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Found in the Pyrenees, Sierra Nevada, and other mountain ranges, characterized by terraced fields used for growing crops such as wheat, barley, and potatoes, as well as for pastoralism.

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Mediterranean Agriculture is characterized by olive groves, vineyards, and citrus orchards, common in regions like Andalusia, Catalonia, and Valencia.

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Found in areas like Castile and León, Extremadura, and parts of Aragon, featuring large expanses of grasslands used for extensive livestock farming, including sheep and cattle.

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Relies heavily on traditional crops like olives, grapes, almonds, and citrus fruits. The cultivation often employs traditional techniques like terracing and irrigation systems, adapting to the arid Mediterranean climate.

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Coastal regions support a vibrant fishing industry, with catches including tuna, sardines, anchovies, and shellfish. Fishing methods range from small-scale artisanal fishing to larger commercial operations.

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Mediterranean agriculture regions often feature extensive sheep and goat farming, particularly in hills or mountainous areas where arable farming is limited. It provides milk, cheese, and meat products.

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While not the primary activity, some areas maintain forests of pine, oak, and cork oak trees. These forests provide timber, cork, and other forest products, contributing to the local economy.

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The landscape is dotted with picturesque villages and towns characterized by plain white buildings and narrow streets. These type of villages and towns often combine traditional architecture with modern comodations, serving as centers for agricultural activities and tourism.

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A type of agro-silvo-pastoral system found mainly in southwestern Spain, featuring open woodlands with holm oaks and cork oaks, often used for grazing and pig farming.

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Dehesa landscapes are characterized by a unique agro-silvo-pastoral system, where extensive grazing of Iberian pigs, cattle, and sheep coexists with the cultivation of cereals, legumes, and forage crops. Oak woodlands dominate the landscape, providing acorns essential for the famous cured Iberian ham.

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Due to its inland location, fishing activities are minimal in dehesa regions.

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The primary focus is on extensive grazing, with livestock raised in open woodlands. The integration of trees and pastureland supports biodiversity and sustainable livestock production.

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Oak woodlands are the hallmark of dehesa landscapes, providing valuable resources such as cork, firewood, and grazing grounds for livestock.

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Sparse settlements are scattered across the landscape, often centered around small towns and villages. These settlements serve as hubs for local agriculture and livestock production, maintaining traditional architecture and cultural heritage.

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Extensive grazing predominates, with vast grasslands supporting large herds of sheep, goats, and cattle. Limited crop cultivation, mainly cereals like wheat and barley, may occur in more fertile areas.

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Inland location limits fishing activities, although some rivers may support small-scale fishing operations.

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Extensive grazing is the primary agricultural activity, with livestock raised on natural pasturelands. Traditional pastoralism practices are common, with semi-nomadic herding patterns in some regions.

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Sparse forestry exists, with some areas featuring pine forests used for timber production and resin extraction.

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Rural villages and hamlets dot the landscape, often with a few scattered farmsteads. These settlements maintain a strong connection to livestock farming and traditional rural lifestyles.

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Common in regions like Murcia and Almería, where greenhouse farming is prevalent, producing a variety of fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes, peppers, and cucumbers.

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Intensive greenhouse cultivation dominates the landscape, producing a wide range of fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, strawberries, and melons. The region is known for its high yields and year-round production.

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Inland location limits fishing activities, although some areas may have aquaculture operations for fish farming.

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Limited to small-scale operations due to the dominance of greenhouse farming. Some livestock may be raised for local consumption or as a secondary source of income.

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Minimal forestry presence due to the emphasis on agricultural production, although some areas may have small woodlots or forests.

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Modern towns and villages with well-developed infrastructure support agricultural processing and distribution. These settlements often have a mix of traditional and modern architecture, reflecting the region's agricultural prosperity.

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Terrace farming is prevalent in mountainous regions, allowing for the cultivation of crops such as wheat, barley, potatoes, vegetables, and fruits like apples and cherries. Livestock grazing, including sheep, goats, and cattle, is also common.

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Limited fishing activities due to inland location, although some rivers may support trout and other freshwater fish.

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Sheep and goats are common in upland pastures, where they graze on natural vegetation. Cattle are raised in lower valleys, providing milk, cheese, and meat products.

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Mixed forests of pine, oak, and beech cover the mountainsides, providing timber, firewood, and forage for livestock. Sustainable forestry practices are essential for maintaining the ecological balance.

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Unique villages are nestled in valleys or perched on hillsides, often featuring stone-built houses and narrow streets. These settlements have a strong agricultural tradition and may rely on tourism as an extra source of income.