West Coast to relocation centers further inland.

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March 1942: Manzanar Construction Begins

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March 1942: Manzanar Construction Begins

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Construction begins on Manzanar War Relocation Center in California's Owens Valley. The 6,200-acre facility would eventually hold more than 10,000 internees.

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March 21, 1942: First Japanese Americans Arrive

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March 21, 1942: First Japanese Americans Arrive

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The first Japanese American internees arrive at Manzanar. Initially designated as a 'reception center,' it becomes a War Relocation Center controlled by the War Relocation Authority (WRA).

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Internees face harsh desert conditions, living in cramped barracks with minimal privacy. Each family is assigned to a 20x25 foot room, regardless of size. Communal bathrooms and mess halls become the norm.

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Despite difficult circumstances, internees establish schools, newspapers, and gardens. The Manzanar Free Press begins publication, and internees create beautiful gardens to improve their surroundings.

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Tensions escalate into the Manzanar Riot, resulting in two deaths and several injuries. The incident highlights the complex dynamics between internees, administration, and different factions within the camp.

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The government administers a controversial loyalty questionnaire to all adult internees, causing division and distress within the community. Questions 27 and 28 particularly create conflict about allegiance.

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Japanese American men are allowed to enlist in the U.S. military. Many from Manzanar join the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, which becomes the most decorated unit of its size in U.S. military history.

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Manzanar closes officially, the sixth of ten camps to be shuttered. Many internees face difficult transitions returning to their former communities, often finding their properties and businesses lost.

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The last internees depart Manzanar. In total, 11,070 Japanese Americans were detained at the camp during its operation. Today, the site stands as a National Historic Site, preserving this crucial piece of American history.