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Preserving our Cultural Heritage, One Carpet at a Time

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Preserving our Cultural Heritage, One Carpet at a Time

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Mushtaq, H. (2018, April). Preserving Our Cultural Heritage, One Carpet at a Time - T.E.D. [Video]. https://www.ted.com/talks/hussain_mushtaq_preserving_our_cultural_heritage_one_carpet_at_a_time

Mushtaq spoke about his family fleeing to Iraq to escape the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan when he was a boy. He begins to talk about his emotional connection to carpet weaving and how it changed him as a person. The rebuilding of his family carpet business inspired him to share his love and knowledge with all he could. He partnered with local carpet weavers in order to help them overcome cultural and economic restrictions. Persian carpets became his creative outlet.

As Mushtaq created his carpet business he began to realize the importance of these Persian carpets to his culture. He began teaching weaving to keep the idea alive and preserve his culture. His carpets and carpet weaving classes inspired others to invest in this culture and into Islam more. He gave the unemployed jobs so that they can feed their families all while sharing Islam with them and keeping the culture alive. This is a cultural article so it connects to the other two cultural articles.

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Hussain Mushtaq: Preserving our Cultural Heritage, one Carpet at a Time

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Mushtaq Hussain Ghulami was born in Kabul, Afghanistan in 1977, where he lived until his family fled to Iran to escape the Soviet-Afghan War. He spent nine years near the city of Mashhad, where he worked in a Persian carpet factory after school and slowly learned to love the handwoven craft in spite of the poverty surrounding him.

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Conflicting Images of the Great Wall in Cultural Heritage Tourism

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Conflicting Images of the Great Wall in Cultural Heritage Tourism

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Feng, J., Li, Y., Wu, P. (2018). Conflicting Images of the Great Wall in Cultural Heritage Tourism. Critical Arts: A South-North Journal of Cultural & Media Studies, 31(6), pp. 109-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/02560046.2017.1405455

This source describes the tourism the great wall of china brings and the effects these tourists have on the structure of the wall itself. They discuss the pros and cons of tourism and what to do to improve the state of the wall so it lasts longer. The wall is a huge part of Chinese culture so preserving it is very important to the Chinese government.

In this source, the authors point out different ways the Chinese government has worked to preserve the wall. The government regulator places great emphasis on aspects of heritage preservation by being cautious about exceeding the capacity limit for tourists, so as to safeguard the integrity and heritage of the site. This falls under cultural because of the huge cultural significance the Great Wall of China has. It is linked to the environmental lens because of the effects that the wall has on the environment and the effect that tourism has on the environment.

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Ukraine's Cultural Heritage Is Desperate for Help

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Ukraine's Cultural Heritage Is Desperate for Help

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Ballman, L. (2022). Ukraine’s Cultural Heritage Is Desperate for Help. Foreign Policy Magazine pp. 12-14

In this source, Ballman describes how the Russian invasion of Ukraine affects the heritage sites in the country. Putin has sent his troops to destroy different cultural sites around Ukraine such as the Holocaust memorial at Babyn Yar, and the Ivankiv Historical and Local History Museum and its trove of Ukrainian folk art. Ballman compares the destruction to that of Hitler during WW2. Suppressing and destroying a society’s cultural objects quickens the suppression and destruction of its people. The U.S. government's cultural property programs must connect with Ukrainian counterparts to understand what type of aid they require. In some regions of Ukraine, it may be too late to protect cultural property from Russian aggression.

This provides an example of how countries don’t protect heritage sites. Russia is deliberately attacking Ukrainian cultural sites in order to suppress the voice of the people. Ukraine’s attempts to protect these areas aren't enough against Russia’s military. NATO countries can't interfere in Ukrainian warfare due to the complicated relationship they have with Russia. These sites, important to Ukraine’s history, could be completely destroyed. This falls under cultural because of the cultural significance these sites have such as the Holocaust memorial where thousands of Jews died in 1941. Destroying these sites destroys Ukrainian culture itself.  It connects to the political lens because the government isn't doing enough to protect these areas. The government needs to step in and protect these sites but because they are distracted with protecting the people from Russian troops, the heritage sites are being harmed.

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Protecting The Great Barrier Reef - Behind the News

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Protecting The Great Barrier Reef - Behind the News

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Behind the News. (2021. Jul 31). Protecting The Great Barrier Reef - Behind the News [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATIJtL6mSNk

This video details the case of the Great Barrier Reef located in Australia. UNESCO, or the United Nations Educational, Scientific, Cultural Organization, claimed that it should be on the "In Danger" list for heritage sites. This is due to the effects of climate change and coral bleaching, which hurts the reef. However, Australia believed that it did not belong on the list. Australia's environment minister met with UNESCO and other diplomats to convince them that the reef was not in danger, despite warnings from scientists and researchers.

The Great Barrier Reef was once a beautiful and majestic environmental wonder. However, climate change will continue to affect it. Even though scientists have warned that the Reef is dying because of the negative effects of climate change, the Australian government believes the Reef is still healthy. This is why it would fit into environmental heritage because this piece of heritage is solely based on the ecosystem. In 2021, Australia believed it was healthy, however, in 2022 it has made efforts to heal the Reef. The country is trying to protect its environmental heritage after neglecting to do so in the previous year. It is also linked to the other environmental sources because it relates to the same issue of countries protecting their environmental heritage.

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Protecting The Great Barrier Reef - Behind the News

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National-Scale Inventory and Management of Heritage Sites and Monuments: Advantages and Challenges of Using Geospatial Technology

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National-Scale Inventory and Management of Heritage Sites and Monuments: Advantages and Challenges of Using Geospatial Technology

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Raj, U., Sinha, N. K., & Tewari, R. (2017). National-Scale Inventory and Management of Heritage Sites and Monuments: Advantages and Challenges of Using Geospatial Technology. Current Science, 113(10), 1934-47. https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v113/i10/1934-1947

In this research paper, Raj, U., Sinha, N. K., & Tewari, R. present the use of geospatial technology to both manage and protect India's heritage. The methods they utilized include remote sensing, scientific archeological applications, predictive locational modeling, satellite data processing, and 3-D modeling. Along with the Indian Space Research Organization and the Department of Space, Government of India, research was done smoothly on the method of using satellite imagery and 3-D modeling to conclude that some areas with likely high concentrations of environmental heritage need rapid conservation of the located sites there.

This article presents a solution to an environmental heritage problem in India. By presenting the many methods of research and visual stimuli such as satellite images, the authors of the article are able to show their research and use it in a way that a reader without much knowledge of the subject can understand. Because the research is using scientific methods to protect its environmental heritage, this article would fall under the environmental umbrella. The use of scientific and archaeological techniques to protect and observe heritage in India is a great example of how a country is successfully trying to protect its heritage sites. This source is also leaning more political as well, which is why it is linked to the political umbrella. This is because India's government is taking action to protect its heritage. It is also linked to the other environmental sources because it relates to the same issue of countries protecting their environmental heritage.

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Public Policy and Political Dynamics of Heritage Conservation in the United States

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Public Policy and Political Dynamics of Heritage Conservation in the United States

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Cho, H. (2013). Public Policy and Political Dynamics of Heritage Conservation in the United States. Journal of Arts Management, Law & Society, 43, 58-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/10632921.2013.768160

In the paper, Cho seeks to identify the key players in the world of heritage preservation policy and reveal the strengths and weaknesses in the field. She presents the concept of the subgovernment triangle, comprising of the bureaucracy and government executives, the legislative committees, and the private sector, as the key players. She also introduces key legislation, such as the National Historical Preservation Act of 1966, 1997, and 2005 and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, which act as foundational policies for heritage protection. After analyzing the subgovernmental network in tangible and intangible heritage, she concludes that the network is unable to take on more progressive or disruptive issues due to the dependence on cooperation to function. She also states that intangible heritage is neglected.

The source directly addresses the system by which the US discusses and implements heritage preservation policies. The source goes further and evaluates the system, determining that while the system has made strides in protecting cultural property, its inability to push forward policies that may cause conflict between different groups means its success is limited. The US requires a more dynamic subgovernment that adapts to the needs of heritage sites instead of sticking to the status quo.

This source relates to 'Painting ourselves into the landscape' because both articles look at heritage preservation policies in the United States. This source relates to 'Cultural Heritage in Armed Conflict: The 1954 Hage Convention and its two (1954 and 1999) Protocols' because both look at key players in heritage conservation and preservation policy.

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AP Seminar_Public Policy and Political Dynamics of Heritage_Hyojung Cho

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Cultural Heritage in Armed Conflict: The 1954 Hague Convention and its two (1954 and 1999) Protocols

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Cultural Heritage in Armed Conflict: The 1954 Hague Convention and its two (1954 and 1999) Protocols

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UNESCO. (2019, Nov 14). Cultural Heritage in Armed Conflict: The 1954 Hague Convention and its two (1954 and 1999) Protocols [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqdgj1aphqs

The source describes the formation and protocols of the 1954 Hague Convention, an international treaty that concerns itself with the protection of heritage sites during times of conflict. The source presents several protectionary measures included in the 1954 Hague Convention. The first protocol requires illegally exported heritage during times of conflict to be returned. The second protocol criminalizes the destruction of heritage sites, creates a special fund to assist countries engaged in conflict with protecting their cultural sites, and creates a committee to implement the protocols of the convention.

The 1954 Hague Convention is a type of international treaty that is legally binding to nations that adopt the treaty in some way. While this source refrains from presenting real-world implementations of the treaty, it does present a multitude of actions nations who have adopted the treaty must take to protect their cultural heritage in times of conflict. While this source does not directly answer the original question, it does show that nations recognized the vulnerability of heritage and took action to create protective measures in a situation previously unaccounted for.

This source relates to 'Ukraine’s Cultural Heritage Is Desperate for Help' because both articles look at the preservation of heritage sites during times of conflict. This source relates to 'Public Policy and Political Dynamics of Heritage Conservation in the United States' because both look at key players in heritage conservation and preservation policy.

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Cultural Heritage in Armed Conflict: The 1954 Hague Convention and its two (1954 and 1999) Protocols

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Zuckerman, S. (2004) Painting ourselves into the landscape. Earth Island Journal, 19(1), 31-34

Zuckerman argues that, despite the push by policymakers and mainstream environmental advocates, removing humans from nature reserves is not the solution to protecting heritage sites. Rather than exclusion, policy should put forward restrictions to create responsible visitors who value to areas they are visiting. He uses examples of park policies in Canada to support this. Only by creating a culture that treasures nature reserves will people seek to protect it.

This article does not directly discuss the various methods the US uses the preserve its natural heritage sites, but it does focus on policies that remove humans to preserve the site. Exclusionary methods are claimed to be recommended by multiple environmental preservation groups, who claim it is an effective measure. The author themselves do not claim that removing humans does not benefit the environment. But rather, he claims that a healthy human-nature relationship would be more beneficial for both parties. However, the author also mentions that the National Park Service has been removing historical human structures from park land. This is counteractive and shows that while the US is taking some measures to protect its cultural heritage sites, more work is needed.

This article relates to 'National-Scale Inventory and Management of Heritage Sites and Monuments: Advantages and Challenges of Using Geospatial Technology' because both articles look at specific preservation methods. This article is also related to 'Public Policy and Political Dynamics of Heritage Conservation in the United States' because both articles look at heritage preservation policies in the United States.

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Painting Ourselves Into the Landscape_Seth Zuckerman

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How well do different countries protect their heritage?

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How well do different countries protect their heritage?

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Bareesh (blue posts), Bella (green posts), David (purple posts)

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The Legal Role of Government in Protecting Cultural Heritage and Archeological Sites in the War-Affected Countries: The Case of Iraq and Syria

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The Legal Role of Government in Protecting Cultural Heritage and Archeological Sites in the War-Affected Countries: The Case of Iraq and Syria

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Ahmad, R. (2022). The Legal Role of Government in Protecting Cultural Heritage and Archeological Sites in the War-Affected Countries: The Case of Iraq and Syria. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 8(2), 281-92. https://doi.org/10.47305/JLIA2282281a%20

Ahmad begins by stating that archaeological and cultural sites are currently in danger because of different conflicts and wars, especially in the countries of Syria and Iraq. Because the archaeological and cultural sites are at risk, Ahmad argues that protecting these heritage sites should be something both the government and the public are responsible for. Many monuments, artifacts, and archaeological sites are doomed to be destroyed because of armed conflict, so developing policies to protect them is the first thing that should happen. Ahmad claims there is a lack of legal protection regarding cultural and environmental heritage in Iraq and Syria. The role of governments and legal authorities is vital in determining whether or not these monuments are destroyed or not.

This article falls under both cultural and environmental heritage, however, it can lean more toward environmental and archaeological. This is because many cultural heritage sites can also fall under environmental ones. This article is a clear example that the countries of Iraq and Syria are not protecting their heritage. Ahmad acts as a voice to the higher authorities, urging that the heritage of Iraq and Syria are protected during conflict. Because there is an active need for the protection of these heritage sites, it shows how some countries are not doing a successful job at protecting or preserving their environmental heritage. It is also linked to the other environmental sources because it relates to the same issue of countries protecting their environmental heritage.