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The world's first hybrid vehicle, the Lohner-Porsche, was published by Ferdinand Porsche in 1899.

A hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of power.

The basic principle with hybrid vehicles is that the different motors work better at different speeds.

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● Aspect of car functions: The hybrid car set a speed record in Austria at 56 kilometers per hour, solving the problem of speed.

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The main purpose of today's hybrid vehicles is to improve fuel efficiency. But at that time, the hybrid car was invented to solve the transmission problem, that is, to increase the speed.

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A hybrid vehicle with a dual-power system using an electric motor and a gasoline engine was born.

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● Substitute: Replaces large battery packs with internal combustion engines to drive generators and electric in-wheel motors

● Combine: Combining electric motors and gasoline engines in a car

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Design a transmission to increase speed.

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Need of speed
With the development of car, the rotational speed of internal combustion engines is not enough.

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Street-Legal FLYING CAR Aeromobil 3.0 Demonstration

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Different flying cars were invented

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● Substitute: Replacing gasoline with fuel cells.

● Combine: Combine wings with a car.

● Modify: Narrow the space of the car in order to decrease its gravity, so that the car can fly smoothly.

● Put to other use: Be allowed to travel in the sky.

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● By running various vehicles in the sky

● Make use of Electricity as fuel for cars

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● Traditional modes of transportation are no longer sufficient to achieve people's commuting needs, especially in cities with heavy traffic

● Carbon emissions from conventional cars are too high

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● Social aspect: It can shorten people's commute time.

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● Environmental aspect: It will greatly alleviate the vehicle's exhaust emissions or reliance on diesel fuel.

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German aircraft manufacturer Volocopter has announced its VoloCity as the first electric air taxi to receive a commercial license. However, the ticket price for the first flights is 300 euros each and it arouses heated debates among the public.

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The Unprecedented Innovation of Flying Car (2014)

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The Unprecedented Innovation of Flying Car (2014)

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Aero Mobil, which was created in 2014, runs on gasoline and can transform from a car to an airplane in just a few seconds. More importantly, the wings can also be folded and parked in the parking lot like a normal car.

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● Cultural aspects: Newly designed vehicles prompt people to decorate their cars in a variety of ways.

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People did not rely on horses for riding a car or taking a journey. The use of horses was not necessary after the appearance of the first motor car. It reduced the use of resources on cultivating horses.

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In 1888, Benz's wife Bertha took a long-distance journey from Mannheim to Pforzheim. The whole distance was 180 kilometers. The growth of popularity of Benz's car began here as it was shocked and surprised that there was a car riding on the road when it was not a carriage

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On 29/01/1886, Carl Benz applied his own design a patent "vehicle powered by a gas engine"

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Benz successfully invented Benz Patent-Motorwagen

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● Substitute: Made use of the invented gasoline-powered two-stroke piston engine rather than the push by a horse

● Combine: Combing the way of turning left or right of a bicycle into the car

● Modify: Modifying the design of having four wheels to three wheels only

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The car had to be self-propelled by gas

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People wanted to have a car for carrying others safely

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The first automobile, Benz Patent-Motorwagen was built in 1885 by a German Carl Benz. Benz constructed it with steel-spooked wheels and rubber tires which were his own design.

The cost of it was around $150 USD (equivalent to $4525 USD in 2021) in 1886

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● Substitute: Use Fuel cell to replace the petrol.

● Combine: Adopt Toyota's hybrid power technology, including: electric motor, power control unit, and other components from hybrid vehicles

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MIRAI Fuel Cell Vehicle was invented.

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● Advantages of zero-emission driving

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People wanted to reduce air pollution and let the car self-break through the fuel cell.

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● Environmental aspect: The approximate by-product of exercise is a general water curtain showing any kilogram of oil. It affects the depot to think about how to create a car that more environmentally and friendly, not to mention increaseing endurance.

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Mirai has begun to be sold in California, USA, and is predicting the "future" time point 30 years later for the Hollywood movie "Back to the Future II"

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In 1992, Toyota start to develop FCV technology

In 1996, an FCV-EVS13 model equipped with a metal hydride hydrogen tank participated in the parade in Osaka

In 2014, Toyota Motor Shows Near-Production FCV Models to News Media

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It is the world's first fuel cell vehicle. Electric vehicles are powered by electricity, and fuel cell vehicles are powered by hydrogen. Just like general gasoline vehicles need to be refueled at gas stations, fuel cell vehicles are supplemented with hydrogen as fuel at hydrogen refueling stations.

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Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot created the steam car.

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● Substitute: Use wheels and steam engine to replace horse/clockwork

● Combine: Combine four wheels and one steam engine together to be a car

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● Transport the items conveniently and quickly

● Be easy to control

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People found it difficult to deliver items with the help of horse car.

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Pavement conditions after the implementation of the earliest road traffic law, “Red Flag Law” in UK

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● Aspect of policy: Europe and the United States implemented discriminatory regulations and restrictions on automobiles to stipulate the speed limit of steam cars should.

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● Social aspect: Europeans and Americans regarded cars as monsters because steam cars rumble past, making loud noises, and pedestrians are disturbed, not to mention thinking that the drivers of the car were covered in sludge, no different from the boiler burner.

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This painting captured the moment when the steering wheel lost control and caused the car to hit the wall directly in the car running experiment, which is the world's first car accident.

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By 1769, French Army engineer Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot invented the earliest steam-powered car.

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The first clockwork-driven vehicle in the world

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● Solution-driven: In the 15th century, Leonardo da Vinci designed a clockwork-driven vehicle which could be powered by stepping on foot and it inspired more people to design a variety of cars.

● Problem-driven: In 1700’s, many countries conducted military activities that required a substantial amount of weapons, food and building materials to be transported, instead of using the inflexible horse car