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In April 2018, a group of persons with disabilities (PWDs) held a rally in front of the Land Transportation Franchising Regulatory Board (LTFRB) in Quezon City. Around 30 PWDs also called on LTFRB officials to ensure that the modern PUVs that would be coming out soon on the roads all over the country would be accessible to all commuters.

The LTFRB should require PUV drivers, operators and frontline personnel to undergo sensitivity training so that they can better understand the special needs of the sectors, president of the Life Haven Independent Living Center Abner Manlapaz said. Terminals for land, air and sea transport should also be PWD-friendly, with accessible facilities not limited to toilets, ticketing counters, waiting lounge, parking /drop off space for persons with disabilities.

Read more: https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1031408

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PWD-friendly and safe transportation program

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PWD-friendly and safe transportation program

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The study concluded that modernization can result in improved economic performance: the purchase of larger vehicles increases farebox revenues, and standardized operations that include shift-patterns and fleet management boost vehicle productivity and should result in economies of scale. There are obstacles, of course. Greater emphasis must be put on the modernization and transformation of traditional operations as the number of potential developmental (i.e., entirely new) routes declines. This calls for an increase in the industry consolidation of the current franchise owners. The ability of operators to operate their vehicles and make loan payments has also been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The government has responded by increasing the equity subsidy to PHP 160,000 (roughly 2,700) and providing some operational subsidies to the affected businesses and drivers.

Mariano, P. M. (2022, October 4). Modernizing Public Transport in the Philippines. Changing Transport. https://changing-transport.org/modernizing-public-transport-in-the-philippines/

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In 2018, the first of the modernized jeepney routes went into service, and by the middle of 2021, there were more than 300 approved routes nationwide. According to a preliminary evaluation of the program carried out in 2019, operations on modernized routes performed better in terms of vehicle operating hours (19 vs. 14), staff employed per vehicle per day (at least two drivers vs. one), fuel economy per passenger-km (156 km/l vs. 111 km/l), and daily ridership (300 vs. 460). With the clear benefit that staff on modern routes receive employee benefits, daily staff wages stayed about 10.50 to 11.50 EUR per day.

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The Jeepney+ NAMA project aims to revolutionize the Philippines' public transportation system, which supports 450,000 people in Metro Manila alone. Its objective is to establish a national support mechanism for low-carbon public transport vehicles, improve policy and regulatory framework, and introduce a thorough reorganization of institutional structure. The German Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety is funding the project through its International Climate Initiative (BMU). Its goal is to help developing nations create and carry out transportation-related climate change mitigation strategies. With regard to monitoring and regulation, the shift from franchising individual vehicles to a route-based franchising model (potentially "one-route-one-franchise") offers significant opportunities.

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In 2019, the Philippines had a value of 234,280 total greenhouse gas emissions (kt of CO2 equivalent). The main contributor to this is road transport since the most common public transportation is the jeepney. The public transportation system revolves around jeepneys. There are approximately 200,000 jeepneys in the Philippines and 55,000 in Metro Manila alone. Car and motorcycle ownership has also dominated the country. Between 2007 and 2012, car ownership increased to 16%, while motorcycle ownership grew to 69%. Combined with the public transport system, the Philippines has a risk of damaging the environment with greenhouse gas emissions from conventional vehicles.

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Instead of a gas tank and internal combustion engine, electric vehicles (e-vehicles) have a battery and an electric motor. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles use a gas tank, a battery, an internal combustion engine, and an electric motor. E-vehicles use electricity to charge their batteries instead of using fossil fuels. They are considered more efficient and cheaper than fossil fuel vehicles.

There are many benefits to using e-vehicles rather than fossil fuel vehicles. The most noticeable environmental benefit is the reduction of carbon footprint. E-vehicles and PHEVs have zero to low tailpipe emissions. Everyone can reduce the impact of charging their e-vehicles by choosing renewable energy options for home electricity. E-vehicles are also more efficient in converting energy than fossil fuel vehicles. Around 60% of electrical energy is converted to power the e-vehicles. Fossil-fuel vehicles can only convert approximately 17% to 21% of the energy stored in the fuel.

Explaining Electric & Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles. (2022, October 12). US EPA. https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/explaining-electric-plug-hybrid-electric-vehicles
BENEFITS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES. (n.d.). https://e-amrit.niti.gov.in/benefits-of-electric-vehicles

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Image from: Ernie Penaredondo | Philstar

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Image from: Kimberly dela Cruz | New York Times

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Bikers using the sidewalk as there is nonexistent bike lane

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Bikers using the sidewalk as there is nonexistent bike lane

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VP @lenirobredo really said: pic.twitter.com/magTxcND3m
— Miguel Nacianceno (@mignac_) May 16, 2022

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Transportation facilities are a serious matter in the Philippines. Sidewalks are too narrow for pedestrians to walk. Markings on the pedestrian crossings are fading, which is hardly seen by pedestrians and drivers. Vendor stalls or electrical wirings obstruct the footbridges. Bike lanes and bike racks are not prevalent. Improvements in these facilities will create a safe environment for everyone. It also reduces the carbon usage of the cities by promoting an alternative way of mobility through walking or using bicycles.

Bee, J. (2016, November 21). Sidewalks in the Philippines: A Myth. TWO BEES in a BLOG. https://twobeesinablog.com/2016/11/21/sidewalks-in-the-philippines-a-myth/comment-page-1/

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Wheelmobile: Wheelchair Accessible Taxi at Manila, Philippines Airport

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Wheelmobile: Wheelchair Accessible Taxi at Manila, Philippines Airport

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Other cities in the Philippines introduced PWD-friendly transportation last 2016. Marikina City rolled out a PWD-friendly tricycle constructed with a wide door, a ramp, and safety handrails. The government also introduced PWD-friendly point-to-point buses with the same features as the tricycle.

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Hopes for walkable cities in the Philippines

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Hopes for walkable cities in the Philippines

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Atty. Leni Robredo shared her hopes for ‘walkable cities’ in the Philippines. To achieve this, the Philippine government needs to focus on improving the cities to be more pedestrian friendly.

Malasig, J. (2022, May 31). What Philippines can adapt from “walkable” New York, according to Robredo. Interaksyon. https://interaksyon.philstar.com/trends-spotlights/2022/05/31/218421/what-philippines-can-adapt-from-walkable-new-york-according-to-robredo/

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Transportation Facilities (Sidewalks, Pedestrian Crossings, Footbridges, Bike Lanes)

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Transportation Facilities (Sidewalks, Pedestrian Crossings, Footbridges, Bike Lanes)

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Jeepney is the most popular public transportation in the Philippines. With almost 9 million people riding the iconic jeepneys every day, it is safe to assume that these public vehicles are accessible and safe for everyone. However, commuters (PWDs and non-PWDs) claim that they encounter many problems with public utility vehicles. Riding these PUVs is unsafe for PWDs, especially when the most common public transportation is overcrowded. Other public vehicles do not tailor to the needs of persons with disabilities. Taxis are the safest option, but some drivers choose their passengers and charge higher than the usual fare.

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Image from: Niño Jesus Orbeta | Philippine Daily Inquirer

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Public Utility Vehicles (Jeepneys, UV Express, Tricycles, Taxis, Buses)

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Public Utility Vehicles (Jeepneys, UV Express, Tricycles, Taxis, Buses)

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Senator Leila de Lima expressed her dismay at the lack of PWD-friendly facilities. The government implemented these two specific laws that tackle the rights of PWDs long ago. However, there was no significant improvement in the accessibility and mobility of PWDs. A photo of a PWD forced to take the stairs while two security personnel carry his wheelchair became viral. The picture alone displays the discouraging state of the lack of PWD-friendly facilities.

Senate of the Philippines. (2022, January 8). De Lima bewails lack of PWD-friendly facilities. https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2022/0108_delima3.asp

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PWD forced to climb stairs due to lack of PWD-friendly facilities

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PWD forced to climb stairs due to lack of PWD-friendly facilities

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Approximately 1.44 million of the population are PWDs. The Accessibility Law is to enhance the mobility of PWDs by requiring public utility buildings and infrastructures to install PWD-friendly facilities. The law includes public transportation facilities and vehicles. The Magna Carta for Disabled Persons is to achieve equality among PWDs and non-PWDs by (1) improving the rights and privileges of PWDs, (2) and prohibiting discrimination against PWDs in a work environment and public setting.

Buenaventura, J. (2022, May 1). Current Philippine legislation and representation for the PWD sector. The GUIDON. https://theguidon.com/1112/main/2022/05/current-philippine-legislation-and-representation-for-the-pwd-sector/

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In 2017, University of the Philippines Diliman students conducted a study regarding the state of PWD-friendly mobility in Cainta, Rizal. The study aims to address the problems regarding the transportation accessibility of persons with disabilities. In this study, PWDs and non-PWDs encountered difficulties with the following vehicle and transportation facilities.

Study shows that pedestrians (PWDs and non-PWDs) consider safety as the most essential among other factors of accessibility, comfort, cost, destination, time, and reliability. One of the targets of UNSDG # 11 is to provide a safe, efficient, and sustainable transport system and facilities to everyone with attention to the needs of vulnerable people, women, children, the elderly, and persons with disabilities.

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Assessment of Mobility of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in Cainta, Rizal

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Assessment of Mobility of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in Cainta, Rizal

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When mass transportation was halted in 2020 as a result of the modified enhanced community quarantine, cyclists used Commonwealth Avenue in Quezon City to travel to their respective destinations.

https://nolisoli.ph/100208/most-bike-friendly-cities-ph/

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(1) There are elderly who suffer from various conditions and need medical attention most of the time but cannot visit the hospital consistently. (2) Immediate response is not accessible due to the distance or the patient has to travel a long way for treatments. (3) Citizens or individuals do not have that much time to wait in long lines for consultations and medical examinations. (4) Cost

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(1) A citizen can see online the benefits of staying healthy, but below there is an advertisement for donuts or milk tea. (2) People in pain expect their illness or symptoms to heal or improve on their own or past over time. Or just lazy to receive treatment (Self-Ascribed Personality Traits).

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Image from: Philippine Utility Vehicle Incorporated

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Teens & Telehealth Can Be a Smart Combination. (n.d.). HealthyChildren.org. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/Pages/Teens-and-Telehealth.aspx

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Dahiya, A., & Psannis, K. (2021, September 13). Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoMT): An Unexplored Dimension in Healthcare. Insights2Techinfo. https://insights2techinfo.com/internet-of-medical-things-iomt-an-unexplored-dimension-in-healthcare/

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For 2016, the annual regular revenue of Rizal province is ₱2,935,044,652.27. An increase of 10.41% from 2015.

PhilAtlas. (n.d.). Rizal. PhilAtlas. Retrieved from https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/r04a/rizal.html#sectionEconomy

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The age group of 14 years old and below (infants, children, and young adolescents or teenagers) - 30.82% (888,856)

Age group of 15 years old up to 64 years old (economically active residents) - 65.63% (1,892,851)

The age group of 65 years old and above (senior citizens) - 3.55% (102,520)

2015 census

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Under the region 4-A (CALABARZON) is the Rizal Province. It is occupying the central section of Luzon. Clockwise from the North, Bulacan, Quezon, Laguna, Laguna de Bay, and the National Capital Region bordered Rizal province. With a land area of 1,182.65 square kilometers or 456.62 square miles and a population of 3,330,143 (2020).

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2019 ENNS Results Dissemination_Nutritional Status and Feeding  Practices of Children Under 2

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Disadvantages of the Internet of Medical Things

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Disadvantages of the Internet of Medical Things

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1. Security of Data

2. Lack of Standard and Communication Protocols

3. Errors in Data

4. Software Implementation of Medical Analytic Schemes

5. Mobile Hesitation

6. Data Overload on Health Facilities

7. Becoming Indolent

8. Cost

Korade, Kotak, & Durafe, 2019; Myrka, 2020; Advantages of IoMT | disadvantages of IoMT, 2012

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Advantages of the Internet of Medical Things

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Advantages of the Internet of Medical Things

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1. Real-Time Interventions in terms of Emergency Cases

2. Cost Reductions

3. Reduced morbidity due to less access to check-ups

4. Reduced response time in terms of Medical Emergency

5. Little to No Travel Time

6. Remotely Available Communication

7. Medication Intake is Monitored and Controlled

8. Easy Accessibility

Korade, Kotak, & Durafe, 2019; Myrka, 2020; Advantages of IoMT | disadvantages of IoMT, 2012

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DOST Expanded National Nutrition Survey

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1. Overuse of Medical Care

2. Limited to Some Areas

3. Not Completely Remotely (ex. Laboratory)

4. Security of Personal Data

5. Lack of Internet Access or Mobile Device

Tsymbal, 2022; Thomas, 2022; Mayo Clinic Staff, 2022; Peñate, 2012; Watson, 2020

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1. Easier Accessibility to Health Care Services

2. Offer Primary Care for Many Medical conditions

3. Safe Interactions

4. Easy Sharing of Information

5. Improvement in Communication

Tsymbal, 2022; Thomas, 2022; Mayo Clinic Staff, 2022; Peñate, 2012; Watson, 2020

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Similar to Remote Patient Monitoring, Telehealth or Telemedicine is where access to health care is through the use of digital information and communication. It permits patient and doctor conversations virtually without the need for travel and personal contacts. The needed technology here is computers and mobile devices like smartphones.

Telehealth offers different ways to execute the service. It could be through telephone, e-mails, documents, audio files, videos, phone calls, phone messages, video calls, and the like.

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Internet of Medical Things or IoMT is labeled as assembled medical devices and applications linked to medical services or healthcare services through machine-to-machine in real-time exchange. IoMT collects and tracks patient health data through a network of devices, mobile phone apps, wearable sensors, smart homes, communication protocol networks, etc.

IoMT allows patient and doctor communication as IoMT collects the patient's physical parameters and health data such as blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate, and the like through senses which is then sent to medical services. The collection of data happens real-time, anywhere, any place, and any context as long as connectivity is present.

An example of IoMT is remote patient monitoring, also called self-testing or monitoring, where patients' data is collected through the IoMT device linked to a machine of a distinct health facility where professionals can view and study their statistics.

DelVecchio, 2015; 10 internet of things (IOT) healthcare examples, 2020.; Guntur, Gorrepati & Dirisala, 2018; Shelke & Sharma, 2016

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Internet of Medical Things and Telehealth

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Be deafening to the citizens on how to take care of their health status and mind their nutrition. Easily accessible to citizens that do not require much time or can be adjusted to their busy schedules. Not just encourage but call for proper management of lifestyle. In this way, we can say that citizens are reminded that they have to take care of themselves. Especially now conditions are slowly going to order and some protocols are being uplifted or are not being followed properly.

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If SDG#3 tackles aspiring to ensure the health and well-being of the people, which is also one specific intent of the study, then the delivery of health care should be improved. The problem with health care delivery is easily avoidable and sometimes inaccessible.

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Minimalist Beige Package Comparison Chart Graph-2