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A gene is a section of the DNA that carries he code for making a specific protein.

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Mutations are genetic changes which result in a change in the sequence of base pairs in DNA. These changes can occur due to a variety of factors including exposure to some chemicals and radiation. Mutations can only be inherited if the mutation occurs in a gamete cell.

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Mutations create new alleles such as albinism.

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Alleles are different forms of the genes that create different physical traits.

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Different eye colours are different alleles.

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Meiosis is a special type of cell division that produces male and female "gametes" or sex cells.

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Crossing over and Independent Assortment occur during Meiosis.

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Crossing over occurs during meiosis. Homologous chromosomes pair up and cross over. These crossed over sections are exchanged and therefore alleles. Each gamete produced may have different combinations of alleles.

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Meiosis is a cause of variation because of this process and Independent Assortment.

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When homologous chromosomes line up during meiosis, they do so randomly. This means that it is completely random which combination of alleles end up in a particular gamete.

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Meiosis is a cause of variation because of this process and Crossing Over.

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An organism's phenotype is its observable characteristics.

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An organism's genotype is the set of genes/alleles that it carries. Phenotype is the expression of the Genotype.

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DNA is organised into structures called Chromosomes. 

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Humans has 23 pairs of Chromosomes or 46. They inherit 23 chromosomes from each parent.

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The process that a cell goes through when it divides to form 2 new cells. Produces new cells when damaged cells need replacing. Only occurs in somatic - body - cells.

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The difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations of the same species.

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The creation of offspring from 1 parent that produces identical children.

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Aphids give birth to clones of themselves. Asexually reproduction means aphids can quickly exploit an abundant food source.

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The production of offspring that requires 2 parents and produces similar children. Creates variation.

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The process of identifying the exact order of bases in a strand (or gene) of DNA. Can be used for Genetic Screening.

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The process of sequencing a section of DNA to identify mutations in genes that can cause or increase the risk of a disease such as cancer.

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Can be used to prevent the onset of disease, or to assure their early detection and treatment.

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A technique in which individuals can be identified and compared to others via their genetic markers.

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A gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome.

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Method used to identify species based on the base sequence of the genetic marker.

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Pieces of genetic material that living things have shed as they move through their environment.