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The imperialist expansion resulted in dozens of colonies around the world, specially belonging to England, France and Germany. Also Japan had created a colonial empire in Asia.
The age of industrialization had led to scientific inventions and a great amount of work opportunities, but also to a rich powerful class and a large poor class (as a result of a new socio-economic system: capitalism). This caused a necessity for resources, which increased the colonialist desire.
The trade unions rose, leading also to a rise of commerce and goods production. Lord Shaftesbury set several laws on children and women labor during 1830-40 because regulation was needed due to the poor conditions.
Early attempts by women to achieve equal rights and suffrage. John Stuart Mill's "The Subjection of Women" in 1869.
National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies led by Millicent Fawcett and Women's Social and Political Union led by Emmeline Pankhurst, since 1912.
In Ireland, two petitions for independence had failed in the XIX century, although Catholic Emancipation was achieved in 1829

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The colonial expansion and the Industrial Revolution inventions gave an idea of unbeatable European nations. Moreover it had been long since the last large-scale war, so the European society felt safe.
Religion was important, and in the case of England it existed a well-off class. Nevertheless, social inequalities spread along the country, specially regarding working class and women.
Most of European kings at that time were descendants of Queen Victoria of England.

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Germany desired to get a colonial empire which rivaled with England and France's. The French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars made nationalist ideals rise.
Rivalry between European powers and need for resources sprang tensions.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian Empire is murdered by Serbian militants in Sarajevo in 1914. Austria used it as a pretext to invade Serbia, but Russia wanted a Slavonic united nation; as a result Russia supported Serbia.
Austria declared war to Serbia, and so Russia to Austria. As Austria was Germany's ally, Germany declared war to Russia and France. This border and support situation was a result of previous alliances system set by German chancellor Otto von Bismark.
The war started officially July 28, 1914.
England was not taking part directly, but the German invasion of Belgium (neutral) forced it to react and declared war to Germany. Many European businessmen wished the war to increase their industrial production and saw the conflict as a chance for workers's revolts to stop.
French president Raymond Poincaré is murdered by an ultranationalist.

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The war was well recieved by people, due to nationalism and propaganda, which spread fear for the enemy and promised a greater wealth after victory.
At this point there was an increase of technological developments such as tanks, improved submarines and airplanes and chemical weapons.
The main combatants were joint in two alliances made in 1907 and 1882 respectively: the Triple Entente (United Kingdom, France and Russia) and the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy). Italy joint the Entente in 1915 by the Treaty of London, while the Ottoman Empire joint the Alliance.
In England, Churchill was working as First Lord of the Admiralty, though was demoted and sent to the Western Front until 1916 due to the disasters of Gallipoli and Dardanelles, planned by him.
Also at this point, feminist and workers's protests were hindered by the war.

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Legions from all the colonies overseas arrived to fight beside British and French.
Belgium, led by Albert I strongly opposed to the German invasion, as well the Serbians did against Austria.
France got some victories against Germany, but German swiftly took revenge against it and Belgium. The war became a line of daily combats along quite static borders: the "trench warfare" was born.
Soldiers lived and died in deplorable conditions, among corpses, rats and dirt. Deseases spread rapidly and many soldiers were badly fed and dressed.
In 1914 the Battle of Ypres begins.
The social paradigm started to change, as people realised former lovers of culture had become murderers.

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(1882-1960) An English woman born in Manchester, she was daughter of Emmeline Pankhurst (1858-1928), founder of Women's Social and Political Union, which fought for women's right to vote.
Sylvia began the feminist fight in 1912 for better conditions for worker women in the United Kingdom.
She was influenced by marxist, socialist and communist discourses, and along her sister Christabel, became a popular leader.
Although she was expelled from the WSPU, she founded a newspaper called Worker's Dreadnought in 1914. So, the war did not avoid her to continue her task.

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Japan fought for the Entente during the entire WW1. It had become a powerful industrial country and a colonial empire along Asia, and an ally of the United Kingdom, what made it take part in the war.
Japan's imperialist ambition had grown fierce, and had invaded territories in Eastern Russia, the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan. But Chinese resources were its main target.
Japan attacked the Chinese city of Qingdao as it possessed a German colony (the famous Qingdao's German brewery, still very alive nowadays), using this as a pretext to invade Manchuria and the Chinese coast.

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The Ottoman Empire committed the Armenian Genocide in 1915, by which thousands of Christian Armenians were killed to take their properties.
As the war continued, more British women took "men's jobs" since they were sent to battle. Factories were full of working women, and this started to change the paradigm of the modern women, a woman who were leaving domestic jobs to join the war machinery. This also provoked some health issues for them, as more chemical weapons were used, which were highly poisonous to produce.
The idea of working woman gave some fresh air to women's independence, as their salaries and job opportunities rose. Nevertheless, mothers suffered great problems to combine job and motherhood.
The role of Glasgow Women's Housing Association (since 1914) became more important as some soldiers's families were uncapable of paying their houses.
In 1915 the Rent Restriction Act is declared in England, to which some landlords and businessmen opposed.
The war continued static in trenches, with little changes on borders, though Russia managed to enter Germany's East Prussia. German propaganda spread hatred against Russians, showing them as rapists and murderers.
British Prime Minister David Lloyd George appointed Churchill as minister of munitions in 1916.

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Final stages and end of the war. 1916-1918

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Final stages and end of the war. 1916-1918

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Little can be said about the evolution of the war regarding territories. The static trench warfare made it impossible for troops to advance. In some cases it took months to gain a mile of ground.
The death toll had already reached a number beyond any other war's before, and wounded soldiers were countless, with hundreds of amputated limbs, or men horribly desfigured by shots or venomous gases. Weather, humidity and infections made their part too.
Forced recruitment had been established in the United Kingdom, which, along with the casualties and war's sorrows, made enthusiasm quickly decline.
British feminists and workers (also most of them women) carried out some strikes and protests for their rights and salaries, though the war reduced their voices. And yet the importance of women's labor in factories was too high for the war and some grantings were given.
The Russian Revolution started in 1917, and although it would last until 1923, the rapid advance of the Bolsheviks had given great power to them. Besides, the American aid to the Entente highly overcame the Alliance's resources.
The war officially ended November 11, 1918, with Germany and the Entente's rendition and signing of the armistice.

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Almost one million British died, and over double got wounded.
The war brought ruin and poverty to Europe, so large loans were carried out by the US, which favored its rising as world's first power at that time.
The Paris Peace Conference sealed the peace with Germany, Austria, Hungary, Turkey and Bosnia, throught the treaties of Versalles, Saint Germain, Trianon, Sèveres and Neuilly respectively.
The Society of Nations was created, and took over the former German colonies. The Ottoman Empire suffered a revolution and become the Republic of Turkey. The Slavonic declared themselves independent from Russia and Austria.
European nations tried to block Russia from European affairs, as the Russian Revolution was bringing Communist ideas, something that would be seen as far in time as during the Cold War.

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New feminist ideas came to the United Kingdom from Canada, where the Women's Institutes had been born in 1912. Although they were left as the WW1 happened, in the afterwards in 1918 they were taken back.
The role of women in factories was then compromised as men returned their homeland. But the idea of the modern woman, economically liberated, had grown strong. The need of rebuilding some cities and the reduction of population still gave people several job opportunities.
The rebuilding matter was not too hard though, as there were no ground combats on English soil, but German bombardments over London and other cities were done.

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WW2 was a direct consequence of WW1, as after the Alliance's defeat, Germany was appointed as the sole guilty about the war, although all nations favored it, and severe punishments were set upon it.
Years later, Hitler used these facts, and the still present nationalism, as an humiliation towards Germany for his hatred discourse and the rise of nazi ideology, as well as Mussolini used the fact that the Entente power did not return to Italy some territories promised to it.
Moreover, the socialist ideas spread during WW1, and the Soviet communism also took roots in Spain, causing at the same time the rise of nationalist and, later, fascist ideals leading to the Spanish Civil War and Francoist regime.
Even beyond WW2, the capitalist and communist ideas coming from WW1 or before were still active, and added to Soviet and Western powers's takeover of Germany and the global politics led the world into the Cold War era.