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- Rise for more religious diversity
- Held revivals and emotional outdoor sermons that focused on graphic descriptions of Heaven and Hell
- Charles Grandon Finney was the leading Evangelical preacher of the movement
- First movement to unite all parts of the nation, but took hold less in the South

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The second great awakening was a religious revival that came around in the early 1800s by making changes to society like empowering women as well as inspiring other forms of movements like abolition and Women's rights.

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Multiple leaders in the department of education were able to contribute to the rise of schooling in the United States which changed education in the United States where schooling became more common. With schooling becoming more common, over all education with the new generation was looking bright.

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- Horace Mann was known as the "Father of American Education" due to his being a major force when it came to establishing unified school systems in the United States
- Dorothea Dix played a big role in the founding or expansion of more than 30 hospitals for the treatment of the mentally ill
- From Maine, Wisconsin, women supported the movement led by Horace Mann to increase elementary schools and improve the quality of instruction
- A leader of new women educators was Catharine Beecher who founded new academies for young women in Hartford, Connecticut

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- Seneca Falls was a convention known as the first women's rights convention from July 19, 1848, to July 20, 1848. This meeting is responsible for the launching of Women's suffrage
- The declaration of sentiments claimed that "all men and women are created equal". This was important for women since women could take action to claim rights that were denied by men
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton women who organized the first demand for women's suffrage in the United States
- Lucretia Mott was an American Quaker, abolitionist, women's rights activist, and social reformer. She was an early feminist activist and strong advocate for ending slavery

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Women's rights was a movement that changed women's status in the United States. Through different leaders such as Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, women were able to break down barriers setting rules and appeals that forever created a better environment around women in society.

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Immigration was starting to become a big part of the culture in the United States which ultimately hinted at the future of what the United States would become. The natives tried to counter this process by putting a halt to immigration from other countries in the northeast like the Irish and Germans.

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- Know nothing was a nativist political party and movement in the United States, this part was known as a "Native American Party" prior to 1855 and thereafter known as the "American Party"
- By 1850, immigrants were a major part of the northeast, Irish men and women in New York were around 200,000 and Germans 110,000
- New York natives took alarm as many ethnically diverse migrants were altering the city's culture
- By the mid-1830s where nativists called a halt to immigration

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- Minstrelsy began around 1830 when a few actors put on blackface and performed song and dance routines
- Female moral reform society was established in 1834 under the leadership of Lydia A. Finney who was the wife of revivalist Charles Grandison Finney
- The Temperance movement was established to limit the drinking of alcohol in the United States, the movement combined a concern for general social ills with religious sentiment and practical health considerations in a way that was appealing to many middle-class reformers
- Commercialized sex became a form of facet of the new urban culture where men engaged freely in sexual conquests

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Changes such as the temperance movement were put in place for a good cause that would definitely have created a better society with less drinking in the United States. Female reform society became a kind of new reform to how society viewed females.

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Mormonism brought something different to the United States with a set of religious beliefs that were not seen as humane. Mormons traveled to what is now Utah to establish some sort of religious freedom in society was the start of being able to branch to different parts near the United States.

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- Led by Brigham Young, Joseph Smith Jr's leading disciple caused about 6500 Mormons to flee the United States. By 1846, they crossed into the Great Plains into Mexican territory and then settled in Present day Utah
- Around 70,000 Mormon pioneers set out on foot and wagons to "Zion" which is modern-day Salt Lake City in hopes to find someplace to practice their religious beliefs without being persecuted
- Mormons were persecuted, many were jailed for polygamy while others like church leaders went underground
- The first amendment guaranteed freedom of religion, meaning that any religion was allowed to be practiced within the United States

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John Humphrey Noyes changed the way that society was seen. He creates a society of something different than the Shakers where is was a marriage-less society to create a community where sexuality and gender roles were more defined. The Fourier liberated workers from capitalist employers.

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- The United Society of Believers in Christ's second appeared known as the Shakers due to the ecstatic dances that were a part of their worship
- John Humphrey Noyes was inspired by the Shakers' marriage-less society  to create a community that defined sexuality and gender roles in new ways
- In 1839 Noyes set up a community near his hometown of Putney, Vermont but after local outrage of the complex marriage, Noyes was forced to relocate to an area near Oneida, New York
- As the Shakers’ growth slowed down in the 1840s, the American Fourierist movement came around that was a eight stage social evolution that predicted the decline of individual property rights

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- Transcendentalism was a movement rooted in the religious ground of New England where the message of individual self-realization reached hundreds of thousands of people through Emerson
- Ralph Waldo Emerson was the leader of the transcendentalism movement and was a Unitarian which meant that he believed God was a single being
- Henry David Thoreau sought self-realization for men and inspiration from the natural world in which he was depressed by his brother’s death had made him build a cabin and live in new Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts for two years alone
- “Leaves of Grass” were a collection of exuberant poems that were first published in 1855 to be revised and expanded. Whitman recorded in verse his efforts to transcend boundaries

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Ralph Waldo Emerson led to these changes in art and literature, and transcendentalism rewrote how God was viewed in peoples' eyes. With the individual realization that had reached many people gave others an insight into other views of life.