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Leif Erickson discovered North America in 1001.
He was the first to discover the continent and called it Vineland.
He landed on Canada Nova Scotia, New Foundland

Erikson was an Icelandic explorer.

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"Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492." He was the second to discover North America by accident. He was supposed to be finding a quicker route for the spice trade but landed in America instead.
- Queen Isabella and King Ferdinad of Spain funded his trip
- Landed in Florida

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Separatists did not want to  be apart of the Church of England anymore so the Virginia company paid for them to settle in the new British colony in Virginia. The mayflower is the ship that carried the pilgrims to America in 1620. They had planned to land in Virginia but a bad storm blew them off course and they landed in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The ship docked in the Plymouth Harbor for the winter. When spring arrived each man was required to sign the mayflower compact declaring their allegiance to Britain before they could leave the ship.

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Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776 

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Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776 

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Founding fathers
- John Adams
- Benjamin Franklin
- Alexander Hamilton
- John Jay
- James Madison
- George Washington
- Thomas Jefferson- Main author of the Declaration of Independence

The continental congress appointed Thomas Jefferson to be the author of the document.
- Officially adopted on July 4, 1776

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A war between the 13 American colonies and the British. This war lasted seven years, and was finally won by the American colonies and allowed America to become independent and free from British rule. The revolutionary war was fought over control by the British government (taxation without representation, acts, etc.)

treaty of paris

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Tension between the states because of the countries weak government system, no one could agree on the laws and systems that America would stand for.
- George Washington was President of the meeting
- James Madison was the author of the document
- The convention had the plan of revising the Articles of Confederation

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The Louisiana purchase was a deal between the United States and France, the United States bought 827,000 square miles of land for 15 million dollars. This doubled the size of the United States.

President: Thomas Jefferson

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Access Google Sites with a personal Google account or Google Workspace account (for business use).

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Expansion west was going to eventually happen this was going to help America with religious issues, money, race issues, patriotism, and morality.

This was a belief that we needed to settle on the entire continent.

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War of 1812 (Aka: Second War of Independence)

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War of 1812 (Aka: Second War of Independence)

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President- James Madison
1812-1815

Reasons for the war
- Trade restrictions
- impressment of American seamen
- America wanted to expand west

In 1814 Great Britain invaded Washington DC, they burned the city and the White House. This forced the president to leave the White House

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Author: Francis Scott Key

September 14, 1814

Francis Scott Key was inspired to write the Star Spangled Banner because of the battle of Baltimore at Fort McHenry and the flag still flying in the morning after a long night of bombings. He wrote down what he witnessed in a poem. This was later put to an Irish drinking song.

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- The United States wanted Texas but Mexico refused to recognize that Texas was a territory.
- The treaty of Hidalgo: Allowed the United States to purchase more territory, but this forced a lot of Mexicans to have to leave.
- We kidnapped their president

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Abraham Lincoln was the President

- The North was focused on industry
- The south was focused on agriculture

Disagreements over slavery and states rights

North had more resources and men
South had better fighters and more skilled generals

The North won the civil war

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Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863

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Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863

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Happened during the Civil War
33% of farmers in the south owned slaves
Freed slaves that were in southern states
President Lincoln was the author
Those that were freed slaves could join the army and fight
granted citizenship to freed slaves

This only lasted during the war

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April 21, 1898- December 10, 1898

United States and Cuba vs. Spain

Cuba wanted independence from Spain

Spain was blamed for the sinking of the USS Havana

April 24, 1898 Spain declared war on the United States
April 25, 1898 the United States declared war on Spain

America supported Cuba and the Philippines and this angered Spain

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Efforts to improve society (fixing horrible working conditions, poor treatment of mentally ill and prisoners)

child labor laws
FDA
National parks
women's suffrage

Amendments
16th income tax 1913
17th Direct election of senators 1913
18th was ratified
19th Women right to vote 1920
21st ended prohibition

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WW1 starts with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife in 1914

Allies- Great Britain, Russia, France, Belgium (USA joins in 1917)
Central- Germany, Austria Hungary, Bulgaria

Germany U-boat sank American passenger and commercial ships so the United States joined the fight

The war ends in 1918 because of the Treaty of Versailles

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President Woodrow Wilson proposed the idea for the league of nations

Developed after WW1
Went into effect January 10, 1920 (48 countries were in the league)
14 points which later became the treaty of Versailles

Goal was to keep peace around the world and solve disputes before they turned into a bigger problem

Many people in the USA did not want to join. The President went on a tour around the country to try and get people on board he got sick and this cut his trip short. He had a stroke and died, the United States decided not to partake of the treaty because it was afraid of being dragged into international affairs.

Ended during WW2 (United Nations becomes the replacement)

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Founders
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- Susan B. Anthony

Headquarters
- New York City, New York

Goal
- Wanted a constitutional amendment to secure the right for women to vote

The right to vote eventually became the center piece of the women's rights movement

Women right to vote ratified on August 18, 1920

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Dust bowl 1930s many animals and crops died and this made the depression worse than it already was, many farmers were forced to migrate elsewhere to search for work.

Stock market crash 1929

Black Thursday October 24, 1929
- 11% Drop in the stock market
- The press played a huge role in the widespread panic (just like they do today)

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1933-1938 Hilter appointed as German Chancellor
1939-1941 Germany invaded Poland and many places in Europe began requiring jews to wear identifying marks
1942-1945 Fighting became more intense along the Eastern and Western fronts. Jews were being killed by the millions started using poison gas to kill jews.

People that Hitler saw unfit for society
- Disabled
- Jews
- Gypsies
- Homosexuals

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President Franklin D. Roosevelt

US Naval base located near Honolulu, Hawaii (Many of the US navy ships were located here)

Japanese soldiers performed a surprise attack on on the US naval base killing 2,400 and wounding 1,200.

This event pushed the USA to enter world war 2 and declare
war on Japan on December 8, 1941

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Started September 1, 1939
Ended September 2, 1945
USA entered December 8, 1941

Axis: Germany, Japan, Italy
Allies: USA, France, Great Britain, Soviet Union

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March 18, 1942

Pearl Harbor was the cause of Internment camps The USA was scared that the Asians in America were going to give Japan information
Asian Americans
Basically prison camps because of horrible conditions
Issued by President Franklin Roosevelt

These camps were closed when World War Two ended

An official apology for the camps was given in 1983

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In 1942 Franklin D Roosevelt started talking about an agency that could replace the League of Nations.

October 1945 Reps from 50 countries met and drew up the plans of the United Nations

51 Original countries signed up for the United Nations and today 193 countries are apart of it

The purpose of the United Nations is to maintain peace around the world and help all Nations

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President Truman delivered a speech before congress on March 12, 1947

Possible start of the Cold War

The speech was focused on Anti-Communism

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The Cold War
War with no shots fired
USSR----USA
Russians angry with the Americans because they did not enter the war and this resulted in many Russian Deaths

They were also angry because America would not treat them as a legit part of the International community

Arms race
Race to the moon

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After WW2 Korea was divided into the communist North and the anti communist South.

North invaded South in June of 1950. America and other nations in the United Nations sent troops in to stop the spread of Communism

Cease fire in 1953 North and south Korea decide to have a neutral zone called the demilitarized zone.

A formal treaty was not signed until 2018

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July 1954 Geneva Convention was held and Vietnam was split at the 17 degrees north latitude.

1956- USA sends military aid to help train soldiers in South Vietnam

1963- South Vietnam President is assassinated

1965- US bombing campaign constant air raids for the next three years

1968- US soldiers murder Vietnam citizens

1975- North Vietnam takes control after US troops leave

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Brown vs. Board of Education 1954
Rosa Parks arrest 1955
Civil rights act of 1957 passed 1957
Greensboro Sit-ins 1960
March on Washington and MLK speech (I have a dream) 1963
Civil rights act of 1964- Illegal to discriminate against color, race, nationality, origin , religion, or gender
Bloody Sunday 1965- Troopers attacked demonstrators more than 50 people injured
MLK jr. assassinated 1968
24th amendment to the US constitution ratified 1964- Protect the voting rights of Black people
Voting Rights act of 1965

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26 year old pastor from Atlanta
He achieved his greatest achievements for the civil rights movement in the 1960's

Formed the southern christian leadership conference

1963 MLK gave his famous I have a dream speech thousands of people for civil rights for blacks

MLK was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee

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Oliver Brown sued public schools in Topeka Kansas on behalf of Linda Brown
District Court in Kansas ruled that separate but equal was detrimental but still upheld that law

December 1952-1954 NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall

5 different cases Kansas, Delaware, Virginia, South Carolina, and The District of Columbia

Fred Vinson and other Justices were against overturning Plessy vs. Ferguson

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Little Rock 9- Nine black students enrolled in an all white school in Little Rock, Arkansas (September 1957). The first day of school (September 4, 1957) Governor Orval Faubus tried to block the students from coming into the school with The National Guard. Later that month President Eisenhower sent federal troops to escort the nine students into the school.

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One of the main reasons that distrust exists between the people and the president.

Nixon wanted to win the election so he had his men steal documents and bug the phones from the democratic party

Nixon misused his powers

Nixon tried really hard to cover up the scandal and he denied his connection with any of the claims against him. This was enough for the American people because Nixon was re-elected for another term. Some people continued to dig for information and found a source that proved Nixon was involved. Tapes and other information that connected Nixon to the scandal were found, soon after that Nixon resigned because he knew that he would be impeached. Nixon's vice president Gerald Ford became the president and he pardoned Nixon about a month after he became the president.

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August 2, 1990 - February 28, 1991

Began after Saddam Hussein ordered an invasion on Kuwait in August of 1990

Saddam Hussein went against the United Nations demand to withdraw from Kuwait and Operation desert storm began

Desert Storm January 17, 1991 US led air offensive attacks and then 42 days of relentless attacks

Operation Desert Sabre February 24, 1991 troops head from Northeast Saudi Arabia into Kuwait and Southern Iraq

February 28, 1991 Cease fire declared and the war ends

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September 11, 2001 the USA was attacked (Twin Towers, Pentagon, and possibly the White House/Capitol building

4 west bound planes were hijacked after they took off early September 11th. These planes were crashed into different locations at high speeds loaded fully with fuel.

Osama Bin Laden took responsibility in 2002 with a letter to America he gave several reasons for the attack.

In all 2976 victims were killed and this made the 9/11 attacks the deadliest terrorist attack in history

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March 2003 US forces invade Iraq

Main reasons for the war
1. Knowledge of Iraq weapons of mass destruction
2. End the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein

December 15, 2011 the US declared to end the war in Iraq.
US troops stayed in Iraq to help uphold the government system
It was not until December 31, 2021 that all the United States troops were brought home from Iraq