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Family law covers legal issues in family relationships, including marriage, divorce, child custody, support, adoption, and domestic violence protections.

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Civil law governs non-criminal disputes between individuals or organizations, including contracts, property, torts, and family matters, seeking legal resolution and compensation.

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Criminal law addresses actions deemed harmful to society, defining crimes, setting punishments, and ensuring justice through prosecution and defense in court.

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Corporate law regulates the formation, operation, and governance of corporations, addressing issues like shareholder rights, mergers, acquisitions, compliance, and corporate responsibilities.

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International law governs relations between nations, covering treaties, trade, human rights, and conflict resolution to promote global cooperation and legal standards.

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An appeal is a legal process where a higher court reviews a lower court’s decision to correct errors or ensure justice.

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A written statement submitted by a lawyer for each side in a case

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A statement by the lawyers to the jury about what the evidence proves and why their client should win

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A defendant's response to a complaint, where they claim to be entitled to damages or other relief

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A defendant's answer to a criminal charge, such as guilty, not guilty, or no contest

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A judge in the full-time service of the court. Compare to senior judge

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A written or printed statement made under oath.

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The release, prior to trial, of a person accused of a crime, under specified conditions designed to assure that person's appearance in court when required.

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A complete collection of every document filed in court in a case

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A crime punishable by death.

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The offices of a judge and his or her staff.

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A special condition the court imposes that requires an individual to work – without pay – for a civic or nonprofit organization.

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Legal advice; a term also used to refer to the lawyers in a case

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Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case in favor of one side or the other.

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A serious crime, usually punishable by at least one year in prison