# data[].attributes.body
Enter your answer in the box.

The student describes both the student's push and friction as the forces affecting the block's motion before release. The student also identifies that these forces affect the block's acceleration (or change in velocity).

# data[].attributes.body
1- Metalloid

2- Nonmetal

3- Metal

4- Metal

5- Metal

# data[].attributes.headline
2023 STAAR Question 16 Answer metals, valence electrons

# data[].attributes.subject
2023 STAAR Question 16 Answer metals, valence electrons

# data[].attributes.headline
2023 STAAR Question 15 Part 1 Answer C Part 2 Answer C

# data[].attributes.subject
2023 STAAR Question 15 Part 1 Answer C Part 2 Answer C

# data[].attributes.body
The students use this data to determine and graph the velocity of the cart. Which graph accurately represents the velocity of the cart?

# data[].attributes.body
Students push a cart along a smooth floor and collect data to produce the graph shown.

# data[].attributes.body
Which of these statements about the mass of subatomic particles is true?

A The mass of a proton is the same as the mass of an electron.

B The mass of a neutron is the same as the mass of an electron.

C The mass of a neutron is much greater than the mass of a proton.

D The mass of a proton is much greater than the mass of an electron.

# data[].attributes.body
Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4) is used to produce many products.

Which elements are represented in the formula AND how many atoms of each element are represented in the formula?

Read the question carefully. Then enter your answer in the box provided.

# data[].attributes.body
A plastic tube is arranged on a lab tabletop as shown. A small sphere enters one end of the tube with enough speed to come out the other end of the tube.

Which diagram shows where the sphere will go first when it leaves the tube?

# data[].attributes.body
The chart shows properties of four elements.

Based on these properties, which element is most likely a nonmetal?

F Element 1

G Element 2

H Element 3

J Element 4

# data[].attributes.body
Students performed a lab investigation on chemical reactions. The students put on goggles and plastic gloves and then followed these steps.

Which observation would indicate that a chemical reaction occurred?

F The vinegar took the shape of the container in step 1.

G The steel wool sank into the vinegar in step 3.

H The temperature of the vinegar increased during step 4.

J The steel wool changed shape during step 6.

# data[].attributes.body
When a coin is tossed in the air, it travels upward, gradually slows down, momentarily reaches zero speed, then moves back downward with increasing speed. Which statement best explains this change in the coin’s motion?

F The force of gravity causes the coin to change its velocity.

G The coin’s inertia decreases on the way up and increases on the way down.

H The action-reaction force pair of gravity and the applied force cancel each other.

J The coin remains in its state of upward motion until the force of friction acts upon it.

# data[].attributes.body
The picture shows a bicyclist increasing speed while riding down a hill during a bicycle race.

Which statements accurately describe the potential and kinetic energy of this bicyclist?

A Kinetic energy increases.

Potential energy decreases.

B Kinetic energy increases.

Potential energy remains constant.

C Kinetic energy remains constant.

Potential energy decreases.

D Kinetic energy remains constant. Potential energy increases.

# data[].attributes.body
Four students designed and built air propelled rockets that were launched into the air. Their data are recorded in the table.

Which rocket had the greatest acceleration? A Rocket 1

B Rocket 2

C Rocket 3

D Rocket 4

# data[].attributes.body
If a fluorine atom has a mass number of 19, how many neutrons are in the atom?

Record your answer and fill in the bubbles on your answer document. Be sure to use the correct place value.

# data[].attributes.body
A student prepared diagrams to model atoms of two elements.

Atoms of which two elements are represented by these models?

A Oxygen‚ O, and neon, Ne

B Fluorine, F, and neon, Ne

C Silicon, Si, and phosphorus, P

D Beryllium, Be, and boron, B

# data[].attributes.body
The speed of an object over time is shown in the graph.

Which table describes the object’s motion?

# data[].attributes.body
Which element has chemical properties that are most similar to the chemical properties of sulfur, S?

F Silicon, Si

G Chlorine, Cl

H Selenium, Se

J Phosphorus, P

# data[].attributes.body
A car initially traveling at 8.0 meters per second doubles its speed while traveling in a northeast direction. Students used a table to record the initial and final conditions for speed and velocity. Which table is correct?

# data[].attributes.body
The diagram shows how a cylinder in a car engine causes the car to move.

Which description of the energy conversions in this process is correct?

F The chemical energy in the fuel-air mixture is converted to thermal energy, which is then converted to mechanical energy.

G The mechanical energy in the fuel-air mixture is converted to electrical energy, which is then converted to thermal energy.

H The electrical energy in the fuel-air mixture is converted to mechanical energy, which is then converted to thermal energy.

J The thermal energy in the fuel-air mixture is converted to electrical energy, which is then converted to mechanical energy.

# data[].attributes.body
Which of these observations is an indication that a chemical reaction has occurred?

A Steam forms above boiling water.

B A solid forms when a clear solution is frozen.

C A solid forms when two clear solutions are mixed.

D Sugar crystals form on the sides of a boiling pot of sugar water.

# data[].attributes.body
A Texas Gulf Coast energy pyramid is shown with representative organisms at each trophic level.

Which statement best describes the flow of energy through this pyramid?

F The trophic level represented by catfish and gobies receives energy directly from the producers.

G The trophic level represented by shrimp and copepods receives energy directly from the tertiary consumers.

H The trophic level represented by redfish and flounder receives energy directly from the secondary consumers.

J The trophic level represented by wire grass and phytoplankton receives energy directly from the primary consumers.

# data[].attributes.body
Oxygen and oxygen-containing compounds are involved in many different reactions. Which balanced equation represents a reaction that involves 14 atoms of oxygen?

F NH₄Cl + KOH → NH₃ + H₂O + KCl

G 2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂

H 2 C₂H₆ + 7O₂ → 4CO₂ + 6H₂O

J 4Fe + 3O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃

# data[].attributes.body
Students collected data on five elements. Their data are shown in the table.

Which element has the same number of energy levels as lithium?

F Beryllium

G Sodium

H Magnesium

J Potassium

# data[].attributes.body
A sledgehammer has a mass of 3.5 kilograms.

What net force, to the nearest whole newton, will a person need to apply to accelerate the sledgehammer at a rate of 4.0 m/s2 ?

Record your answer and fill in the bubbles on your answer document. Be sure to use the correct place value.

# data[].attributes.body
Two students record the distance they each traveled in 60 seconds in the data table shown.

If the students continue at the same speed, which statement describes the total distance traveled after 90 seconds?

A Student 1 traveled 40 m, and student 2 traveled 20 m.

B Student 1 traveled 50 m, and student 2 traveled 30 m.

C Student 1 traveled 60 m, and student 2 traveled 30 m.

D Student 1 traveled 70 m, and student 2 traveled 25 m.

# data[].attributes.body
A photograph of a bird perched on a fence post is shown.

Which description best identifies the action-reaction pair between the bird and the fence post?

F Action: The force of the bird on the wires Reaction: The force of the wires on the fence post

G Action: The force of the wires on the fence post Reaction: The force of the fence post on the bird

H Action: The force of the fence post on the bird Reaction: The force of the bird on the wires

J Action: The force of the bird on the fence post Reaction: The force of the fence post on the bird

# data[].attributes.body
The diagram shows a model of an atom. The model contains three different subatomic particles. Particles X and Y are inside the nucleus, and particle Z is outside of the nucleus.

Which statements best describe the charges on the particles in this model?

A Both particles X and Y have a positive charge. Particle Z has a negative charge.

B Both particles X and Y have a negative charge. Particle Z has a positive charge.

C Either particle X or particle Y has a positive charge. Particle Z has a negative charge.

D Either particle X or particle Y has a negative charge. Particle Z has a positive charge.

# data[].attributes.body
Sodium and lithium have similar chemical properties. What characteristic of these elements explains why they are chemically similar?

F Their atoms both have one valence electron.

G Their atoms both have more neutrons than protons.

H Their atoms have the same number of energy levels.

J Their atoms contain equal numbers of protons and electrons.

# data[].attributes.body
One of the properties that makes copper, Cu, useful for household wiring is its ability to conduct electricity. Which other element is most likely to conduct electricity?

F Gold, Au

G Radon, Rn

H Bromine, Br

J Nitrogen, N

# data[].attributes.body
A toy truck is at rest on the floor. Which statement describes the forces acting on the toy truck?

A The forces are balanced so motion occurs. B The forces are balanced so no motion occurs.

C The forces are unbalanced so motion occurs.

D The forces are unbalanced so no motion occurs.

# data[].attributes.body
Two solutions are mixed and react to produce the solid precipitate AgCl. The chemical reaction is shown by the balanced chemical equation.

AgNO₃ + NaCI ---> AgCI + NaNo₃

What happens to the total mass as the reaction takes place?

A The mass increases.

B The mass decreases.

C The mass remains constant.

D The mass first decreases and then increases.

# data[].attributes.body
Which pair of elements has reactivity that is similar to chlorine, Cl?

A Fluorine, F, and argon, Ar

B Fluorine, F, and iodine, I

C Sulfur, S, and bromine, Br

D Sulfur, S, and argon, Ar

# data[].attributes.body
A horse trainer records the distance a horse travels during three different trials.

What is the horse’s average speed in kilometers per minute?

# data[].attributes.body
A skater pushes off a wall and skates backward for a few meters before stopping.

Which statement best describes an action–reaction force pair in this situation?

F The wall pushes on the skater when the skater pushes on the wall.

G The wheels slow down, and the skater stops.

H The skater exerts a force on the wall, and the wheels exert a force on the floor and begin to turn.

J The friction of the floor decreases when the wheels roll on the floor.

# data[].attributes.body
Students create a table that lists processes observed in nature.

Which process describes only a physical change?

A Process 1

B Process 2

C Process 3

D Process 4

# data[].attributes.body
Students build a circuit. The circuit has wires that connect a battery to a switch and a fan. Which energy transformations happen when the students close the circuit and the blades of the fan begin to spin?

F Chemical to mechanical to electrical

G Electrical to chemical to mechanical

H Chemical to electrical to mechanical

J Mechanical to electrical to chemical

# data[].attributes.body
The temperature of a star determines the wavelength of visible light that is produced. The visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

Stars with the highest temperatures will emit most of their light at wavelengths that are near —

F red light

G orange light

H green light

J blue light

# data[].attributes.body
A student measures the mass and volume of a small cube made of an unknown metal. The mass of the cube is 25.0 g, and the volume of the cube is 3.19 cm3 . The student is told that the cube is a sample of one of the four metals listed in the table.

Based on the data given, the unknown metal is most likely —

A gold

B iron

C silver

D tin

# data[].attributes.body
The diagram shows a duck swimming in a stream in the opposite direction the stream is flowing. The duck pushes against the water, so the water pushes the duck forward with 20 newtons of force. The water also exerts 15 newtons of resistive force against the duck.

Which statement best describes the resulting motion of the duck?

F The duck will stop moving.

G The duck will stop and then start moving again.

H The duck will continue moving in its current direction.

J The duck will move in the direction that the stream is flowing.

# data[].attributes.body
The names and chemical formulas of four substances are shown in the chart.

Which substance listed in the chart is made up of the most atoms?

A Carbonic acid

B Nitric acid

C Phosphoric acid

D Sulfuric acid

# data[].attributes.body
Roller coasters are popular attractions at amusement parks. A cart on a roller coaster approaches the highest point on the coaster. As the cart reaches the top, it slows down. Which statement best describes the energy of the roller coaster as it slows down while traveling to the top of the coaster?

A The cart gains both kinetic and potential energy.

B The cart gains kinetic energy and loses potential energy.

C The cart loses kinetic energy and gains potential energy.

D The cart loses both kinetic and potential energy.

# data[].attributes.body
Which statements correctly compare metals and nonmetals?

F Metals tend to be good conductors of thermal energy. Nonmetals tend to be good insulators of thermal energy.

G Metals are dull and brittle. Nonmetals are shiny and malleable.

H Metals are good insulators of electricity. Nonmetals tend to be good conductors of electricity.

J Metals cannot be stretched into thin wires. Nonmetals can be stretched into thin wires.

# data[].attributes.body
How many neutrons are in the nucleus of a potassium atom with a mass number of 39? Record your answer and fill in the bubbles on your answer document. Be sure to use the correct place value.

# data[].attributes.body
A student investigates the motion of a toy vehicle. The student graphs 40 seconds of data from the investigation.

Which statement best describes the motion of the toy vehicle during the first 30 seconds of the investigation?

F The vehicle was traveling at a constant speed.

G The vehicle was accelerating at a constant rate.

H The speed of the vehicle was increasing.

J The acceleration of the vehicle was increasing.

# data[].attributes.body
Which pair of elements are nonmetals and gases at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure?

F Fluorine, F, and chlorine, Cl

G Boron, B, and aluminum, Al

H Hydrogen, H, and cesium, Cs

J Cobalt, Co, and nickel, Ni

# data[].attributes.body
A student pushes a 51.5 kilogram bookshelf across a smooth floor with a net force of 67 N.

What is the approximate acceleration of the bookshelf?

F 1.3 m/s²

G 3,450.5 m/s2

H 15.5 m/s2

J 0.77 m/s²

# data[].attributes.body
Students mixed two liquids in a beaker and listed their observations.

Based on these observations, which statement contains the best evidence that a chemical reaction occurred?

A There is a change in shape.

B There is a change in volume.

C The two liquids mix into a solution.

D The two liquids form a new substance.

# data[].attributes.body
A steel ball is at one end of a box that is moving forward as shown. The box suddenly stops.

According to Newton’s first law, what happens to the steel ball just after the box stops?

F Because of friction, the ball continues rolling forward at the same speed.

G Because of friction, the ball rolls forward at an increased speed.

H Because of inertia, the ball continues rolling forward at the same speed.

J Because of inertia, the ball rolls forward at an increased speed.

# data[].attributes.body
Researchers are investigating processes that happen during digestion. Which answer choice describes only a physical change during digestion?

F Hydrochloric acid in the stomach breaks down proteins.

G Chewing in the mouth breaks food into small pieces.

H Enzymes in saliva start the digestion of starches before food is swallowed.

J Bacteria in the intestines convert dietary fiber into fats.

# data[].attributes.body
A pitcher throws a ball toward a player holding a softball bat. The player uses the bat to hit the ball. The bat applies a 10-newton force to the ball.

Which statement correctly describes the reaction force between the bat and ball?

A The reaction force is the force that causes the ball to move toward the bat.

B The reaction force is the force applied to the bat by the player holding the bat.

C The reaction force is the force that pulls the ball toward the ground.

D The reaction force is the force of the ball on the bat.

# data[].attributes.body
The diagram shows a model of an atom. The model has four different symbols on it. Each symbol represents a different role for one of the particles within the atom.

In this model, which particle determines the reactivity of this atom?

F Particle W

G Particle X

H Particle Y

J Particle Z

# data[].attributes.body
The diagrams show forces acting on a toy car as it moves to the right. Which diagram shows the toy car that will most likely accelerate to the right based on these conditions?

# data[].attributes.body
The graph shows the distance an object traveled in 11 seconds.

Which answer choice best describes the movement of the object between the times of 0 and 6 seconds on the graph?

F Moving at a constant speed

H Moving toward the north

G Accelerating

J Stopped

# data[].attributes.body
Barium sulfate, BaSO₄ , is a white crystalline solid that is insoluble in water. It is used by doctors to diagnose problems with the digestive system. Barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)₂ , is also a white crystalline solid and is used in wastewater treatment.

How many more oxygen atoms are represented in the formula for barium sulfate than in the formula for barium hydroxide? Record your answer and fill in the bubbles on your answer document. Be sure to use the correct place value.

# data[].attributes.body
The atomic number of krypton is 36. If the mass number of a krypton atom is 84, which table shows the number of subatomic particles inside and outside the nucleus of the krypton atom?

# data[].attributes.body
The blades of a wind turbine are at rest until the movement of air causes the blades to spin.

Which energy transformation happens when the blades are spinning as shown?

F Electrical to mechanical

G Chemical to electrical

H Mechanical to electrical

J Chemical to mechanical

# data[].attributes.body
The distance a toy car travels over time is shown in the graph.

Which table best shows the average speed of the toy car at different time intervals?

# data[].attributes.body
The mass of an unidentified rock is 15.5 grams. Students determine the volume of the rock by placing the rock in a cylinder with water. The students calculate the density of the rock. They determine the identity of the rock based on the density ranges in the table.

The students most likely have which type of rock?

F Coal

G Dolomite

H Peridotite

J Sandstone

# data[].attributes.body
A diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

Earth’s atmosphere blocks short wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. Which telescopes must be placed in orbit around Earth in order to observe short-wavelength radiation?

F Gamma-ray telescopes

G Visible-light telescopes

H Infrared telescopes

J Radio telescopes

# data[].attributes.body
A compound secreted by honeybees to paralyze intruders in their hive is known as 2-heptanone. The formula for this compound is shown.

CH₃C₄H₈COCH₃

How many atoms of each element are in one molecule of 2-heptanone?

A 4 carbon atoms, 11 hydrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom

B 7 carbon atoms, 14 hydrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom

C 7 carbon atoms, 11 hydrogen atoms, and 8 oxygen atoms

D 6 carbon atoms, 14 hydrogen atoms, and 3 oxygen atoms

# data[].attributes.body
A large rock is motionless on a flat sidewalk. Which statement best explains why the rock remains motionless?

F There are no forces acting on the rock.

G The only force acting on the rock is directed toward the sidewalk.

H The forces acting on the rock are all balanced.

J The sidewalk exerts an unbalanced force on the rock.

# data[].attributes.body
A demonstration helps students understand a principle of roller coaster design.

Which answer choice correctly describes the ball’s kinetic and potential energy?

F The ball has more potential energy at position X than at position Z.

G The ball has more kinetic energy at position Y than at position W.

H The potential energy and kinetic energy of the ball are equal at position X.

J The potential energy and kinetic energy of the ball are greatest at position Z.

# data[].attributes.body
A scientist performs tests on a sample of an element. The element is a shiny solid that conducts electricity and heat. The scientist is able to bend and flatten the sample when pressure is applied to it.

Based on this information, the element could NOT be a member of which group on the periodic table?

A Group 2

B Group 8

C Group 12

D Group 18

# data[].attributes.body
The net force on a vehicle that is accelerating at a rate of 1.5 m/s2 is 1,800 newtons.

What is the mass of the vehicle to the nearest kilogram?

Record your answer and fill in the bubbles on your answer document. Be sure to use the correct place value.

# data[].attributes.body
A student is trying to classify an unidentified, solid gray material as a metal or a nonmetal. Which question will best help the student classify the material?

F Is the material malleable or ductile?

G Does the material feel hard to the touch? H Will the material float in water?

J Does the material feel rough or smooth?

# data[].attributes.body
Which statement best describes evidence that a chemical reaction occurs as a cake bakes?

F The water in the cake batter evaporates.

G The cake rises as gas bubbles form in the baking cake.

H The cake takes the shape of the container in which it is baked.

J The water in the cake batter is used to keep the cake moist as it bakes.

# data[].attributes.body
A mother and daughter press their hands together and then push apart while ice skating.

Immediately after they push away from each other, how does the motion of the mother and daughter change?

F The mother moves forward, and the daughter moves backward with a greater acceleration.

G Both move forward, but the mother moves with a greater acceleration.

H The mother moves backward, and the daughter moves forward with a greater acceleration.

J Both move backward, but the daughter moves with a greater acceleration.

# data[].attributes.body
Atoms of which two elements have a combined total of 23 protons?

A Sodium, Na, and magnesium, Mg

B Boron, B, and carbon, C

C Copper, Cu, and zinc, Zn

D None of these

# data[].attributes.body
A student is using colored beads to make a model of aluminum sulfate, Al (SO ) 2 4 3. Aluminum atoms are represented by blue beads, sulfur atoms by yellow beads, and oxygen atoms by green beads. What combination of beads should the student use for the model?

F 6 blue, 3 yellow, and 7 green

G 2 blue, 1 yellow, and 4 green

H 2 blue, 3 yellow, and 12 green

J 6 blue, 12 yellow, and 12 green

# data[].attributes.body
A leaf fell from a tree branch. The path it followed is shown in the diagram below.

Which of these best describes why the leaf fell in a crooked path instead of straight down?

F Objects with irregular shapes never fall in straight lines.

G Air currents and gravity applied changing and unbalanced forces to the leaf.

H The upward force of the air on the leaf was greater than the downward force of gravity.

J Once the leaf was in motion, it continued moving in the same direction because the forces were balanced.

# data[].attributes.body
A manufacturer selected a metal to use in producing a lightweight button for clothing. A metal that has a density of 2.71 g/cm³ was selected.

Which of the metals was selected?

F Metal 1

G Metal 2

H Metal 3

J Metal 4

# data[].attributes.body
A student kicks a soccer ball three times. Another student records the distance, the amount of time the ball travels, and the average speed in the table shown below.

How many seconds did it take for the ball to travel 30 m during Kick 3?

F 0.5 s

G 1.0 s

H 1.5 s

J 2.0 s

# data[].attributes.body
What is the total number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a cadmium, Cd, atom that has a mass number of 112?

Record your answer and fill in the bubbles on your answer document. Be sure to use the correct place value.

# data[].attributes.body
Which pair of properties describes the elements in Group 18?

F They are chemically stable and liquid at room temperature.

G They have eight valence electrons and are flammable.

H They are magnetic and boil at low temperatures.

J They are gaseous at room temperature and chemically stable.

# data[].attributes.body
A golfer collected data on the distance a golf cart traveled in a straight line and plotted it on a graph.

Which of these does NOT describe the cart’s motion on this graph?

A The cart moved 24 m away from the starting point between 2 s and 5 s.

B The cart moved toward the starting point at a speed of 3 m/s between 7 s and 12 s.

C The cart moved 11 m toward the starting point between 8 s and 10 s.

D The cart moved away from the starting point at a speed of 1 m/s for 2 s.

# data[].attributes.body
A silver ring reacts with compounds containing sulfur in the air to form silver sulfide, a black substance that makes up the tarnish on the surface of silver objects. To remove the tarnish from the ring, students placed it in a pan lined with aluminum foil and added hot water. Baking soda was added to the hot water and stirred. Students made observations about the process. Which observation of this process provides evidence of a chemical reaction?

F Hot water heated the aluminum foil.

G The liquid solution changed color.

H The pan was lined with aluminum foil.

J The hot water cooled.

# data[].attributes.body
Two forces are applied to a 17 kg box, as shown. The box is on a smooth surface.

Which statement best describes the acceleration of the box?

A The box accelerates at 1.0 m/s2 to the right because the net force is 17 N to the right.

B The box accelerates at 1.9 m/s2 to the right because the greater force is to the right.

C The box accelerates at 3.0 m/s2 because the combined forces cause the box to accelerate.

D The box does not accelerate, because neither force is large enough to move the box.

# data[].attributes.body
A chemist made the table below to record some atomic properties of four elements.

Based on the information in the table, which conclusion about the chemical reactivity of these elements is valid?

A Boron is the most reactive because it has the most protons.

B Fluorine is the most reactive because it has 7 electrons in the outer shell.

C Silicon is the most reactive because it has an equal number of protons and neutrons.

D Gallium is the most reactive because it has many more neutrons than protons.

# data[].attributes.body
A meteor moving 468 km per minute traveling in a south-to-north direction passed near Earth in 2013. Because the meteor was only 45 m wide and was 27,700 km above Earth’s surface, it was not visible without the aid of a telescope.

Which statement describes the meteor’s motion?

F Its velocity was 7.8 km/s northward.

G Its acceleration was 468 km/s².

H Its speed was 468 km/s northward.

J Its acceleration was 7.8 km/s².

# data[].attributes.body
The unusual strength of a glue makes it able to hold a heavy object, or load, as shown in the diagram below.

If the load exerts a strong downward force, the glue —

A destroys the force

B exerts a stronger downward force

C causes the load to accelerate upward

D exerts an upward force that is equal to the downward force

# data[].attributes.body
The table lists some compounds found in foods and their formulas.

Based on this information, which of these statements is NOT true?

A A molecule of sorbitol contains three more oxygen atoms than a molecule of glutamine does.

B A molecule of lactose contains twice as many atoms as a molecule of fructose does.

C A molecule of fructose contains four more atoms than a molecule of glutamine does.

D A molecule of lactose contains twice as many carbon atoms as a molecule of sorbitol does.

# data[].attributes.body
An archer shot a 0.06 kg arrow at a target. The arrow accelerated at 5,000 m/s2 to reach a speed of 50.0 m/s as it left the bow. During this acceleration, what was the net force on the arrow to the nearest newton? Record your answer and fill in the bubbles on your answer document. Be sure to use the correct place value.

# data[].attributes.body
Which statement correctly describes the location and charge of the electrons in an atom?

F The electrons are inside the nucleus and have no charge.

G The electrons are outside the nucleus and have no charge.

H The electrons are inside the nucleus and have a negative charge.

J The electrons are outside the nucleus and have a negative charge.

# data[].attributes.body
A bicycle rider is traveling up a hill. When the rider reaches the top of the hill, she stops to rest. Then she travels down the hill. The diagram shows the rider in the three different positions.

Which of these correctly describes the potential energy and the kinetic energy of the bicycle rider?

A When the rider is at the top of the hill, her potential energy is the greatest, and her kinetic energy is the least.

B As the rider moves up the hill, her kinetic energy increases, and her potential energy decreases.

C When the rider goes down the hill, her potential energy increases, and her kinetic energy decreases.

D As the rider reaches the bottom of the hill, her kinetic energy and her potential energy decrease.

# data[].attributes.body
Students were asked to identify the location of elements in the periodic table based on clues printed on game cards.

Based on the data, which periodic table shows the correct location of the four elements?

# data[].attributes.body
A cook heats a meal in a microwave oven. What energy transformations occur between the microwave oven and the meal?

A Electrical energy--->light energy

--->chemical energy

B Chemical energy--->thermal energy

--->light energy

C Electrical energy--->electromagnetic energy--->thermal energy

D Chemical energy--->electromagnetic energy--->chemical energy

# data[].attributes.body
Tin, Sn, is a soft white metal. It has a low melting point compared with other metals. Tin is widely used as a coating for cans of food. Which statement accurately describes atoms of tin?

F Tin atoms have 50 protons.

G Tin atoms have five valence electrons.

H Tin atoms have 119 neutrons.

J Tin atoms have 68 electrons.

# data[].attributes.body
NASA’s space shuttle program was active from 1981 until 2011. The photograph shows rockets carrying a space shuttle off the launchpad.

How can Newton’s law of action–reaction best be applied to explain the movement of a rocket?

F As the fuel burns, gases push against the rocket, moving it upward.

G As the fuel burns, gases move out of the rocket and reduce air resistance.

H As the fuel burns, the mass of the rocket decreases.

J As the fuel burns, the rocket moves faster.